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# Igitabo cya Yoweli n’Itorero ry’Abadiventisiti b’Umunsi wa Karindwi ry’i Lawodikiya - Umubare wa Mirongo Ine n’Itanu

Umubare Mirongo Ine na Itanu

Author

Jeff Pippenger

Published

February 12, 2026

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## Isubiramo

Abalewi igice cya makumyabiri na gatatu hagaragaza ibigeragezo bitatu biri mu gihe cya Pentekote cy’abihumbi ijana na mirongo ine na bine. Guhuza umunsi wa mbere w’umunsi mukuru w’Ingando n’umunsi wa Pentekote, hanyuma ugahuza iminsi mirongo ine Kristo yigishijemo abigishwa amaso mu yandi mbere yo kuzamurwa kwe n’umunsi w’umuganura, bitanga imiterere rusange ihagarariye ubutumwa bw’abamarayika batatu.

Iyo “rupfu, gushyingurwa n’izuka” iyo ikoreshwa nk’ikirangaminsi kimwe cy’ubuhanuzi gifite intambwe eshatu, nk’uko bigaragazwa n’umubatizo wa Kristo, dusanga hashize iminsi itanu nyuma y’izuka, ku munsi w’amaturo y’umuganura, iherezo ry’iminsi irindwi y’umunsi mukuru w’imigati idasembuwe rigerwaho nk’iteraniro ryera. Bityo rero, ku izuka rya Kristo, rihura n’ituro ry’umuganura, hakurikiraho igihe cy’iminsi itanu.

Ku iherezo ry’iyo miterere ishyirwaho no guhuza umunsi wa mbere w’Umunsi Mukuru w’Ingando n’umunsi wa Pantekote, hariho ikindi kimenyetso cy’inzira gifite intambwe eshatu, na cyo kikurikirwa n’iminsi itanu igera kuri Pantekote.

Hagati y’izo “ngingo z’inzira z’intambwe eshatu zikurikirwa n’iminsi itanu,” harimo igihe cy’iminsi mirongo itatu. Iyo duhuje umunsi wa mbere w’Umunsi Mukuru w’Ingando n’umunsi wa Pentekote, dusobanukirwa ko iminsi itanu mbere y’Umunsi Mukuru w’Ingando hari Umunsi w’Impongano. Iminsi icumi mbere y’Umunsi w’Impongano hari Umunsi Mukuru w’Amakondera. Iminsi mirongo ine Kristo yamaze yigisha amaso ku yandi nyuma y’izuka rye ku munsi w’umuganura, ihura n’iminsi itanu nyuma y’Umunsi Mukuru w’Amakondera, kandi n’iminsi itanu mbere y’Umunsi w’Impongano.

Ikimenyetso cy’inzira cy’intambwe eshatu cy’“urupfu, ihambwa n’umuzuko” We, gikurikiwe n’iminsi itanu kugeza ku iherezo ry’umunsi mukuru w’imigati idasembuwe, noneho cyongera gusubirwamo nyuma y’iminsi mirongo itatu, igihe ikimenyetso cy’inzira cy’intambwe eshatu cy’“amakondera, kuzamurwa no guca urubanza” gikurikirwa n’iminsi itanu kugeza kuri Pentekote. Ikimenyetso cy’inzira cy’intambwe eshatu cyo mu ntangiriro gisobanurwa mu buryo bworoshye nk’ikimenyetso cy’inzira kimwe gifite intambwe eshatu, kuko cyagaragajwe mu buryo butaziguye ko ari ko kiri binyuze mu mubatizo wa Kristo, ushushanya “urupfu, ihambwa n’umuzuko” We. Umubatizo wari alfa y’igihe cyera cy’iminsi 1,260, cyasojwe n’“urupfu, ihambwa n’umuzuko” We, byari omega y’iyo minsi 1,260.

Ikimenyetso cy’inzira y’intambwe eshatu kiri ku mperuka y’igihe cya Pantekote kigomba kumenyekana binyuze mu ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry’ubuhanuzi. Mu minsi mirongo itanu y’igihe cya Pantekote habonekamo imiterere imwe ku ntangiriro no ku iherezo. Dushingiye ku ihame rivuga ko Kristo buri gihe agaragaza iherezo akoresheje intangiriro, dushobora kumenya umunsi mukuru w’impanda, ugakurikirwa no kuzamurwa mu ijuru, ugakurikirwa n’umunsi w’Impongano, ugakurikirwa n’iminsi itanu, nk’“ikimenyetso cy’inzira y’intambwe eshatu gikurikiwe n’iminsi itanu.”

Tunagerageza kandi izo ntambwe eshatu zatanzwe dukurikije amabwiriza ya Bibiliya yerekeye ibiranga buri ntambwe muri izo eshatu. Izo ntambwe eshatu zigaragazwa kenshi mu Ijambo ry’Imana. Ni abamarayika batatu; ni urugo rw’Ubuturo, Ahera n’Ahera Cyane; ni umurimo wa Mwuka Wera wo guhamiriza ibyaha, gukiranuka n’urubanza. Kumenya ko umunsi mukuru w’impanda, kuzamurwa no umunsi w’Impongano ari zo ntambwe eshatu bisaba ko buri ntambwe ihura n’ubuhamya bwa Bibiliya bwamaze gushyirwaho.

