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# Igitabo cya Daniyeli — Umubare wa Makumyabiri n’Itanu

Ihishurwa ry’Uko Babuloni Yagabanutse: Umurongo w’Ubuhanuzi Uva kuri Nebukadinezari Ugera kuri Belushazari

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Jeff Pippenger

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December 20, 2023

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Kugwa kwa Belushazari mu gice cya gatanu kwari kwaragereranyijwe mbere n’ukwa Nebukadinezari mu gice cya kane.

> “Ku mwami wa nyuma wa Babuloni, nk’uko byari bimeze mu kimenyetso ku wa mbere wawo, ni ho hageze iteka ry’Umurinzi w’Imana riti: ‘Wa mwami we, ... ni wowe babwiye; ubwami bukuvuyeho.’ Daniyeli 4:31.” Abahanuzi n’Abami, 533.

Nebukadinezari ahagarariye intangiriro, na Belushazari ahagarariye iherezo ry’ubwami bwategetse imyaka mirongo irindwi, bityo bukaba bwarashushanyaga ingoma y’inyamaswa yo ku isi ivugwa mu Byahishuwe igice cya cumi na gatatu (Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika), yagombaga gutegeka mu gihe maraya w’i Tiro (ubupapa) yari yaribagiranye.

> Kandi bizasohora muri uwo munsi, Tiro izibagirana imyaka mirongo irindwi, nk’uko iminsi y’umwami umwe ingana; hanyuma, imyaka mirongo irindwi nirangira, Tiro izaririmba nk’indaya. Yesaya 23:15.

Nuko Nebukadinezari ahagarariye intangiriro ya Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, kandi Belushazari ahagarariye iherezo rya Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika. Nebukadinezari ahagarariye intangiriro y’ihembe rya Repubulikani n’intangiriro y’ihembe rya Porotesitanti. Belushazari ahagarariye iherezo ry’ihembe rya Repubulikani n’irya Porotesitanti.

Urubanza rwamanuriwe Nebukadinezari rwari “ibihe birindwi.” Inkuru ya Nebukadinezari yo kubaho nk’inyamaswa mu minsi ibihumbi bibiri magana atanu na makumyabiri, yakoreshejwe na William Miller mu ishyirwa mu bikorwa rye ry’“ibihe birindwi” byo mu Balewi makumyabiri na batandatu, nubwo atigeze asuzuma ya minsi ibihumbi bibiri magana atanu na makumyabiri, ari yo ishushanywa mu rubanza rwa Belushazari.

> Kandi ibi ni ko inyandiko yari yanditswe ngo: MENE, MENE, TEKEL, UFARUSINI. Kandi uku ni ko gusobanura kw’icyo kintu: MENE; Imana ibaze ubwami bwawe, kandi ibusoje. TEKEL; wapimiwe ku bipimo, usangwamo uburemere buke. PERES; ubwami bwawe bugabanijwemo ibice, kandi buhawe Abamedi n’Abaperesi. Daniyeli 5:25–28.

Uretse ubusobanuro Daniyeli yahaye ya nyuguti z’amayobera zanditswe ku rukuta, amagambo “mene” na “tekel” asobanura urugero rw’uburemere, kandi ayo magambo anasobanura agaciro kihariye k’ifaranga (Kuva 30:13, Ezekiyeli 45:12). “Mene” ni shekeli mirongo itanu, cyangwa gerah igihumbi. Bityo rero “mene, mene” bingana na gerah ibihumbi bibiri. “Tekel” ni gerah makumyabiri. Ni cyo gituma “mene, mene, tekel” bingana na gerah ibihumbi bibiri na makumyabiri. “Upharsin” bisobanura “kugabanya,” bityo bikaba bishaka kuvuga kimwe cya kabiri cya “mene,” kandi bikagereranya gerah magana atanu. Bihurijwe hamwe bigatanga igiteranyo cya bibiri n’ibihumbi magana atanu na makumyabiri.

Aho aho Sister White agaragaza ko Belushazari yagereranyijwe na Nebukadinezari, ariko mu buryo bwihariye yashimangiye urubanza rwabo bombi, kandi izo manza zombi zigereranywa nk’ikimenyetso cy’“ibihe birindwi” byo mu Balewi makumyabiri na gatandatu. Hari amagambo make Ibyanditswe byera bikoresha mu kugaragaza “ibihe birindwi” byo mu Balewi makumyabiri na gatandatu. Yeremiya abyerekana nk’umujinya w’Imana.

