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# Igitabo cya Daniyeli — Ijana na Mirongo Itandatu na Gatanu

Guhishura Igitambaro cy’Ubuhanuzi: Kuva kuri Alegizandere Mukuru kugera kuri Roma ya none

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Jeff Pippenger

Published

March 29, 2024

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Ubu noneho tugiye gusuzuma amateka yabayeho nyuma y’urupfu rutunguranye rwa Alegizandere Mukuru, rugereranya umwaka wa 538 kugeza ku gihe cy’imperuka mu 1798.

> Kandi igihe azahaguruka, ubwami bwe buzamenagurwa, kandi buzagabanywa bwerekeye ku muyaga ine zo mu ijuru; ariko ntibuzahabwa urubyaro rwe, kandi ntibuzamera nk’ubutware yategekanye; kuko ubwami bwe buzahokorwa, bukegurirwa abandi batari abo. Maze umwami wo mu majyepfo azakomera, ndetse n’umwe mu batware be; na we azamurusha gukomera, kandi azategeka; ubutware bwe buzaba ubutware bukomeye cyane. Nuko nyuma y’imyaka baziyunga; kuko umukobwa w’umwami wo mu majyepfo azaza ku mwami wo mu majyaruguru kugira ngo bagirane isezerano; ariko ntazagumana imbaraga z’ukuboko; kandi na we ntazahagarara, cyangwa ukuboko kwe; ahubwo azagambanirwa, na ba bandi bamuzanye, n’uwamubyaye, n’uwamukomeje muri iyo minsi. Ariko mu ishami ry’imizi ye hazahaguruka umwe mu cyimbo cye, uzazana ingabo, akinjira mu gihome cy’umwami wo mu majyaruguru, akabarwanya, kandi akanesha. Kandi kandi azajyana bunyago muri Egiputa imana zabo, hamwe n’ibikomangoma byabo, n’ibintu byabo by’igiciro cyinshi by’ifeza n’izahabu; kandi azamara imyaka myinshi aruta umwami wo mu majyaruguru. Nuko umwami wo mu majyepfo azinjira mu bwami bwe, maze asubire mu gihugu cye. Daniyeli 11:4–9.

Amaherezo, nyuma y’uko ubwami bwa Alegizanderi Mukuru busenyutse, abaharaniye gutegeka ubwami bwe bwa kera bahindukiyemo ubwami bubiri bw’ingenzi. Ubwami bumwe bugenga amajyepfo y’ubwami bwa kera bwa Alegizanderi, ubundi bugenga amajyaruguru. Kuva icyo gihe, muri iyo nkuru y’ubuhanuzi bamenyekana gusa nk’umwami w’ikusi n’umwami w’amajyaruguru. Igihe urugamba rwo gutegeka isi rwageze ku rwego aho rugaragazwa gusa hagati y’umwami w’amajyaruguru n’umwami w’ikusi, ibimenyetso by’ayo mabwami yombi bikomeza kugaragara mu gice cyose.

Mu murongo wa gatanu, umwami wo mu majyepfo arakomera kandi agashyirwaho, ariko umwami wo mu majyaruguru na we arakomera, kandi ubwami bwe bukaba bunini kurushaho. Hanyuma mu murongo wa gatandatu, umwami wo mu majyepfo atanga icyifuzo cy’ubufatanye n’ubwami bwo mu majyaruguru. Iryo sezerano ry’amahoro rishingwa n’uko umwami wo mu majyepfo aha umukobwa we umwami wo mu majyaruguru, kugira ngo amurongore kandi yemeze ubwo bufatanye akoresheje isano y’umuryango. Umwami wo mu majyaruguru arabyemera, maze yirukana umugore we, arongora igikomangoma cyaturutse mu majyepfo, bityo ubwo bufatanye buratangira.

Amaherezo umwamikazi wo mu majyepfo abyara umwana w’umuhungu; ariko amaherezo umwami wo mu majyaruguru aza kurambirwa umugore we mushya, amushyira ku ruhande nk’uko yari yaragize umugore we wa mbere, maze yongera kugarura umugore we wa mbere. Ariko uwo mugore wa mbere akimara kugarurwa no kubona uburyo, yica umwami wo mu majyaruguru, umugeni we wo mu majyepfo, umwana wabo, n’itsinda ryose ry’Abanyamisiri ryari rimuherekeje. Igikorwa cy’uwo mugore wa mbere cyo kwica umwamikazi wo mu majyepfo n’umwana we kirakaza cyane umuryango w’uwo mwamikazi wo mu majyepfo, maze umwe muri bene se ateranya ingabo atera ubwami bwo mu majyaruguru.