Amapanda ni ubutumwa bw’iburira, kandi bufitanye isano n’umumarayika wa mbere urangurura ati “nimwubahe Imana.” Izamuka rya Kristo ni ikimenyetso cy’ubwiza bwo Kuza Kwe kwa Kabiri, kuko imvugo ya kabiri y’umumarayika wa mbere ari “muyihimbaze.” Umunsi w’Impongano ni ikimenyetso cy’urubanza, kandi imvugo ya gatatu y’umumarayika wa mbere ni “igihe cy’urubanza rwayo kirasohoye.” Hari uburyo bwinshi bwo kumenya ko ibiranga by’ubuhanuzi by’intambwe eshatu zo mu kimenyetso cyo ku nzira ku mpera y’igihe cya Pentekote bigaragaza intambwe eshatu z’ubutumwa bwiza bw’iteka ryose, aho benshi “bazezwa, bakezwa kandi bageragezwa.”

Bityo rero, mushobora kubona ko ku kimenyetso cya mbere cy’inzira kigizwe n’intambwe eshatu hatangwa ituro ry’umuganura wa sayiri, kandi ku kimenyetso cya nyuma cy’iyo nzira y’intambwe eshatu hatangwa ituro ry’umuganura w’ingano. Bityo rero, mushobora kubona ko intambwe eshatu za alfa z’igihe cya Pentekote zigaragaza imigati idasembuwe, ariko ko ikimenyetso cya omega kigizwe n’intambwe eshatu kigaragaza imigati isembuwe. Kandi mushobora no kubona ko mu kimenyetso cy’inzira kigizwe n’intambwe eshatu cyo mu itangiriro ari ho Kristo yazamuwe kugira ngo yikureho abantu bose, kandi ko mu kimenyetso cy’inzira gisoza kigizwe n’intambwe eshatu ibendera ry’abari ijana na mirongo ine na bane azamurwa kugira ngo rikureho abanyamahanga.

Umumarayika wa mbere n’uwa gatatu, ku rwego rw’ubuhanuzi, ni wa wundi mumarayika umwe; kuko uwa mbere ari intangiriro—kandi uwa gatatu akaba iherezo. Umumarayika wa mbere, ari we alpha, atangaza ugufungurwa k’urubanza; naho umumarayika wa nyuma, ari we omega, agatangaza isozwa ry’urubanza. Ubutumwa bw’umumarayika wa mbere bwahawe imbaraga no gusohora kwa Isilamu ku wa 11 Kanama 1840, kandi umumarayika wa gatatu yahawe imbaraga no gusohora kwa Isilamu ku wa 9/11. Mushiki wa White atumenyesha ko ubutumwa bw’umumarayika wa mbere n’ubw’umumarayika wa gatatu bwombi bwari ubwo kumurikisha isi icyubahiro cyabwo. Abandi bahamya ni benshi, kandi batanga ibihamya bihagije bishyigikira kugaragaza imiterere y’igihe cya Pentekote nk’uko ishyirwa ahagaragara mu minsi mirongo itanu uhereye ku kuzuka kwa Kristo kugeza kuri Pentekote, hamwe n’imirongo makumyabiri n’ibiri ya mbere yo mu Balewi makumyabiri na gatatu, n’imirongo makumyabiri n’ibiri ya nyuma yo mu Balewi makumyabiri na gatatu. Hagati y’izo ngingo ebyiri z’ingenzi, ari ikimenyetso kigizwe n’intambwe eshatu zigakurikirwa n’iminsi itanu, harimo igihe kingana n’iminsi mirongo itatu kigereranya umumarayika wa kabiri.

Ikimenyetso cya mbere cy’“iminsi itatu ikurikiwe n’itanu” ni marayika wa mbere, iminsi mirongo itatu ni marayika wa kabiri, kandi ikimenyetso cya kabiri cy’“iminsi itatu ikurikiwe n’itanu” ni marayika wa gatatu. Izo ntambwe eshatu zikubiyemo igihe cyose cya Pentekote kugeza kuri Pentekote, ari na ho hatangira iminsi irindwi y’umunsi mukuru w’Ingando, igereranya isukwa ry’imvura y’itumba mu gihe cy’ibibazo by’itegeko ryo ku Cyumweru, bitangirira ku itegeko ryo ku Cyumweru muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika kandi bikomeza kugeza igihe Mikayeli ahagurukiye maze igihe cy’igeragezwa cy’umuntu kigafungwa. Imiterere yabyo ni iy’Imana, ariko itanga ibintu bimwe bikomeye cyane bigomba kwitabwaho.