> Mbega Uwiteka yatwikiriye umukobwa wa Siyoni igicu mu burakari bwe, akajugunya hasi ava mu ijuru ubwiza bwa Isirayeli, ntiyibuke intebe y’ibirenge bye ku munsi w’uburakari bwe! Uwiteka yamize ubuturo bwose bwa Yakobo, ntiyabagirira impuhwe; mu nikuzo rye yahiritse ibihome by’umukobwa wa Yuda; yabikubise hasi ku butaka; yahumanyije ubwami n’abatware babwo. Mu burakari bwe bukaze yatsembye ihembe ryose rya Isirayeli; yakuyeyo ukuboko kwe kw’iburyo imbere y’umwanzi, kandi yaka kuri Yakobo nk’umuriro ugurumana, ukongora impande zose. Yaretse umuheto we nk’umwanzi; yahagaze ukuboko kwe kw’iburyo nk’umurwanya, yica ibyari bishimisha ijisho byose mu ihema ry’umukobwa wa Siyoni; yasutse uburakari bwe nk’umuriro. Uwiteka yabaye nk’umwanzi: yamize Isirayeli, yamize ingoro zayo zose; yarimbuye ibihome byayo, kandi yongereye ku mukobwa wa Yuda icyunamo no kurira. Kandi yanyaze ihema rye n’urugomo, nk’aho ryari iry’ubusitani; yarimbuye ahantu h’iteraniro rye; Uwiteka yatumye iminsi mikuru n’amasabato byibagirana muri Siyoni, kandi asuzugura umwami n’umutambyi mu kurakara kw’uburakari bwe. Uwiteka yanze urutambiro rwe, agaya ahera he, ashyikiriza umwanzi inkuta z’ingoro zaho; bavugirije induru mu nzu y’Uwiteka, nk’iy’umunsi mukuru w’iteraniro. Uwiteka yagambiriye kurimbura urukuta rw’umukobwa wa Siyoni: yarutandukanije umugozi, ntiyakuyeyo ukuboko kwe kurimbura; ni cyo cyatumye urugabano n’urukuta bicura umuborogo; byombi byacitse intege icyarimwe. Amaganya 2:1–8.

Umujinya w’Uwiteka ugereranywa no “gukara k’umujinya we,” kandi umujinya we wasohorejwe ku bwami bwombi, ubw’Isirayeli bwo mu majyaruguru n’ubwo mu majyepfo. Ni yo mpamvu igitabo cya Daniyeli kigaragaza “uburakari” bwa “mbere” n’ubwa “nyuma.” Yeremiya agaragaza “umurongo” Uwiteka “yarambuye,” ubwo yakoreraga umujinya we ku bwoko bwe yitoranyirije. Uwo murongo na wo uvugwa mu gitabo cya kabiri cy’Abami.

> Nuko Uhoraho avugisha abagaragu be b’abahanuzi, ati: “Kubera ko Manase, umwami w’u Buyuda, yakoze ayo mahano y’ibizira, agacumura arusha ibyo Abamori bakoze byose, abamubanjirije, kandi agatesha n’u Buyuda gukora icyaha akoresheje ibigirwamana bye; ni cyo gitumye Uhoraho Imana ya Isirayeli avuga atya iti: Dore ngiye guteza i Yerusalemu n’u Buyuda ibyago bikomeye bene aka kageni, ku buryo uzabyumva wese amatwi ye yombi azavugiriza. Kandi nzarambura i Yerusalemu umugozi wapimye Samariya, n’urukururizo rwo mu nzu ya Ahabu; kandi nzahanagura Yerusalemu nk’uko umuntu ahanagura isahani, ayihanagura maze akayubika yubitse umutwe hasi. Kandi nzata abanditsi b’umurage wanjye nsigaranye, mbagabize mu maboko y’abanzi babo; na bo bazahinduka iminyago n’icyo kunyagwa n’abanzi babo bose.” 2 Abami 21:10–14.

“Umurongo” w’uburakari bw’Imana, ari wo “ibihe birindwi” bya Mose, wabanje kuramburwa ku bwami bwo mu majyaruguru (inzu ya Ahabu), hanyuma uramburwa no kuri Yuda. Irindi jambo rya Bibiliya ryerekeza ku “bihe birindwi,” rikomoka mu gitabo cy’Abalewi makumyabiri na gatandatu, ni ijambo “batatanyijwe”.

