Article

# Eliya — Umubare wa Cumi

1856

Author

Jeff Pippenger

Published

October 13, 2023

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Umuryango wa ba Millerite washushanyijwe muri Yesaya igice cya karindwi n’ubuhanuzi bw’imyaka mirongo itandatu n’itanu, bwatangiye mu mwaka wa 742 Mbere ya Kristo. Iyo myaka mirongo itandatu n’itanu yabayeho mu mateka ya Yesaya igereranya imyaka mirongo itandatu n’itanu yo kuva mu 1798 kugeza mu 1863. Alufa na Omega bizahora byerekana iherezo hamwe n’intangiriro. Ubuhanuzi bw’imyaka mirongo itandatu n’itanu bugaragaza umuvumo w’inshuro zirindwi uremereye ubwami bw’amajyaruguru n’ubw’amajyepfo bwa Isirayeli. Inshuro zirindwi za mbere ku bwami bw’amajyaruguru zatangiye mu 723 Mbere ya Kristo, nyuma y’imyaka cumi n’icyenda Yesaya amaze gushyikiriza umwami Ahazi ubwo buhanuzi. Inshuro zirindwi za nyuma ku bwami bw’amajyepfo zatangiye ku iherezo ry’iyo myaka mirongo itandatu n’itanu mu 677 Mbere ya Kristo.

Umuvumo wa mbere w’ibihe birindwi wahanishijwe Efurayimu warangiye mu 1798, ari na cyo gihe cy’imperuka ubwo iyerekwa ry’Uruzi Ulayi ryo muri Daniyeli igice cya munani n’icya cyenda ryakurwagaho ikimenyetso. Mu buryo bw’ubuhanuzi, ibyo byaranzwe no kuza k’ubutumwa bw’umumarayika wa mbere no gutangira k’umuryango w’Abamilerite mu buhanuzi. Umuvumo wa nyuma w’ibihe birindwi wahanishijwe Yuda warangiye mu 1844, ari bwo butumwa bw’umumarayika wa gatatu bwaje. Nyuma y’imyaka cumi n’icyenda, mu 1863, ya myaka mirongo itandatu n’itanu yari ihagarariwe mu itangiriro ry’ubuhanuzi yagaragaje iherezo ry’umuryango w’Abamilerite, n’itangiriro ry’itorero ry’Abadivantisiti b’Umunsi wa Karindwi ry’i Lawodikiya. Imyaka irindwi mbere ya 1863, mu 1856, James White yatangiye kugaragaza ko umuryango w’Abamilerite wari wararetse kuba itorero rya Filadelifiya, ahubwo ukaba warabaye itorero ry’i Lawodikiya. Umwuzukuru we, igihe yandikaga ubuzima bwa Ellen White, yanditse ibyerekeye amateka yo mu 1856, n’ubutumwa bw’i Lawodikiya.

## “Ubutumwa bugenewe i Lawodikiya”

> Abadiventisiti bubahiriza Isabato bari bafashe umwanzuro w’uko ubutumwa bwoherejwe amatorero arindwi yo mu Ibyahishuwe 2 na 3 bugaragaza imibereho n’ubunararibonye by’itorero rya Gikristo uko byagiye bikurikirana mu binyejana byinshi. Banzuye ko ubutumwa bwoherejwe itorero ry’i Lawodikiya bwerekeye abo icyo gihe bitaga Abadiventisiti b’izina gusa, ari bo batari baremeye Isabato y’umunsi wa karindwi. Mu nyandiko ngufi y’ubwanditsi yasohotse muri Review yo ku wa 9 Ukwakira, James White yagaragaje ibibazo bimwe bitera gutekereza, ibyo yatangije avuga ati:

> Ikibazo kiratangiye kongera kubazwa bundi bushya ngo: “Murinzi, ijoro rigeze he?” Ubu hari umwanya wo kubaza ibibazo bike gusa, bibajijwe kugira ngo byerekeze ibitekerezo ku ngingo bifitanye isano na yo. Twiringiye ko igisubizo cyuzuye kizahita gitangwa bidatinze.—Review and Herald, 9 Ukwakira 1856.

> “Mu bibazo cumi na kimwe yabajije, icya gatandatu ni cyo cyerekeje by’umwihariko ku b’i Lawodikiya.”