## Ibyo Kwitonderwaho Byimbitse

Biragaragara ko ikimenyetso cy’inzira kigereranywa n’“impanda, kuzamurwa no gucirwaho iteka” ari cyo kigeragezo nyamukuru n’icya gatatu. Kandi kigeragezo cya gatatu buri gihe ni cyo kigeragezo nyamukuru, aho imico igaragarizwa, ariko ntijya ihakulirwa.

> “Imico igaragazwa n’ikigeragezo. Igihe ijwi riranguruye kandi rivugana ubwira ryatangazaga mu gicuku riti: ‘Dore umukwe araje; nimusohoke mumusanganire,’ inkumi zari zisinziriye zarakangutse ziva mu bitotsi byazo, maze biragaragara uwari wariteguye kuri icyo gikorwa. Impande zombi zafashwe zitunguranye, ariko rumwe rwari rwiteguye icyo gihe cy’amage, urundi ruboneka rudafite uko rwiteguye. Imico igaragazwa n’imimerere y’ibintu. Ibihe by’amage bishyira ahagaragara ubwiza nyakuri bw’imico. Ibyago bimwe bibaho bitunguranye kandi bitari byitezwe, gupfusha, cyangwa ikigeragezo, indwara itunguranye cyangwa umubabaro ukomeye, ikintu icyo ari cyo cyose gishyira ubugingo imbonankubone n’urupfu, kizagaragaza ukuri kw’imbere kw’imico. Bizahishurwa niba koko hariho kwizera nyakuri mu masezerano y’Ijambo ry’Imana cyangwa se nta ko kuri. Bizahishurwa niba ubugingo bushingwa n’ubuntu, niba mu rwabya harimo amavuta ajyana n’itara.”

> “Ibihe byo kugeragezwa bigera kuri bose. Twitwara dute mu gihe turi mu igerageza no mu kugerwa n’Imana? Mbese amatabaza yacu arazima? Cyangwa se turacyayakomeza yaka? Mbese twiteguye buri ngorane yose bitewe n’isano dufitanye na We wuzuye ubuntu n’ukuri? Ba bakobwa batanu b’abanyabwenge ntibashoboraga guha ba bakobwa batanu b’abapfapfa imico yabo. Imico igomba kuremwa na buri wese ku giti cye.” Review and Herald, October 17, 1895.

Iyo nziramurya y’umunsi mukuru w’amakondera igeze, imico yawe ihita ishyirwaho ikimenyetso ubuziraherezo, ukazamurwa nk’ibendera, kandi ibyaha byawe bigahanagurwa ubuziraherezo. Intambwe eshatu zigereranya ibice bitatu by’ishyirwaho ry’ikimenyetso. Ukuza kw’ubutumwa bw’Imborogo yo mu Gicuku kugaragaza abafite amavuta n’abazamurwa nk’ibendera, mu gihe ibyaha byabo bivanwaho. Ubutumwa, umurimo, n’ikimenyetso byose ni nziramurya imwe. Ni nziramurya “ihagarika ubugingo amaso ku rupfu” kubera “amakuba atunguranye.” Ihembe rya Isilamu rigereranya ayo “makuba atunguranye.” Muri icyo gihe, ubutumwa bugira buti, “Dore Umukwe araje,” bukavugwa mbere y’iminsi itanu ngo itegeko ryo ku Cyumweru rigereho, aho ubutumwa buhindukira bukaba induru iranguruye ya marayika wa gatatu.

Intambwe eshatu z’icyitonderwa z’inzira ni ibice biranga ishyirwaho ikimenyetso no kuzamurwa kw’abihumbi ijana na mirongo ine na bine, mbere gato y’itegeko ryo ku Cyumweru. Biragaragara ko igipimo cy’igerageza cya “amakondera, ukuzamuka no guca urubanza” cyagaragajwe n’iteraniro ry’i Exeter. Iminsi itanu iri hagati y’Umunsi w’Impongano na Pentekote ishushanya iminsi mirongo itandatu n’itandatu iri hagati y’iherezo ry’iteraniro ry’i Exeter ku wa 17 Kanama kugeza ku wa 22 Ukwakira 1844, igihe umuryango wafungwaga. Iyo minsi mirongo itandatu n’itandatu yo mu mateka y’Abamillerite irimo kwerekana iminsi ya nyuma, kandi muri urwo rwego, irimo kwerekana itangazwa ry’ubutumwa bw’Induru yo mu Gicuku n’abihumbi ijana na mirongo ine na bine.

Iminsi itanu ibanziriza Pentekote ihura n’iminsi mirongo itandatu n’itandatu Abamilerite bamaze batangaza ubutumwa bwo Gutaka kwa Saa Sita z’Ijoro, nabwo bwari bwarashushanyijwe no kwinjira kwa Kristo i Yerusalemu afite intsinzi. Intambwe ya mbere muri eshatu ni umunsi mukuru w’amakondera, ari wo kondera ya karindwi, cyangwa ishyano rya gatatu, cyangwa Isilamu yo mu minsi y’imperuka, kandi mbere y’uko Kristo yinjirana intsinzi i Yerusalemu habanje kubohorwa indogobe.