> Nuko nanjye nzabagendaho ndabarwanyije mu burakari; kandi jyewe ubwanjye nzabahana incuro ndwi ku bw’ibyaha byanyu. Muzarya inyama z’abahungu banyu, kandi n’inyama z’abakobwa banyu muzazirya. Kandi nzasenya ahantu hanyu hirengeye, ntemagure amashusho yanyu, njugunye intumbi zanyu ku ntumbi z’ibigirwamana byanyu; kandi umutima wanjye uzabanga. Kandi nzahindura imigi yanyu amatongo, maze ahera hanyu nyahindure amatongo; kandi sinzihumurirwa n’impumuro y’ibitambo byanyu bihumura neza. Kandi igihugu nzakigira umusaka; maze abanzi banyu bagituramo bazagitangarira. Kandi nzabatatanyiriza mu banyamahanga, kandi nzabakurikiranya inkota; maze igihugu cyanyu kizaba umusaka, n’imigi yanyu ibe amatongo. Icyo gihe ni bwo igihugu kizishimira amasabato yacyo, igihe cyose kizaba ari umusaka, namwe mukaba muri mu gihugu cy’abanzi banyu; koko icyo gihe igihugu kizaruhuka, kandi kizishimira amasabato yacyo. Igihe cyose kizaba ari umusaka kizaruhuka; kuko kitigeze kiruhuka mu masabato yanyu igihe mwagituragaho. Abalewi 26:28–35.

Gutatanywa mu mahanga y’abapagani kwasohoreye kuri Daniyeli igihe yajyanwaga i Babuloni ari imbata, mu bunyage bwa Yehoyakimu. Hanyuma, ubwo Daniyeli yari ari “mu gihugu cy’abanzi,” igihugu cyaruhutse kandi cyishimira “amasabato yacyo.” Igitabo cya Kabiri cy’Ibyo ku Ngoma kitumenyesha ko icyo gihe cyari imyaka mirongo irindwi ya Yeremiya, ari yo Daniyeli yaje kumenya mu gice cya cyenda.

> Nuko abari bacitse ku icumu abajyana i Babuloni; kandi babereye we n’abahungu be abagaragu kugeza ku ngoma y’ubwami bw’u Buperesi; kugira ngo ijambo ry’Uwiteka ryavugiwe mu kanwa ka Yeremiya risohore, kugeza igihe igihugu cyari kimariye kuruhuka amasabato yacyo; kuko igihe cyose cyari gitejejwe abantu cyakomeje kuruhuka isabato, kugira ngo imyaka mirongo irindwi isohore. Nuko mu mwaka wa mbere wa Kuro umwami w’u Buperesi, kugira ngo ijambo ry’Uwiteka ryavuzwe mu kanwa ka Yeremiya risohore, Uwiteka akangura umutima wa Kuro umwami w’u Buperesi, bituma atangaza itegeko mu bwami bwe bwose kandi arandika, ati: “Uku ni ko Kuro umwami w’u Buperesi avuga: Uwiteka Imana yo mu ijuru yampaye ubwami bwose bwo mu isi; kandi yantegetse kumwubakira inzu i Yerusalemu ho mu Buyuda. Ni nde muri mwe wo mu bwoko bwe bwose? Uwiteka Imana ye ibane na we, kandi azamuke.” 2 Ngoma 36:20–23.

Ijambo “gutatanya” ni ikimenyetso cy’“ibihe birindwi.” Urubanza rwa Nebukadinezari rw’“ibihe birindwi” rwo kubaho nk’inyamaswa, rwashushanyaga urubanza rwa Belushazari, nk’uko rwagaragajwe n’amagambo y’amayobera yari yanditswe ku rukuta ngo: “mene, mene, tekel upharsin.” Urubanza rwa Belushazari rwagaragajwe n’inyandiko y’ukuboko yari ingana na magana abiri na mirongo itanu na makumyabiri, ari na yo mibare y’iminsi Nebukadinezari yamaze abaho nk’inyamaswa, kandi ari na yo mibare y’imyaka ishushanywa n’“ibihe birindwi” byo mu Balewi makumyabiri na gatandatu.

Urubanza rwa Belushazari, rwashushanyijwe mbere n’urubanza rwa Nebukadinezari, rwagaragajwe mu buryo bw’ikigereranyo n’“ibihe birindwi,” kandi ayo manza yombi yagereranyaga “kugwa kwa Babuloni,” ari na cyo kimenyetso cy’ubutumwa bw’umumarayika wa kabiri. Kugwa kwa mbere kwa Babuloni kwabaye igihe umunara wa Nimurodi warimburwaga.