> “6. Mbese imimerere y’Abalawodikiya (akazuyazi, batari abakonje cyangwa ngo babe abashyuhe) ntigaragaza neza imimerere y’umubiri w’abavuga ko bemera ubutumwa bw’umumarayika wa gatatu?—Ibid.

> “Ikibazo cya nyuma gishyira ibintu ku mugaragaro:

> “11. Niba ari yo mimerere yacu nk’ubwoko, mbese dufite impamvu z’ukuri zatuma twiringira kugirirwa neza n’Imana keretse twumviye ‘inama’ y’Umuhamya W’ukuri? Ndakugira inama yo kunguraho izahabu yacishijwe mu muriro, kugira ngo ubone kuba umukire; n’imyenda yera, kugira ngo wambare, kandi isoni z’ubwambure bwawe zitagaragara; kandi usige amavuta ku maso yawe, kugira ngo ubashe kubona. Abo nkunda bose ndabacyaha kandi nkabahana: nuko rero gira umwete, kandi wihane. Dore mpagaze ku rugi ndakomanga: nihagira umuntu wumva ijwi ryanjye, agakingura urugi, nzinjira iwe, dusangire, we na njye. Uzanesha nzamuha kwicarana nanjye ku ntebe yanjye y’ubwami, nk’uko nanjye nanesheje, nkicarana na Data ku ntebe ye y’ubwami. Ibyahishuwe 3:18–21.—Ahandi havuzwe.”

> “Biragaragara ko ukuri kw’iki kibazo kwari kugitangira gusobanukira mu bwenge bwa James White. Igikurikira cy’ikinyamakuru Review cyasohotse gikubiyemo inyandiko y’inkingi ndwi yerekeye amatorero arindwi, ifite uwo mutwe. Mu magambo ye yo gutangiza yaravuze ati:”

> “Tugomba kwemera hamwe n’abasobanuzi bamwe bo muri iki gihe ko ayo matorero arindwi akwiriye gusobanurwa nk’ahagarariye imimerere irindwi y’Itorero rya Gikristo, mu bihe birindwi by’igihe, bikubiyemo urwego rwose rw’igihe cya Gikristo.—Ibid., 16 Ukwakira 1856.

> “Hanyuma afata ubuhanuzi, asuzuma buri torero ukwaryo. Ageze ku rya karindwi, irya Lawodikiya, aratangaza ati:

> Mbega ukuntu iyi mvugo ibabaje ivuga iri torero iducisha bugufi twe nk’ubwoko. Kandi se iyi mvugo iteye ubwoba si yo shusho itunganye rwose yerekana imimerere yacu ya none? Ni yo rwose; kandi kugerageza guhunga uburemere bw’ubu buhamya busesengura butangwa ku itorero ry’i Lawodikiya nta cyo byazamarira. Uwiteka adufashe kubwakira no kubyungukiramo.—Ibid.

> “Nyuma y’uko ahaye amakoroni abiri Itorero ry’i Lawodikiya, amagambo ye asoza yakoze ubujurire bukomeye:

> “Bene data bakundwa, tugomba kunesha isi, kamere k’umubiri, na Satani, bitaba bityo ntituzagira umugabane mu bwami bw’Imana.... Nimufatane uyu murimo ubudatebuka, kandi mu kwizera mwiyamaze amasezerano y’ubuntu yahawe Abalawodikiya bihannye. Muhaguruke mu izina ry’Umwami, kandi umucyo wanyu urabagirane ku bw’icyubahiro cy’izina rye rihawe umugisha.—Ibid.

> “Igisubizo cyavuye mu murima cyari gikangura cyane. G. W. Holt yanditse avuye muri Ohio ku wa 20 Ukwakira:

> “Yego, ndizera rwose ko twebwe turi mu butumwa bwa gatatu, dufite amategeko y’Imana no kwizera kwa Yesu, ari twe itorero iri jambo ribwirwa; kandi ntitwakwihutira birenze urugero gusaba izahabu yacishijwe mu ruganda n’umwambaro wera, n’umuti wo gusiga ku maso, kugira ngo tubone.—Ibid., 6 Ugushyingo, 1856.