Mu buryo bw’ubuhanuzi, ibi bigaragaza ko kudohora indogobe kuranga itangira ryo kwinjira kw’intsinzi, ari ryo Gutaka kwa Saa Sita z’Ijoro. Ubuhanuzi bwa Bibiliya bugomba gukoreshwa mu minsi ya nyuma ku bwami bwa gatandatu bw’ubuhanuzi bwa Bibiliya—inyamaswa yo ku butaka, Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika. Isilamu izatera Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, nk’uko yabigenje ku wa 11 Nzeri, bityo irange itangira ry’itangazwa ry’Ugutaka kwa Saa Sita z’Ijoro ikoresheje igitero gikomeye kuri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika giturutse kuri Isilamu, ndetse irangize n’itangazwa ry’Ugutaka kwa Saa Sita z’Ijoro ikoresheje ikindi gitero gikomeye kuri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika giturutse kuri Isilamu, kuko Yesu buri gihe yerekana iherezo ry’ikintu akoresheje intangiriro y’ikintu.

Ubutumwa bwa Pentekote ni bwo butumwa bw’ijwi riranguruye, kandi ijwi riranguruye ni ukwiyongera gusa k’ubutumwa bw’Imiborogo yo mu gicuku. Mu mateka y’Abamilerite, Imiborogo yo mu gicuku yarangiye igihe urugi rwakingwaga ku wa 22 Ukwakira 1844, kandi izarangira igihe urugi ruzakingirwa ku itegeko ryo ku Cyumweru mu minsi iheruka. Kuri Pentekote Petero yamamaje ubutumwa bwa Yoweli, kandi Pentekote ni iherezo rya omega ry’Imiborogo yo mu gicuku, bityo Petero, ari we ntangiriro ya alpha y’Imiborogo yo mu gicuku, na we ku bw’ubuhanuzi byanze bikunze agomba kuba atanga ubutumwa bwa Yoweli. Mu Miborogo yo mu gicuku, Petero ari mu Byakozwe n’Intumwa igice cya kabiri, mu cyumba cyo hejuru mu isaha ya gatatu, hanyuma kuri uwo munsi nyine mu isaha ya cyenda akaba ari mu rusengero yamamaza ubutumwa bwa Yoweli.

Petero ni ikimenyetso cy’abanyagihumbi ijana na mirongo ine na bine kuri Pentekote, ari ho iherezo ry’Induru yo mu Gicuku, kandi ni ikimenyetso cy’abanyagihumbi ijana na mirongo ine na bine ku ntangiriro y’Induru yo mu Gicuku. Gushyirwaho ikimenyetso no guhagurutswa kw’abanyagihumbi ijana na mirongo ine na bine bitangirana no kubohorwa kw’indogobe igihe Isilamu ikubita. Igihe aba-Millerite bavaga mu nama y’inkambi ya Exeter, bajyanye ubutumwa nk’umuraba ukomeye cyane, kandi mu buryo bw’ikigereranyo bagereranyaga abanyagihumbi ijana na mirongo ine na bine bazasubiramo iyo mibereho.

Iyi mikoreshereze irushaho kuba ikomeye iyo umaze kumenya ko Petero ahagarariye abamamamaza ubutumwa bw’Induru yo mu Gicuku ku kigeragezo cya litimusi no ku kigeragezo cya gatatu cy’igihe cya Pentekote. Isaha ya gatatu ya Petero kuri Pentekote imushyira mu cyumba cyo hejuru, kandi icyo cyumba cyo hejuru na cyo ni ya minsi icumi ibanziriza Pentekote. Ikigeragezo cya kabiri cy’igihe cya Pentekote ni ikigeragezo cy’iminsi mirongo itatu cyo mu rusengero gikurikira ikigeragezo cy’ifatizo. Ikigeragezo cya kabiri cyo mu rusengero gisaba abizerwa kwinjirana kwizera Ahera Cyane, aho ibyaha byabo bihanagurirwa, kandi aho bicazwa ku bwo kwizera hamwe na Kristo ahantu ho mu ijuru. Igitabo cy’Ibyakozwe n’Intumwa kitumenyesha ko Petero yatangiye ikibwiriza cye gishingiye ku gitabo cya Yoweli ku isaha ya gatatu mu cyumba cyo hejuru, hanyuma ku isaha ya cyenda yari mu rusengero.

> Ariko Petero, ahagaze hamwe n’abo cumi n’umwe, arangurura ijwi, arababwira ati: Yemwe bagabo b’i Yudaya, namwe mwese mutuye i Yerusalemu, ibi nimubimenye, kandi mutege amatwi amagambo yanjye; kuko aba batasinze nk’uko mubitekereza, kuko ari isaha ya gatatu y’umunsi gusa. Ahubwo ibi ni byo byavuzwe n’umuhanuzi Yoweli. … Nuko Petero na Yohana bazamukana bajya mu rusengero mu isaha yo gusenga, ari yo saha ya cyenda. Ibyakozwe n’Intumwa 2:14–16; 3:1.