Ingabo zo mu majyepfo zinesha umwami wo mu majyaruguru, maze umugore wa mbere wishe uwo mwami wo mu majyaruguru, hamwe n’umugeni we wo mu majyepfo n’umwana we, hanyuma bicwa. Umwana w’umugore wa mbere, wari warimitswe kuba umwami utegeka amajyaruguru igihe se yapfaga, arafatwa maze asubizwa muri Egiputa n’umwami wo mu majyepfo, ari kumwe n’ibintu bimwe by’Abanyegiputa n’ibishushanyo byabo by’imana byari byarajyanywe n’ubwami bwo mu majyaruguru bivanywe mu bwami bwo mu majyepfo mu ntambara zabanje. Ageze muri Egiputa, uwo mwami wo mu majyaruguru wari warafashwe agwa ku ifarashi maze arapfa. Uriah Smith agaragaza ayo mateka muri ubu buryo bukurikira.

> “‘UMURONGO WA 6. Kandi ku mperuka y’iyo myaka bazifatanya; kuko umukobwa w’umwami wo mu majyepfo azaza ku mwami wo mu majyaruguru ngo bagirane isezerano; ariko ntazagumana imbaraga z’ukuboko; kandi na we ntazahagarara, cyangwa ukuboko kwe; ahubwo azatangwa, n’abamuzanye, n’uwamubyaye, n’uwamukomeje muri ibyo bihe.’

> Habayeho intambara zabaga kenshi hagati y’abami ba Egiputa n’aba Siriya. By’umwihariko ni ko byagenze ku ngoma ya Ptolémée Philadelphus, umwami wa kabiri wa Egiputa, na Antiochus Theos, umwami wa gatatu wa Siriya. Amaherezo bemeranyije kugirana amahoro, ariko ku ngingo y’uko Antiochus Theos yagombaga kwirukana umugore we wa mbere, Laodice, n’abahungu be babiri, maze akabana na Berenike, umukobwa wa Ptolémée Philadelphus. Nuko rero Ptolémée ajyana umukobwa we kwa Antiochus, amuherekeza inkwano nyinshi cyane.

> “‘Ariko ntazagumana ubushobozi bw’ukuboko;’ ni ukuvuga inyungu n’ububasha bwe yari afite kuri Antiyokusi. Kandi ni ko byagenze; kuko hatatinze, mu gihe yari yafashwe n’urukundo, Antiyokusi yongeye kugarura mu rugo rw’ibwami umugore we wa mbere, Lawodike, n’abana be. Maze ubuhanuzi bukavuga buti: ‘Kandi ntazahagarara [Antiyokusi], habe n’ukuboko kwe,’ cyangwa urubyaro rwe. Lawodike, amaze gusubizwa mu buntu no mu bubasha, yatinyaga ko, kubera guhindagurika kw’imico ya Antiyokusi, yazongera kumutesha agaciro, maze akongera guhamagaza Berenike; kandi abonye ko nta kindi kitari urupfu rwe cyashobora kuba uburinzi nyabwo bwo kwirinda bene iyo ngaruka, yatumye aroga maze apfa nyuma y’igihe gito. Kandi n’urubyaro rwe rwabyawe na Berenike ntirwamusimbuye ku bwami; kuko Lawodike yayoboye iby’iyo ngoma mu buryo bwo kwemeza ko intebe y’ubwami ijyaho umuhungu we w’imfura, Seleucus Callinicus.”

> “Ariko ubwo bugome ntibwashoboraga kuguma igihe kirekire budahanwe, nk’uko ubuhanuzi bukomeza kubivuga, kandi amateka yakurikiyeho akabihamya.

> “‘UMURONGO WA 7. Ariko umwe uzakomoka ku ishami ryo mu mizi ye azahaguruka mu mwanya we; aze azazana ingabo, yinjire mu gihome cy’umwami w’amagepfo, abarwanye, kandi aneshe. 8. Kandi azajyana imbohe mu Egiputa imana zabo, hamwe n’abatware babo, n’ibintu byabo by’agaciro by’ifeza n’izahabu; kandi azaramba imyaka myinshi kurusha umwami w’amagepfo. 9. Nuko umwami w’amajyepfo azinjira mu bwami bwe, hanyuma asubire mu gihugu cye bwite.’”