> “Mu Majyaruguru y’Iburasirazuba humvikanye ijwi rishya kuri iyo ngingo, irya Stephen N. Haskell, wo i Princeton, Massachusetts. Kubera ko yari Umwadivantisiti w’umunsi wa mbere yari yaratangiye kubwiriza afite imyaka 20; none nyuma y’imyaka itatu yari ageze mu butumwa bw’umumarayika wa gatatu. Kubera ko yari umunyeshuri wa Bibiliya uhamye, amaze kubona inyandiko ngufi ya mbere ya White y’ubwanditsi yatangizaga ikibazo cy’amatorero arindwi, yahisemo kwandikira Review inyandiko ndende:”

> “Ikivugwaho cyambereye ingingo yanteye amatsiko akomeye mu mezi ashize menshi.... Hari igihe maze nyoborwa kwizera yuko ubutumwa bwandikiwe Abalawodikiya butureba; ni ukuvuga, twe twizera ubutumwa bw’umumarayika wa gatatu, ku mpamvu nyinshi mbona ko ari nziza. Ndavuga ebyiri.—Ibid.”

> “Ibi ni byo akora, agenera imyanya ibiri y’inkingi imyanzuro ye. Mu gusoza, yatangaje ati:

> “Inyigisho y’ubutumwa bw’umumarayika wa gatatu ntizigera na hato idukiza tudafite umwambaro w’ubukwe, ari wo gukiranuka kw’abera. Tugomba gutunganya kwera rwose mu gutinya Uwiteka.—Ibid.

> “Mu gihe James White yakomezaga inyandiko ze z’ubwanditsi zivuga ubutumwa buhabwa itorero ry’i Lawodikiya, ibitekerezo Abadivantisiti barinda Isabato basomaga muri Review icyo gihe byari bitangaje; ariko, nyuma yo kubitekerezaho neza no kubisuzumana gusenga, byaje kugaragara ko bibareba. Amabaruwa yohererezaga umwanditsi yagaragaje ko hari ukwemeranya kwagutse muri rusange kandi ko hari ububyutse bwari burimo kuba. Ko ubwo butumwa bukangura butari umusaruro w’ibyishimo by’akanya gato byahamijwe n’ingingo ya mbere yo muri Testimony No. 3, yasohotse muri Mata 1857, yari ifite umutwe uvuga ngo Be Zealous and Repent. Itangira iti: “Mu iyerekwa, Uwiteka yanyeretse ibintu bimwe birebana n’itorero riri mu mimerere yaryo yo muri iki gihe yo kuba akazuyazi, ibyo nzababwira.”—1T, p. 141. Muri ibi Ellen White yagaragaje ibyo yeretswe byerekeye ibitero bya Satani ku itorero akoresheje ubukire bwo mu isi n’ibyo umuntu atunze.” Arthur White, Ellen G. White: The Early Years, volume 1, 342–344.

Umuryango w’Abamilerite watangiye mu buryo bw’ubuhanuzi nk’itorero rya Filadelifiya, maze mu wa 1856 uhinduka itorero rya Lawodikiya. Hashize imyaka irindwi uwo muryango urarangira, maze Itorero ry’Abadivantisiti b’Umunsi wa Karindwi ritangira nk’itorero rya Lawodikiya kandi rizakomeza rityo kugeza ubwo rizacirwa mu kanwa k’Umwami. Umuryango w’abigihumbi ijana na mirongo ine na bine wavuye mu mukumbi w’itorero rya Lawodikiya, nk’uko umuryango w’Abamilerite wavuye mu mukumbi w’itorero rya Sarudi. Umuryango w’abigihumbi ijana na mirongo ine na bine ugereranywa n’umuryango w’Abamilerite muri ubwo buryo ko umuryango wa mbere wahindutse uva kuri Filadelifiya ujya kuri Lawodikiya, naho umuryango wa nyuma ugahinduka uva kuri Lawodikiya ujya kuri Filadelifiya. Ingingo y’ihindukiriro iva kuri Filadelifiya ijya kuri Lawodikiya mu mateka y’Abamilerite igaragazwa by’umwihariko ko ari mu wa 1856; bityo ingingo y’ihindukiriro na yo igomba kugaragazwa mu muryango wa nyuma, kuko Imana itigera ihinduka. Ingingo y’ihindukiriro igaragazwa mu Ibyahishuwe igice cya cumi na kimwe n’abahanuzi babiri bicirwa mu nzira.