Kristo yabambishirijwe ku musaraba ku isaha ya gatatu, kandi apfa ku isaha ya cyenda. Urupfu rwe, ugushyingurwa kwe n’izuka rye ni ikimenyetso kimwe cy’inzira gifite intambwe eshatu. Intambwe ya gatatu, umunsi w’imbuto z’itangiriro, ni wo utangira iminsi mirongo itanu irangirira kuri Pentekote. Mu ntangiriro y’igihe cya Pentekote, isaha ya gatatu n’isaha ya cyenda zigaragaza itandukaniro risobanutse, kuko Kristo yari akiri muzima ku isaha ya gatatu, ariko yari yapfuye ku isaha ya cyenda. Petero yari mu cyumba cyo hejuru ku isaha ya gatatu, kandi yari mu rusengero ku isaha ya cyenda.

Igihe cya Pentekote cy’iminsi mirongo itanu yera mu gihe cya Kristo cyari igihe cyera cy’ubuhanuzi cyari gihuriyeho by’ako kanya n’ubuhanuzi bw’imyaka ibihumbi bibiri na magana atatu. By’umwihariko cyari gifitanye isano n’icyumweru cya nyuma cy’imyaka magana ane na mirongo icyenda cyagenewe ishyanga ry’Abayahudi muri Daniyeli icyenda. Icyo cyumweru cyera Kristo yemejemo isezerano cyagabanyijwemo ibihe bibiri bingana, bya minsi y’ubuhanuzi 1,260. Umutima w’icyo cyumweru wari umusaraba. Umusaraba ugaragaza isaha ya gatatu n’isaha ya cyenda, kandi Petero kuri Pentekote na we abigenza atyo. Mu mwaka wa 34, ku iherezo ry’icyo cyumweru cyera nyine, igihe Koruneliyo yoherezaga guhamagaza Petero i Kayisariya Maritima, yari isaha ya cyenda.

> Mu Kayisariya hari umuntu witwaga Koruneliyo, umutware w’abasirikare ijana wo mu mutwe witwaga umutwe w’Abataliyani; yari umuntu wubaha Imana, akaba n’uyitinya we n’abo mu nzu ye bose; yagiriraga abantu ubuntu bwinshi, agahora asenga Imana. Abona mu iyerekwa, nk’isaa cyenda z’amanywa y’ihangu, marayika w’Imana yinjiye aho ari, aramubwira ati: Koruneliyo. Amwitegereje, aterwa ubwoba, aravuga ati: Ni iki, Mwami? Aramubwira ati: Amasengesho yawe n’ubuntu bwawe bizamutse biba urwibutso imbere y’Imana. Noneho ohereza abantu i Yopa, utumize Simoni witwa Petero. Ibyakozwe 10:1–5.

Bukeye bwaho, Petero azamuka ku gisenge cyo hejuru ajya gusenga nk’isaha ya gatandatu.

> Bukeye bwaho, igihe bari bakiri mu rugendo begereza umudugudu, Petero azamuka ku gisenge cy’inzu gusenga, ahagana isaha ya gatandatu. Arasonza cyane, yifuza kurya; ariko mu gihe bateguraga ibyokurya, agwa mu iyerekwa, maze abona ijuru rikingutse, n’ikintu kimanuka kiza aho ari, gisa n’igitambaro kinini gifatiye ku mfuruka enye, kimanurirwa ku isi. Muri cyo harimo amoko yose y’inyamaswa z’amaguru ane zo ku isi, n’inyamaswa z’inkazi, n’ibikururuka hasi, n’inyoni zo mu kirere. Hanyuma ijwi rimubwira riti: “Haguruka, Petero; ubage, urye.” Ariko Petero aravuga ati: “Oya, Mwami; kuko ntarigera ndya ikintu na kimwe gihumanye cyangwa kidakwiriye.” Iryo jwi ryongera kumubwira ubwa kabiri riti: “Ibyo Imana yejeje, weho ntukabyite ibidakwiriye.” Ibyo byabaye gatatu; maze cya kintu gisubizwa mu ijuru. Ibyakozwe n’Intumwa 10:9–16.

Uhamagarirwa kwa Petero kuza i Kayisariya kuba ku isaha ya cyenda, ubwo umumarayika aza kuvugana na Koruneliyo. Koruneliyo ahagarariye abandi bana b’Imana bahamagarirwa gusohoka i Babuloni igihe cy’itegeko ryo ku Cyumweru. Umumarayika uza mu gihe cy’itegeko ryo ku Cyumweru ni ijwi rya kabiri ryo mu Ibyahishuwe cumi n’umunani, rihamagarira abakiri i Babuloni guhunga. Petero ni ibihumbi ijana na mirongo ine na bine, kandi Koruneliyo ni abakozi b’isaha ya cumi n’imwe, bahagarariwe kuri Petero nk’inyamaswa zihumanye. Isano riri hagati ya Petero na Koruneliyo ni isano ryo mu Ibyahishuwe birindwi, aho ibihumbi ijana na mirongo ine na bine bigaragazwa bifatanyijwe n’imbaga y’abantu benshi. Petero yategetswe incuro eshatu guhaguruka, kubaga no kurya. Nk’ibihumbi ijana na mirongo ine na bine, umuhamagaro uturutse kuri Koruneliyo ni ho ikimenyetso gitegekwa guhaguruka.