> Isi yose yari ifite ururimi rumwe n’imvugo imwe. Nuko, igihe bimukaga bava iburasirazuba, babona ikibaya mu gihugu cy’i Shinari; bahatura. Maze baravugana bati: Nimuze, duteke amatafari tuyoke neza rwose. Nuko amatafari ababera amabuye, ibumba ribabera isima. Bongera kuvuga bati: Nimuze, twiyubakire umudugudu n’umunara, impinga yawo izagere mu ijuru; kandi twiheshe izina, kugira ngo tutazatatanyirizwa hirya no hino ku isi yose. Uwiteka aramanuka kugira ngo arebe uwo mudugudu n’uwo munara abana b’abantu bubakaga. Maze Uwiteka aravuga ati: Dore, aba bantu ni umwe, kandi bose bafite ururimi rumwe; kandi ibi ni byo batangiye gukora; noneho nta cyo bazakoma imbere mu byo batekereje gukora. Nimuze, tumanuke tujahagarike ururimi rwabo, kugira ngo batongera kumva imvugo ya bagenzi babo. Nuko Uwiteka abatataniriza aho ku isi yose; maze bareka kubaka uwo mudugudu. Itangiriro 11:1–8.

Mu rubanza rw’i Babeli, ari na rwo rwari urubanza rwa Nimurodi, Uwiteka “yatatanirije” abigometse ba Nimurodi ku “buso bw’isi yose.” Nimurodi n’abo bari bafatanyije na we bari bazi ko ubugome bwabo bwari gutuma batatanywa, kuko bari baravuze ko impamvu yo kubaka uwo munara n’uwo mudugudu ari “ukwihesha izina, kugira ngo tudatatanywa ku buso bw’isi yose.”

Mu buryo bw’ubuhanuzi, “izina” ni ikimenyetso cy’imico. Imico Nimurodi n’abo bari bafatanyije bashyizeho igaragazwa n’imirimo yabo, kuko ari ku mbuto muzamenyera imico. Imbuto y’ubwigomeke bwa Nimurodi, bityo ikimenyetso cy’imico ye, yari ukubaka umunara n’umurwa. “Umunara” ni ikimenyetso cy’itorero, kandi “umurwa” ni ikimenyetso cy’igihugu. Izina ry’abigometse ba Nimurodi, rihagarariye imico yabo, ryari ihuriro ry’itorero n’igihugu, kandi na ryo rikaba rigereranywa mu buryo bw’ikimenyetso nk’ishusho ya ya nyamaswa.

Umurongo uvuga ku kugwa kwa Babeli urimo imvugo “ngaho” isubirwamo incuro eshatu. Incuro ya gatatu ni igihe Imana izanamo urubanza rwo kubavangira ururimi no kubatatanyiriza hirya no hino. “Ngaho” ya mbere yari ugutegura “ngaho” ya kabiri, igihe bubakaga umugi wabo n’umunara wabo. Bamaze kurangiza umurimo wabo mu mateka y’iyo mvugo ya kabiri ya “ngaho,” Imana yamanutse kugira ngo yirebere n’amaso yayo ubugome bwabo bwo kwigomeka. “Ngaho” ya gatatu yari urubanza, naho “ngaho” ya kabiri yari ikigeragezo kigaragara. “Ngaho” ya mbere ihagarariye kunanirwa kwabo kwa mbere, kandi mu buhanuzi, uko “ngaho” ivugwa incuro eshatu kugaragaza uburyo bw’ibigeragezo by’intambwe eshatu bw’ubutumwa bwiza bw’iteka ryose. Hari andi makuru menshi cyane mu buhamya bw’ubwigomeke bwa Nimurodi no kugwa kwe, ariko icyo turi gukora gusa ni ukwerekana ko ku ncuro ya mbere Babuloni (Babeli) yagwaga, ikimenyetso cya “karindwi,” nk’uko gihagarariwe no “gutatanywa,” kigaragazwa. Urubanza rwa Nimurodi rwahagarariwe no gutatanywa, urwa Nebukadinezari ruhagararirwa na “karindwi,” naho urwa Belushazari ruhagararirwa na “ibihumbi bibiri na magana atanu na makumyabiri”.