> Nuko nibamara kurangiza ubuhamya bwabo, ya nyamaswa izamuka iva ikuzimu izabarwanya, ibaneshe, ibice. Nuko imirambo yabo izarambarara mu muhanda w’uwo murwa ukomeye, mu buryo bw’umwuka witwa Sodomu na Egiputa, ari na ho Umwami wacu yabambwe. Ibyahishuwe 11:7, 8.

Umuryango wa nyuma wagombaga gupfa, hanyuma ugahagarara, maze nyuma y’ibyo ukazazurwa nk’ibendera. Mu kubikora, wagombaga kwihuza n’ihembe ry’Abarepubulikani. Iryo hembe ry’Abarepubulikani rikora ishusho ya ya nyamaswa, kandi iyo nyamaswa rikora ishusho yayo ivugwa mu Byahishuwe igice cya cumi na karindwi, kandi iyo nyamaswa imenyekana nk’umutwe wa gatanu wakiriye igikomere cyica, wagombaga kuzurwa nk’umutwe wa munani. Yagombaga kuzurwa ari uwa munani, kandi akomoka kuri ba barindwi.

> Kandi cya gikoko cyahozeho, ariko none kikaba kitakiriho, na cyo ni cyo cya munani, kandi kiri mu birindwi, kandi kijya mu kurimbuka. Ibyahishuwe 17:11.

Ihembe rya Repubulikani ryakora ishusho y’iyo nyamaswa, bityo rikazicwa hanyuma rikazurwa. Igihe ryazurwaga, ryaba umutwe wa munani ukomoka ku mitwe irindwi yabanje. Ihembe rya Porotesitanti ryicarira kuri ya nyamaswa imwe yo mu isi nk’ihembe rya Repubulikani, kandi byari ngombwa ko rigira imigendekere y’ubuhanuzi imwe na yo. Ihinduka riva i Filadelifiya rijya i Lawodikiya mu murimo wa Millerite ribanziriza ihinduka riva i Lawodikiya rijya i Filadelifiya mu murimo wa nyuma.

Igihe urug movement ya nyuma yakiraga igikomere cyica ku wa 18 Nyakanga 2020, yapfuye ari Laodikiya. Igihe, nk’uko bigaragazwa mu Ibyahishuwe igice cya cumi na kimwe, yahindukiraga ikaba Filadelifiya, yagombaga guhagararira itorero rya munani, ari ryo riva muri ya arindwi. Urupfu rwo mu mwaka wa 2020 rwagereranyijwe n’ihembe ry’Abarepubulikani, kuko uhereye ku gihe cy’iherezo mu 1989, hari hamaze kubaho abaperezida batandatu. Perezida wa gatandatu yakiriye igikomere cyica, kizakira mu 2024. Iryo mutwe rizahita riba umutwe wa munani wa Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika uhereye ku gihe cy’iherezo mu 1989, kandi rizaba ari uruva muri ya arindwi. Amahembe yombi yari aya gatandatu ahinduka aya munani. Uku kuri ni igice kinini cy’ubutumwa bw’Ibyahishuwe bya Yesu Kristo byakuweho ikimenyetso gato mbere y’ugufungwa kw’igihe cy’imbabazi.

Kubera iyo mpamvu, ni ngombwa gusobanukirwa neza amateka y’Abamilerite agereranya amateka yacu ya none. Mushiki wacu White yemeje uko James White yashyize Laodikiya ku rugendo rw’uyu mutwe mu mwaka wa 1856, bityo iri si ishyirwa mu bikorwa rikomoka ku mitekerereze ya kimuntu. Imyaka irindwi mbere y’uko itorero ry’Abadiventisiti b’Umunsi wa Karindwi rihuzwa mu buryo bwemewe n’amategeko n’ihembe rya Repubulikani, ryari ryaramenyekanishijwe n’uguhumekwa ko ari itorero rya Laodikiya. Ibi bisobanura ko nta n’umunsi n’umwe mu mateka y’itorero ry’Abadiventisiti b’Umunsi wa Karindwi wabayeho ubwo ryari ikindi kintu kitari ukwambara ubusa, kuba umukene, impumyi, umugorwa kandi uteye agahinda. Uku kuri k’ubuhanuzi gutanga imvugiro n’ishingiro byo kwemera ko ibizira bine bigenda byiyongera byo muri Ezekiyeli igice cya munani ari byo bisekuru bine by’Ubwadiventisiti.