Koruneliyo ari i Kayisariya Maritima, rimwe na rimwe ikitwa Kayisariya yo ku nyanja. Ibyahishuwe igice cya cumi na karindwi bitumenyesha ko “amazi” “ari abantu n’amakoraniro y’abantu n’amahanga n’indimi.” Ayo mazi ni abari hanze y’itorero ry’Imana, kandi mu Ibyahishuwe kimwe no mu iyerekwa rya Petero ry’inyamaswa zihumanye, umubare kane ugereranya isi yose. Mu iyerekwa rya Petero harimo inyamaswa enye z’ubwoko butandukanye, kandi zimanurwa mu gishura gifatiwe ku mfuruka zacyo enye. Isano iri hagati ya Petero na Koruneliyo nayo ishushanywa na Nowa n’inyamaswa zinjiye mu nkuge.

Petero yari i Yopa, risobanurwa ngo “hirabagirana kandi ni heza,” kuko, nk’ikimenyetso cy’abihumbi ijana na mirongo ine na bine, Petero ari ibendera rirabagirana kandi ryiza ku Banyamahanga. Isaha ya cyenda, Abanyamahanga bakangukira ku ibendera Sister White agaragaza ko ari Isabato, amategeko y’Imana, ubutumwa bw’umumarayika wa gatatu, n’abamisiyoneri bo hirya no hino ku isi bitwaza ubutumwa bw’iminsi ya nyuma. Koruneliyo yakanguriwe kuri iryo bendera igihe marayika yageraga ku isaha ya cyenda i Kayisariya ku nyanja. Bityo rero, ubutumwa bwo ku Cyumweru cy’amategeko yo ku Isabato cya Pentekote buherako bujya ku isi—inyanja.

Kuzamurwa kw’ibendera na ko kugaragazwa nk’uko inzu y’Uwiteka izamurwa ikaruta imisozi; kandi Petero yarimo asengera hejuru ku gisenge cy’umurwa mwiza urabagirana wa Yopa, mu isaha ya gatandatu, mbere gato y’itegeko ryo ku Cyumweru ryo mu isaha ya cyenda. Igihe abo ibihumbi ijana na mirongo ine na bine bazaba bashyizweho ikimenyetso, imimerere y’akaga kari mu isi izakurura abandi bana b’Imana bakiri i Babuloni gushaka umucyo. Bayoborwa gushaka Petero hejuru ku nzu i Yopa.

Petero na we yari i Kayisariya ya Filipo muri Matayo cumi n’itandatu. Kayisariya ya Filipo, iri munsi y’Umusozi Herumoni, yari ifite izina rimwe na Kayisariya yo ku nyanja, ariko zari zifite itandukaniro rigaragara kuko umwe wari umugi wo ku butaka undi ukaba uwo ku nyanja. Kubambwa kwa Kristo ku isaha ya gatatu no gupfa Kwe ku isaha ya cyenda bigaragaza itandukaniro risobanutse ry’ubugingo n’urupfu. Petero ku munsi wa Pentekote, ku isaha ya gatatu n’iya cyenda, agaragaza itandukaniro risobanutse riva mu cyumba cyo hejuru rigera mu rusengero. Kayisariya yo ku butaka cyangwa Kayisariya yo ku nyanja bigereranya itandukaniro rya gihanuzi rikenewe ry’isaha ya gatatu n’iya cyenda, ariko nta cyerekezo gitaziguye ku isaha ya gatatu igihe Petero yari i Kayisariya ya Filipo. Ku buhamya bw’ababiri cyangwa batatu ni ho ikintu gishyirwaho; kandi ku isaha ya gatatu n’iya cyenda by’umusaraba, no ku munsi wa Pentekote, ibyo bishushanyo byombi bigaragazwa n’umuntu umwe, haba Kristo ari muzima cyangwa ari mu mva, cyangwa Petero ari mu cyumba cyo hejuru cyangwa mu rusengero.

Ubuhamya bwa gatatu bw’isaha ya gatatu n’iya cyenda mu Kayisariya zombi bugaragaza Petero nk’umuntu w’ibanze muri ibyo bihe byombi, nk’uko Kristo yari uwo mu ntangiriro y’igihe cya Pentekote, na Petero akaza kuba uwo ku iherezo ry’icyo gihe nyine. Imico ya alfa y’isaha ya gatatu ni yo imwe n’imico ya omega y’isaha ya cyenda, bityo igatanga umuhamya umwe ko Kayisariya ya Filipo ari yo alfa muri Kayisariya zombi. Umuhamya wa kabiri ni uko amazina y’iyo mijyi yombi ari amwe, bityo izina ry’umuntu w’ibanze n’izina ry’umujyi bikaba ari bimwe. Umuhamya wa gatatu ni ugushyira mu buryo bunyuranye ubutaka n’inyanja. Igihe Petero yari i Kayisariya ya Filipo, yari isaha ya gatatu. Aha ni ho ubutumwa burushaho kuba ubukomeye.