Ikimenyetso cy’Uwiteka wa Alufa na Omeganiga kigaragaza ko umurongo w’ubuhanuzi uhagarariwe n’ibice bya kane n’ibya gatanu, ari ubutumwa bw’imvura y’itumba y’inyuma bw’umumarayika wa kabiri n’Ubwoko bwo mu Gicuku. Uwo murongo utangirana no kugwa kwa Babuloni guhagarariwe na Nebukadinezari, ibyo bikagaragaza umwaka wa 1798, ari bwo Babuloni y’umwuka (ubupapa) yaguye ubwa mbere. Hanyuma ku iherezo ry’uwo murongo, Babuloni ya Belushazari iragwa, ibyo bikaba ikimenyetso cy’itangiriro ryo kugwa gukomeza kwa Babuloni y’umwuka (ubupapa na bwo), gutangira mu gihe cy’ihungabana ry’itegeko ry’icyumweru. Hariho abahamya babiri b’ukugwa kwa Babuloni mu ntangiriro z’uwo murongo, kandi hariho abahamya babiri ku iherezo ryawo. Ubwenge bw’ubuhanuzi bumenya ikimenyetso cy’Itangiriro n’Iherezo bikomeye, mu gihe bubona ingingo yo kugwa kwa Babuloni ihamywa n’abahamya bane muri uwo murongo uhagarariwe n’ibice bya kane n’ibya gatanu bya Daniyeli.

Mu isano ry’ishusho n’icyo ushushanya hagati ya Nebukadinezari na Belushazari, iyo rihujwe n’iminsi y’imperuka, tubona ya nyamaswa yo mu isi mu mimerere yayo imeze nk’umwana w’intama ihagarariwe na Nebukadinezari; hanyuma, iyo ivuze nk’ikiyoka, tukabona Belushazari. Tubona muri uwo mubano w’ubuhanuzi ihembe ry’Abarepubulikani riyoborwa n’Itegeko Nshinga rya Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika rihagarariwe na Nebukadinezari, n’ihirikwa ry’Itegeko Nshinga rihagarariwe na Belushazari. Tuzabona kandi Nebukadinezari nk’umwari w’umunyabwenge na Belushazari nk’umwari w’umupfu.

Mu ngingo ikurikira tuzakomeza gusuzuma Daniyeli igice cya kane n’icya gatanu.

> “Belushazari yari yarahawe amahirwe menshi yo kumenya no gukora ibyo Imana ishaka. Yari yarabonye sekuru Nebukadinezari yirukanwa mu mibereho y’abantu. Yari yarabonye ubwenge uwo mwami wibone wiratanaga buvanwaho n’Uwabumuhaye. Yari yarabonye umwami yirukanwa mu bwami bwe, agahindurwa mugenzi w’inyamaswa zo mu ishyamba. Ariko urukundo Belushazari yakundaga imyidagaduro no kwihesha ikuzo rwahanaguye mu mutima we amasomo atagombaga kwigera yibagirwa; kandi yakoze ibyaha bisa n’ibyazanye imanza zikomeye kuri Nebukadinezari. Yasesaguye amahirwe yari yarahawe ku bw’ubuntu, yirengagiza gukoresha amahirwe yari amuri hafi kugira ngo amenyane n’ukuri. “Nkore iki ngo nkizwe?” cyari ikibazo uwo mwami mukuru ariko w’umupfapfa yirengagije atabyitayeho.

> “Iyi ni yo kaga k’urubyiruko rw’iki gihe rutagira ubushishozi kandi rwihubuka. Ukuboko kw’Imana kuzakangura umunyabyaha nk’uko kwabikoreye Belushazari, ariko kuri benshi bizaba byarakererewe cyane kugira ngo bihane.

> “Umwami wa Babuloni yari afite ubutunzi n’icyubahiro, kandi mu kwishyira hejuru kwe kuzuyemo ubwibone yari yarishyize hejuru kurwanya Imana yo mu ijuru n’isi. Yari yariringiye ukuboko kwe bwite, adatekereza ko hagira n’umwe watinyuka kuvuga ati: ‘Ibi urimo gukora ni ibiki?’ Ariko ubwo ikiganza cy’amayobera cyandikaga inyuguti ku rukuta rw’ingoro ye, Belushazari yafashwe n’ubwoba araceceka. Mu kanya gato yambuwe rwose imbaraga ze kandi acishwa bugufi nk’umwana. Yamenye ko yari ari mu maboko y’Urisumba Belushazari. Yari amaze igihe akina n’ibintu byera. None umutimanama we urakangutse. Yamenye ko yari yarahawe umugisha wo kumenya no gukora ibyo Imana ishaka. Amateka ya sekuruza we yamubonekeye neza cyane imbere, nk’uko inyandiko yari ku rukuta yari igaragara neza.” Bible Echo, April 25, 1898.

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