> “Iri shami ryo mu mizi imwe na Berenike yari mwene nyina w’umuhungu, Ptolemaiyo Ewergetesi. Amaze gusa gusimbura se, Ptolemaiyo Filadelifusi, ku ngoma y’i Egiputa, yahise, ashishikajwe no guhorera urupfu rwa mushiki we Berenike, akoranya ingabo nyinshi cyane, atera igihugu cy’umwami w’amajyaruguru, ari we Selewukusi Kalinikusi, wari uganje muri Siriya afatanije na nyina, Lawodike. Ariko arabatsinda, ndetse agera ku rugero rwo kwigarurira Siriya, Kilikiya, ibice byo haruguru hakurya ya Efurate, ndetse hafi ya Aziya yose. Ariko yumvise ko mu Egiputa hadutse imvururu zisaba ko asubirayo iwabo, anyaga ubwami bwa Selewukusi, ajyana italanto mirongo ine z’ifeza n’ibyombo by’igiciro cyinshi, n’ibishushanyo by’imana ibihumbi bibiri na magana atanu. Muri ibyo harimo ibishushanyo Cambyses yari yarigeze kuvana mu Egiputa akabijyana mu Buperesi. Abanyegiputa, kuko bari baraganjwe rwose no gusenga ibigirwamana, bahaye Ptolemaiyo izina rya Ewergetesi, risobanurwa ngo Umugiraneza, bamushimira ko yari amaze gusubiza imana zabo zari zarajyanywe ho iminyago nyuma y’imyaka myinshi.”

> “Ibi, nk’uko Musenyeri Newton abivuga, ni inkuru ya Jerome, yakuye mu banyamateka ba kera; ariko kandi, nk’uko abivuga, haracyariho abanditsi batarazimira bemeza bimwe muri ibyo bintu nyir’izina. Appian atumenyesha ko Laodice amaze kwica Antiochus, hanyuma nyuma ye akica Berenice n’umwana we, Ptolemy, mwene Philadelphus, kugira ngo ahore ayo maraso, yateye Siriya, yica Laodice, kandi akomeza kugera i Babuloni. Duhereye kuri Polybius, tumenya ko Ptolemy, witwaga Euergetes, amaze kurakazwa cyane n’uko mushiki we Berenice yakorewe ubugome, yinjiranye ingabo muri Siriya, maze afata umurwa wa Seleucia, wakomeje kurindwa imyaka myinshi nyuma yaho n’ibirindiro by’abami ba Egiputa. Ni muri ubwo buryo yinjiye mu gihome cy’umwami wo mu majyaruguru. Polyaenus ahamya ko Ptolemy yigaruriye igihugu cyose uhereye ku musozi wa Taurus ukageza mu Buhinde, nta ntambara cyangwa urugamba bibayeho; ariko abeshya abishyira kuri se aho kubishyira ku muhungu. Justin avuga ko iyo Ptolemy ataza guhamagarwa gusubira muri Egiputa n’imvururu zo mu gihugu cye, aba yarigaruriye ubwami bwose bwa Seleucus. Bityo umwami wo mu majyepfo yinjira mu butware bw’umwami wo mu majyaruguru, maze asubira mu gihugu cye, nk’uko umuhanuzi yari yarabivuze mbere. Kandi kandi yamurutseho imyaka myinshi kurusha umwami wo mu majyaruguru; kuko Seleucus Callinicus yapfiriye mu buhungiro, azize kugwa ku ifarashi ye; naho Ptolemy Euergetes amusigaho imyaka ine cyangwa itanu.” Uriah Smith, Daniel and the Revelation, 250–252.