Ni byo guhuza imigi ibiri ifite izina rimwe, kandi ni cyo turimo gukora, ariko kandi turimo no kwinjiza isaha ya gatatu n’iya cyenda mu ishyirwa mu bikorwa dushingiye ku buhamya bwa Kristo ku musaraba n’ubwa Petero kuri Pentekote. Mu guhuriza hamwe iyo mirongo itatu; isaha ya gatatu n’iya cyenda bya Kristo, n’isaha ya gatatu n’iya cyenda bya Petero kuri Pentekote—dushyiraho isaha ya gatatu i Kayisariya ya Filipo. Uwo mwandamo nyakuri w’ubuhanuzi ni wo ugomba no gukoreshwa kuri Koruneliyo ku isaha ya cyenda, Petero ku isaha ya gatandatu, hanyuma Petero i Kayisariya ya Filipo ku isaha ya gatatu.

Petero ari ku bimenyetso byose uko ari bitatu, Koruneliyo na we ari kumwe na Petero ku isaha ya gatandatu n’iya cyenda, ariko si ku ya gatatu i Kayisariya ya Filipo. Uwo murongo urahuzwa, kuko buri ntambwe ihura n’isaha ya gatatu, iya gatandatu, n’iya cyenda uko zikurikirana, uhereye i Kayisariya ya Filipo ukajya i Yopa, ukagera i Kayisariya Maritima. Kayisariya zombi zari zifitanye imizi y’umuco n’Ubugereki n’Umuroma, ariko umwihariko wa Kayisariya ya Filipo wari uko yari ishusho y’ubupagani bwa kure kandi bw’amayobera, naho Kayisariya yo ku nyanja ikaba yari ikigo cy’ubucuruzi n’ubutegetsi, gihuza umuco w’Ubugereki n’imiyoborere y’Abaroma. Kayisariya ya Filipo yari ikimenyetso cy’ubukorikori bw’itorero, naho Kayisariya Maritima ikaba ikimenyetso cy’ubukorikori bwa leta.

Mu murongo uva i Kayisariya ujya i Kayisariya, Yopa ni intambwe yo hagati mu ntambwe eshatu. Izo ntambwe eshatu zigereranywa n’isaha ya gatatu, iya gatandatu n’iya cyenda. Kayisariya yo ku nyanja ku isaha ya cyenda ni itegeko ryo ku Cyumweru, ubwo ubutumwa bwiza bugera ku Banyamahanga. Amasaha atatu mbere y’aho, ku isaha ya gatandatu, Petero ari i Yopa, umurwa urabagirana kandi umurika. Andi masaha atatu mbere y’ibyo, Petero ari ku munsi mukuru w’Amakondera ku isaha ya gatatu. Kayisariya ujya i Kayisariya ni igihe cy’Induru yo mu Gicuku. Petero agereranya abatangaza Induru yo mu Gicuku uhereye ku ntangiriro kugeza ku iherezo, kuko Yesu buri gihe ahuza intangiriro n’iherezo. Induru yo mu Gicuku itangirira aho indogobe ibohorwa ku kimenyetso cy’inzira cy’umunsi mukuru w’Amakondera, aho Petero atangaza ubutumwa bwa Yoweli.

Peter ari ku kimenyetso cy’inzira y’intambwe eshatu cy’umunsi mukuru w’amakondera, ari wo kuzamurwa, hagakurikiraho urubanza. Kuri icyo kimenyetso cy’inzira muri Matayo cumi na gatandatu, havugwa ikibazo cyerekeye uwo Kristo yari We. Izina rya Petero rihindurwa, kandi Kristo avuga ko ari kuri urwo Rutare azubakaho Itorero rye. Urutare urusengero rwubatsweho ni urufatiro, kandi Petero i Kayisariya ya Filipo ni ubutumwa bw’umumarayika wa mbere, ari bwo butumwa bw’ifatizo. Igihe Petero ageze ku ntambwe ikurikiyeho, i Yopa, arazamurwa nk’uko Kristo yazamuwe ku iherezo ry’iminsi mirongo ine y’inyigisho zo kubonana imbonankubone. Kuzamurwa na ko ni ishusho ihwanye n’umusaraba, ikimenyetso nyamukuru cy’amateka y’agakiza; kandi umusaraba ugabanyijemo ibice bibiri, hamwe n’abajura babiri, gutabuka kw’umwenda ukingiriza Ahera Cyane, n’umwijima n’amasaha.