Iyo amateka y’Abamilerite asuzumwe hakurikijwe imiterere y’imyaka mirongo itandatu n’itanu yo muri Yesaya karindwi, bikwiriye kumenyekana ko ubuhanuzi bw’ibihe birindwi ari cyo gitwikiro cy’ubuhanuzi gitwikira amateka yose y’umuryango w’Abamilerite. Mu 1856, ubutumwa bw’itorero ry’i Lawodikiya bwabaye ukuri kw’iki gihe ku Badivantisiti b’Abamilerite. Uwatangaga ubutumwa bwa Lawodikiya ntiyari Yakobo cyangwa Ellen White, ahubwo yari Umuhamya Wizerwa kandi W’ukuri.

> Kandi wandikire marayika w’itorero ry’Abalawodikiya uti: Ibi ni byo uvuga Amen, Umugabo wo guhamya wizerwa kandi w’ukuri, Intangiriro y’ibyaremwe by’Imana; nzi imirimo yawe, yuko udakonje kandi udashyushye: icyampa ukaba ukonje cyangwa ushushye. Nuko rero, kuko uri akazuyazi, kandi udakonje kandi udashyushye, ngiye kukuruka mu kanwa kanjye. Kuko uvuga uti: Ndi umutunzi, ngwije ubutunzi, kandi nta cyo nkennye; nyamara ntumenye yuko uri umunyabyago, kandi uteye agahinda, kandi uri umukene, kandi impumyi, kandi wambaye ubusa: ndakugira inama yo kunguraho izahabu yatunganirijwe mu muriro, kugira ngo ube umutunzi; n’imyenda yera, kugira ngo wambare, kandi isoni z’ubwambure bwawe ze kugaragara; kandi usige amavuta ku maso yawe, kugira ngo ubone kureba. Abo nkunda bose ndabacyaha kandi nkabahana: nuko rero kugira umwete, wihane. Dore, mpagaze ku rugi, ndakomanga: nihagira uwumva ijwi ryanjye, agakingura urugi, nzinjira iwe, dusangire, na we dusangire. Unesha nzamuha kwicarana nanjye ku ntebe yanjye y’ubwami, nk’uko nanjye nanesheje, nkicarana na Data ku ntebe ye y’ubwami. Ufite ugutwi niyumve icyo Mwuka abwira amatorero. Ibyahishuwe 3:14–22.

Umuhamya W’ukuri agaragaza ko nihagira umuntu uwo ari we wese “wumva” ijwi Rye, Yinjira akamusangiriraho. Iyo Lawodikiya ifungura urugi, Kristo yinjira akabasangiriraho. Iyo Kristo yemerewe kwinjira, azana ubutumwa, kuko ikimenyetso cyo kurya gihagarariye kwakira ubutumwa. Ubutumwa bushobora kuvugwa muri rusange nk’ubutumwa bwa Lawodikiya gusa, ariko ibyo ni ukubufata mu buryo bworoheje ku bijyanye n’icyo ubutumwa atanga busobanura. Mu mwaka wa 1856, Hiram Edson yashyize ahagaragara uruhererekane rw’ingingo umunani zari zikubiyemo amakuru y’ubuhanuzi yaguye gusobanukirwa k’ubuhanuzi bwa mbere cyane bw’igihe abamarayika b’Imana bayoboye William Miller kumenya no kwamamaza. Muri izo ngingo umunani, Edson agaragaza mu buryo bukwiriye imyaka mirongo itandatu n’itanu yo muri Yesaya 7.