Ikimenyetso cy’ubuhanuzi kiranga Roma, bityo kikaranga n’umwami w’amajyaruguru, ni uko kugira ngo yimikwe ku ntebe y’ubwami, hagomba kubanza kuneshwa inzitizi eshatu z’uturere. Umwami wa mbere w’amajyaruguru, mu bihe byakurikiye ubwami bwa Alegizandere bumaze gusenyuka, yimitswe na Seleucus Nicator, wari warabaye umugaba wa Ptolémée (umwami w’amajyepfo) mu gihe gito hagati ya 316 na 312 mbere ya Kristo. Umurongo wa gatanu uvuga kuri uku kuri iyo ugira uti: “Nuko umwami wo mu majyepfo azakomera, n’umwe mu batware be; kandi azarushaho kumurusha imbaraga.” Ptolémée yari umwami w’amajyepfo, kandi yari afite umugaba (umwe mu batware be) wagombaga kuzaba urusha Ptolémée imbaraga; kandi interuro ya nyuma y’umurongo wa gatanu iravuga iti: “kandi azategeka; ubutware bwe buzaba ubutware bukomeye.” Umugaba wa Ptolémée, ari we Seleucus, yagombaga kuzaba umwami wa mbere w’amajyaruguru. Ariko kugira ngo Seleucus ahinduke umwami w’amajyaruguru, byari ngombwa ko yitandukanya n’umwami w’amajyepfo, hanyuma akanesha uturere dutatu tw’ingenzi tw’akarere.

Akarere ka mbere Seleukusi yigaruriye ni iyo mu Burasirazuba mu mwaka wa 301 mbere ya Kristo. Hanyuma yigarurira Uburengerazuba (bwari bwarafashwe n’uwasimbuye Kasanderi) mu mwaka wa 286 mbere ya Kristo, maze afata akarere ke ka gatatu ko mu Majyaruguru igihe yatsindaga Lisimakusi mu mwaka wa 281 mbere ya Kristo. Umwami w’Amajyaruguru yashyizwe ku ntebe y’ubwami mu mwaka wa 281 mbere ya Kristo.

Amasezerano y’amahoro yaje kugiranwa nyuma n’umwami wo mu majyepfo yabaye mu mwaka wa 252 mbere ya Kristo. Nyuma y’imyaka itandatu, mu mwaka wa 246 mbere ya Kristo, Berenice (umuganwakazi wo mu majyepfo), umuhungu we, n’abo bari bamuherekeje bose barishwe. Hanyuma umwami wo mu majyepfo yafashe umuhungu wa Laodice witwaga Seleucus Callinicus, amujyana muri Egiputa, aho yapfiriye amaze kugwa ku ifarashi. Ingoma y’umwami wa mbere wo mu majyaruguru yamaze kuva mu mwaka wa 281 mbere ya Kristo kugeza mu mwaka wa 246 mbere ya Kristo, bingana n’imyaka mirongo itatu n’itanu.

Umwami wa mbere wo mu majyaruguru uvugwa mu gice cya cumi na kimwe, yatsinze inzitizi eshatu z’ahantu kugira ngo yimikwe ku ntebe y’ubwami. Roma ya gipagani na yo yatsinze inzitizi eshatu z’ahantu kugira ngo yimikwe ku ntebe y’ubwami [Reba Daniyeli 8:9], kandi Roma ya gipapa yatsinze inzitizi eshatu z’ahantu kugira ngo yimikwe ku ntebe y’ubwami [Reba Daniyeli 7:20]. Roma ya none na yo itsinda inzitizi eshatu z’ahantu kugira ngo yimikwe ku ntebe y’ubwami [Reba Daniyeli 11:40–43].

Umwami wa mbere w’amajyaruguru amaze gukomezwa ku ntebe y’ubwami, yategetse imyaka mirongo itatu n’itanu. Ubupagani bw’i Roma bumaze gukomezwa ku ntebe y’ubwami, bwategetse “igihe” (imyaka magana atatu na mirongo itandatu). Ubupapa bw’i Roma bumaze gukomezwa ku ntebe y’ubwami, bwategetse “igihe, n’ibihe, n’igice cy’igihe” (imyaka igihumbi na magana abiri na mirongo itandatu). Roma ya none imaze gukomezwa ku ntebe y’ubwami, izategeka amezi mirongo ine n’abiri y’ikigereranyo (nanone avugwa nk’“isaha”).