> Kuva ku isaha ya gatandatu, umwijima utwikira igihugu cyose ugeze ku isaha ya cyenda. Ahagana ku isaha ya cyenda Yesu arangurura ijwi rirenga, ati: Eli, Eli, lama sabachthani? Bisobanurwa ngo: Mana yanjye, Mana yanjye, ni iki gitumye untererana? Matayo 27:45, 46.

I Yopa, ku isaha ya gatandatu, Petero ari ahantu h’uguhagarara hwa gihanuzi hagabanya ibintu, hagati y’abarimbuka n’abakizwa, hagati y’umucyo n’umwijima, no hagati y’itangira n’iherezo ry’Induru yo mu Gicuku. Uko gucikamo kabiri gushimangira ihinduka ry’umutwe wa Lawodikiya w’abanyamihumbi ijana na mirongo ine na bane ugana ku mutwe wa Filadelifiya w’abanyamihumbi ijana na mirongo ine na bane. Kugaragaza ukwanga burundu Itorero ry’Abadiventisiti b’Umunsi wa Karindwi rya Lawodikiya. Uwo muryango w’urubanza wafunzwe ugereranywa n’Umunsi w’Impongano uza iminsi itanu mbere y’itegeko ryo ku Cyumweru rya Pentekote. Urwo rubanza rubanzirizwa no kuzamurwa, kandi mbere y’ibyo hakabaho ubutumwa bw’impanda. Izo ntambwe eshatu zigereranya ikimenyetso cy’inzira aho ikimenyetso cy’Imana gishyirwa, kandi ubutumwa bw’Induru yo mu Gicuku bugatangazwa n’itorero rinyeshya ku bahagarariwe na Koruneliyo.

Petero atangaza ubutumwa kuri Pentekote, kandi Pentekote iranga iherezo ry’ubutumwa bw’Imborogo yo mu Gicuku. Bityo rero, kubera ngombwa kwo mu buhanuzi, ni ngombwa ko Petero na we atangaza ubutumwa mu itangiriro ry’igihe cy’Imborogo yo mu Gicuku. Intangiriro ihora ishushanya iherezo. Ubutumwa bwa Petero bw’Imborogo yo mu Gicuku buhabwa imbaraga igihe indogobe ya Isilamu ibohowe maze igatera Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, nk’uko yongeye kubikora no ku cyumweru cy’itegeko. Kuba Petero atangaza ubutumwa ku isaha ya gatatu n’iya cyenda za Pentekote bigaragaza intangiriro n’iherezo by’Imborogo yo mu Gicuku.

Mu murongo turimo kureba, iminsi mirongo ine irangirira ku izamurwa rya Kristo, ni na yo kandi itangiza iminsi icumi yo mu cyumba cyo hejuru. Ku munsi wa gatanu muri iyo minsi icumi, Umunsi w’Impongano ugaragaza ko ibyaha bya Isirayeli byahanaguweho, kandi ko itorero ryiteguye. Byari mu isaha ya gatatu ubwo Petero yari mu cyumba cyo hejuru kuri Pentekote. Mu isaha ya cyenda y’itegeko ryo ku Cyumweru, ubutumwa buhinduka buva ku ryo mu gicuku bukajya ku gutaka kuranguruye.

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to=final code: Kwamamaza Kwamamazaassistant to=final code: Kwamamaza Kwamamazaassistant to=final code: Kwamamaza Kwamamazaassistant to=final code: Kwamamaza Kwamamazaassistant to=final code: Kwamamaza Kwamamazaassistant to=final code: Kwamamaza Kwamamazaassistant to=final code: Kwamamaza Kwamamazaassistant to=final code: Kwamamaza Kwamamazaassistant to=final code: Kwamamaza Kwamamazaassistant to=final code: Kwamamaza Kwamamazaassistant to=final code: Kwamamaza Kwamamazaassistant to=final code: Kwamamaza Kwamamazaassistant to=final code: Kwamamaza Kwamamazaassistant to=final code: Kwamamaza Kwamamaza ubutumwa bw’Amatabaza ya Saa Sita ya Nijoro bukorwa na Petero igihe ari mu isaha ya gatatu. Ubutumwa bw’uwo mwanya burangwa n’umunsi mukuru w’impanda, igihe indogobe ibohowe, kandi bukarangwa na Kayisariya ya Filipo; kandi Kayisariya ya Filipo ni na Paniyumu. Paniyumu igaragazwa mu mirongo ya cumi n’itatu kugeza ku wa cumi n’itanu yo muri Daniyeli 11. Petero ntiyerekana gusa igitero cya kisilamu cyagabwe kuri Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika igihe indogobe ibohowe mu ntangiriro yo gutangaza ubutumwa bw’Amatabaza ya Saa Sita ya Nijoro, ahubwo icyarimwe Petero aba no mu ntambara ya Paniyumu iganisha ku itegeko ryo ku Cyumweru. Intambara ya Paniyumu ni igikorwa kibangikanye n’igitero cya kisilamu cyagabwe kuri Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika.

Tuzakomeza ibyo bintu mu ngingo ikurikira.

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