Mushiki w’Umuhanuzi White atumenyesha ko “ibyinshi mu mateka byanditswe muri Daniyeli igice cya cumi na kimwe bizasubirwamo.” Hanyuma agasubiramo imirongo ya mirongo itatu n’umwe kugeza kuri mirongo itatu n’itandatu, maze akavuga ati: “ibintu bisa n’ibisobanuwe muri aya magambo bizabaho.” Muri iyo mirongo, Roma ya gipapa (ikizira giteza umusaka), “ishyirwa” ku ntebe y’ubwami mu mwaka wa 538, hanyuma igatoteza ubwoko bw’Imana iminsi “myinshi” (imyaka igihumbi na magana abiri na mirongo itandatu), kugeza igihe “uburakari” bwa mbere buzuzurijwe mu 1798. Amateka ari mu mirongo ya mirongo itatu n’umwe kugeza kuri mirongo itatu n’itandatu asubirwamo mu mirongo itandatu ya nyuma y’igice cya cumi na kimwe, ariko kandi ayo mateka yanashushanyijwe mu buryo bwuzuye rwose mu mirongo ya gatanu kugeza ku ya cyenda.

Ishyirwaho rya Seleucus nk’umwami wo mu majyaruguru mu mwaka wa 281 mbere ya Kristo, rihura n’umwaka wa 538. Byombi bigaragaza kwimika umwami wo mu majyaruguru ku musozo wo kunesha inzitizi eshatu z’ahantu. Igihe cy’ubutegetsi bwa papa kivugwa mu buryo butandukanye: iminsi igihumbi na magana abiri na mirongo itandatu, amezi mirongo ine n’abiri, igihe n’ibihe n’igice cy’igihe, igihe runaka, n’imyaka itatu n’igice. Ingoma ya Seleucus yamaze imyaka mirongo itatu n’itanu, kandi kimwe cya cumi, cyangwa kimwe cya cumi cy’iyo myaka mirongo itatu n’itanu, ni imyaka itatu n’igice. Kimwe cya cumi cy’imyaka mirongo itatu n’itanu nanone kivugwa nk’“imyaka itatu n’itanu ku icumi” (3.5). “Itatu n’igice” ni ikimenyetso cy’igihe cy’ubutegetsi bwa papa.

Ubupapa bwakomeretse igikomere cyica mu mwaka wa 1798, igihe umwami w’epfo, Napoleon Bonaparte (bisobanura “umwana ugize amahirwe”), yoherezaga jenerali we kujyana papa ari imbohe. Umwaka umwe nyuma yaho, mu wa 1799, papa yapfiriye mu buhungiro, nk’uko n’umwami wa mbere w’amajyaruguru na we yapfuye, we wari warajyanywe mu bunyage n’umwami w’epfo. Seleucus Callinicus yapfuye aguye ku ifarashi igihe yari imbohe muri Egiputa. Papa ni we wari waricaye ku nyamaswa. Iyo nyamaswa yagereranyaga uburyo bwa politiki papa yakoresheje kugira ngo asohoze imirimo ye ya satani. Iyo nyamaswa yiciwe mu wa 1798, kandi papa wari warayicayeho kandi akayitegeka yapfuye umwaka umwe nyuma yaho. Seleucus Callinicus yapfuye aguye ku ifarashi (inyamaswa yari yicayeho). Ubunyage bw’ubupapa bwo mu wa 1798 no mu wa 1799, bwashushanyijwe mu buryo butunganye n’ubunyage bw’umwami wa mbere w’amajyaruguru.

Icyatumye umwami w’epfo kugira ngo arakaze umwami w’amajyaruguru ni isezerano ry’amahoro ryarenzweho, ryashushanywaga no gushyira ku ruhande Berenice (umugeni wo mu majyepfo) no gupfa kwe kwakurikiyeho azize Laodice. Napoléon yari yaragiranye isezerano ry’amahoro hagati y’u Bufaransa bw’Impinduramatwara n’ibihugu bya papa mu mwaka wa 1797. Iryo sezerano ryiswe izina ry’umujyi wa Tolentino wo muri Ancona, mu Butaliyani, aho ryari ryashyiriweho umukono. Ryasojwe ku mugaragaro muri Gashyantare 1798, igihe u Bufaransa bwajyanaga papa ho imbohe. Impamvu yatumye iryo sezerano riteshwa agaciro ni umuhati w’u Bufaransa wo gukwirakwiza Impinduramatwara yabwo.

Jenerali Duphot wa Napoléon yari i Roma mu mwaka wa 1797 ari umwe mu ngabo z’urugendo rw’Abafaransa zari zoherejwe na Directory, ari yo butegetsi bwari ku butegetsi mu Bufaransa muri icyo gihe. Intego y’urwo rugendo rw’Abafaransa rwajyaga mu Butaliyani, rwari runakubiyemo kuba kwa Jenerali Duphot i Roma, yari ugushyigikira Repubulika y’Abaroma, igihugu cy’abambari cyamaze igihe gito cyashyizweho n’ingabo z’impinduramatwara z’Abafaransa ku Gice cy’Ubutaliyani. Muri icyo gihe, Abafaransa bari bafite uruhare rukomeye mu gushyigikira imitwe y’impinduramatwara no gukwirakwiza amahame y’impinduramatwara hirya no hino mu Burayi. Mu Butaliyani, bashakaga guhirika ubwami no gushyiraho za repubulika zishingiye ku rugero rwa Repubulika y’Abafaransa.

Ukuhaba no gukora kwa Duphot i Roma byateje kurwanywa n’imitwe y’abarwanashyaka b’umuco wa gakondo, harimo n’abashyigikiye Ibihugu bya Papa hamwe n’abanyacyubahiro bo muri ako gace. Mu Kuboza 1797, mu gihe cy’amakimbirane hagati y’ingabo z’Abafaransa n’abashyigikiye Ibihugu bya Papa, Jenerali Duphot yarishwe; bityo urwitwazo rwatumye Napoleon yohereza Jenerali Berthier gufata papa akamugira imbohe mu mwaka wakurikiyeho ruba rurabonetse. Amasezerano y’amahoro yari yaracitse hagati y’abami bo mu majyepfo n’abo mu majyaruguru ni yo yatanze impamvu, muri ayo mateka yombi, yo gutuma umwami w’amajyaruguru ajyanwa ari imbohe n’umwami w’amajyepfo.

Umurongo wa munani uravuga uti: “kandi azajyana ho imbohe muri Egiputa imana zabo, hamwe n’abatware babo, n’ibintu byabo by’agaciro by’ifeza n’izahabu.” Igihe Ptolemayi yasubiraga muri Egiputa asohoza uyu murongo, Abanyegiputa bamuhaye izina rya “Euergetes” (Umugiraneza), bamushimira umurimo yakoze wo kubagarurira ibigirwamana byabo n’ibindi bintu byabo by’agaciro byari byarabambuwe mbere n’umwami w’amajyaruguru. Mu mwaka wa 1798, habayeho isahurwa ry’i Roma ryakozwe n’Abafaransa. Ku munsi umwe gusa, abanyamateka banditse ko habonetse amagare magana atanu akururwa n’amafarasi, arinzwe bikomeye n’ingabo, asohoka mu murwa.

Umutambagiro wari urimo umubare munini cyane w’ibishushanyo bya kera n’amashusho yashushanyijwe mu gihe cya Renaissance Ubufaransa bwiyegerezaga hakurikijwe amasezerano y’amahoro y’i Tolentino yari yararenganyijwe. Muri ibyo bihangano harimo itsinda rya Laocoon, Apollo wa Belvedere, Umugaul wapfaga, Cupid na Psyche, Ariadne kuri Naxos, Venus wa Medici, n’ibishushanyo binini cyane by’uruzi rwa Tiber na Nile; ibitambaro biboshywe n’amashusho ya Raphael, harimo Transfiguration, Madonna di Foligno, Madonna della Sedia, Santa Conversazione ya Titian; n’ibindi bihangano byinshi. Ibyo by’ubutunzi byari byaribwe ntibyigeze bimurikwa muri Musee Napoleonian yo muri Louvre, yafunguwe mu 1807, keretse hashize imyaka myinshi nyuma y’ibyo. Nk’uko Ptolemy yashimwaga ko yasubije Abanyegiputa ubutunzi bwabo, ni ko n’ubutunzi bwavanywe i Roma bwashyizwe mu gice cy’inzu ndangamurage cyitiriwe Napoleon.

Umurongo wa gatanu kugeza ku wa cyenda, ni ihura ritunganye rwose n’amateka atangirira mu mwaka wa 538 agasozwa mu wa 1798 no mu wa 1799. Ahuye n’imirongo ya mirongo itatu n’umwe kugeza ku ya mirongo itatu n’itandatu, igaragazwa mu mirongo itandatu ya nyuma y’iki gice, isobanura guhabwa imbaraga kwa nyuma kwa Roma ya none ubwo inatsinda inzitizi eshatu, maze amaherezo ikagera ku iherezo ryayo nta wuyifasha. Umurongo wa cumi noneho uvuga amateka yo mu 1989.

> Ariko abahungu be bazakangurwa, kandi bazateranya ingabo nyinshi zikomeye; kandi umwe muri bo azaza rwose, asesekare, anyuremo; hanyuma azagaruka, akanguke, ageze no ku gihome cye. Daniyeli 11:10.

Isohozwa ry’amateka ry’umurongo wa cumi rigereranya umwaka wa 1989, igihe ubupapa, mu bufatanye bw’ibanga na Ronald Reagan, “bwarenze urugero” kandi “bukambuka” Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Abasoviyeti, hasigara gusa igihome cyayo (Uburusiya), ubwo Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Abasoviyeti (USSR) zashwanyukaga nyuma ya Perestroika.

> Kandi mu gihe cy’imperuka, umwami wo mu majyepfo azamutera; kandi umwami wo mu majyaruguru azamugabaho nk’umuyaga w’ishuheri, azanye amagare y’intambara, n’abagendera ku mafarashi, n’amato menshi; kandi azinjira mu bihugu, akwire hose, kandi abinyuremo. Danieli 11:40.

Amateka y’umurongo wa cumi agaragaza ukwihorera ku kuneshwa kw’umwami w’amajyaruguru n’umwami w’amajyepfo mu mwaka wa 246 Mbere ya Kristo, kandi ashushanya ukwihorera ku kuneshwa kw’umwami w’amajyaruguru n’umwami w’amajyepfo mu mwaka wa 1798. Umurongo wa mirongo ine watangiye igihe cy’imperuka mu mwaka wa 1798, ubwo umwami w’amajyepfo (Ubufaransa butemera Imana) yahaga igikomere cyica umwami w’amajyaruguru (ububasha bwa gipapa), kandi usohozwa no gusenyuka kw’Ubumwe bw’Abasoviyeti mu gihe cy’imperuka mu mwaka wa 1989. Igihe cy’imperuka cyo mu mwaka wa 1798 kigaragazwa mu murongo wa mirongo ine n’interuro igira iti: “Kandi mu gihe cy’imperuka umwami w’amajyepfo azamutera.” Akamenyetso ka “colon” (:) gatandukanya igice cya nyuma cy’uwo murongo, kerekana ikindi “gihe cy’imperuka” cyo mu mwaka wa 1989. “Nuko umwami w’amajyaruguru azamugabaho nk’inkubi y’umuyaga, afite amagare y’intambara n’abagendera ku mafarashi n’amato menshi; kandi azinjira mu bihugu, akuzure kandi akabirenga.”

Tuzakomeza iki cyigisho mu ngingo ikurikira.

> “Buri bwoko bwose bwageze ku rubyiniro rw’ibikorwa bwemerewe gufata umwanya wabwo ku isi, kugira ngo harebwe niba bwari kuzasohoza umugambi wa ‘Umurinzi n’Uwera.’ Ubuhanuzi bwakurikiranye kuzamuka no kugwa kw’ingoma zikomeye z’isi—Babuloni, Abamedi n’Abaperesi, Ubugiriki, n’Uburoma. Kuri buri imwe muri izo, nk’uko byagenze no ku mahanga atari afite imbaraga zingana na zo, amateka yongeye kwisubiramo. Buri bwami bwagize igihe cyabwo cyo kugeragezwa, buri bwatsinzwe; ikuzo ryabwo ryarayoyotse, imbaraga zabwo zirashira, maze umwanya wabwo ufatwa n’ubundi....”

> “Bakwiye kwigira ku kuzamuka no kugwa kw’amahanga nk’uko byagaragajwe neza mu mapaji y’Ibyanditswe Byera, bakamenya ukuntu ikuzo ryo ku isura gusa n’iry’isi ari ubusa rwose. Babuloni, hamwe n’ububasha bwayo bwose n’ubwiza bwayo buhebuje, ubw’isi yacu itongeye kubona ukundi kuva icyo gihe,—ububasha n’ubwiza byasaga n’aho bihamye kandi birambye mu maso y’abantu bo muri iyo minsi,—mbega ukuntu byashize burundu! Nk’‘ururabyo rw’icyatsi’ yararimbutse. Uko ni ko harimbuka ibitagize Imana urufatiro rwabyo. Icyonyine gishobora kuramba ni ikibumbatiwe mu mugambi wayo kandi kigaragaza imico yayo. Amahame yayo ni yo yonyine bintu bidahinduka isi yacu izi.” Education, 177, 184.

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