Intangiriro y’umurimo wa Miller yabaye ivumburwa ry’ibihe birindwi, kandi hasigaye imyaka irindwi mbere y’uko umutwe witiriwe umurimo we urangira, ihishurirwa rirushijeho kwimbitse ry’ubwo buhanuzi nyine ryashyikirijwe Adiventisime y’Abamillerite. Ryatanzwe muri uwo mwaka nyine ubwo bamenyekanishwaga n’uguhumekerwa ko ari Abalawodikiya. Mu buryo bw’ubuhanuzi, iminsi ibihumbi bibiri na magana atanu na makumyabiri nyuma yaho, mu wa 1863, ivumburwa rya mbere rya Miller ryerekeye igihe cy’ubuhanuzi ryaranzwe. Ubutumwa bw’Abalawodikiya bugenewe umutwe w’Abadiventisti bwageze mu wa 1856, kandi Umwami yakomanze ku rugi inshuro umunani, akoresheje inyandiko umunani, ngo arebe niba yabona uko yinjira. Ku musozo w’uwo mutwe, Umugabo w’Icyo Kuri yifuje gusangira n’ubwoko bwe, basangira ku butumwa bwa mbere cyane bw’igihe, kuva ku ntangiriro y’umutwe. Ubwoko bwe bwanze kurya, maze nyuma y’imyaka irindwi, cyangwa iminsi ibihumbi bibiri na magana atanu na makumyabiri y’ubuhanuzi, ubwoko bwe bufunga urugi rwari rwarakinguranywe urufunguzo rwa Dawidi rwari rwashyizwe mu kuboko kwa William Miller. Basubiye ku muhanuzi wa kera w’Umunyasamariya wabagaburiye ibinyoma, bashyiraho ikimenyetso ku iherezo ryabo ryo gupfira hagati y’indogobe n’intare.

Mu mwaka wa 1856, ihembe ry’Abaporotesitanti ryari mu ngorane zo mu kibaya cy’iyerekwa, kuko aho iyerekwa ritari abantu barimbuka. Mu mwaka wa 1856, ihembe ry’Abarepubulikani na ryo ryari mu ngorane.

Mu 1856, hakomeje intambara y’ubugome yari izwi ku izina rya *Bleeding Kansas*, ari yo Ntambara y’Umupaka wa Kansas na Missouri. Uwo mukimbirane wari ugamije kumenya niba Kansas yari kwinjira mu Muryango w’Ibihugu byunze Ubumwe nka leta yigenga idafite ubucakara cyangwa nka leta yemera ubucakara. Iyo ntambara yarimo imirwano y’ubugizi bwa nabi hagati y’abimukira bashyigikiraga ubucakara n’ababarwanyaga.

Ku wa 22 Gicurasi 1856, habaye n’ikindi gikorwa cy’urugomo mu cyumba cya Sena ya Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, ubwo umudepite Preston Brooks, wari ushyigikiye ubucakara wo muri Carolina y’Epfo, yateraga bikomeye Senateri Charles Sumner wa Massachusetts amukubise inkoni ye. Sumner yari yavugiye ijambo rirwanya ubucakara ryitwaga The Crime Against Kansas, ryababaje cyane Brooks. Icyo gikorwa cyo gukubitisha inkoni cyagaragaje ukwiyongera kw’amakimbirane hagati y’Amajyaruguru n’Amajyepfo ku kibazo cy’ubucakara.

Mu 1856, Ishyaka ry’Abarepubulikani ryashinzwe mu gusubiza umuvurungano wa politiki wari waratewe n’Itegeko rya Kansas-Nebraska, ryatowe mu 1854, ryabyaye ukwiyongera kw’abarwanyaga ikwirakwizwa ry’ubucakara mu turere dushya. Inama nkuru ya mbere y’iri shyaka ku rwego rw’igihugu yabereye i Philadelphia, maze John C. Fremont atoranywa nk’umukandida waryo wa mbere ku mwanya wa Perezida mu matora yo mu 1856.

Itegeko rya Kansas-Nebraska ryashyizeho intara za Kansas na Nebraska kandi ryemerera abimukira batuye muri izo ntara kwihitiramo niba bazemera ubucakara mu mbibi zazo. Iyi ngingo, izwi nka “ubusugire bwa rubanda,” mu by’ukuri yakuyeho Ubusumbane bwa Missouri bwo mu 1820, bwari bwarabujije ubucakara mu majyaruguru y’umurongo wa 36°30’ mu Ntara ya Louisiana. Iryo tegeko ryagize ingaruka zikomeye cyane ku kibazo cy’ubucakara muri izo ntara. Ryarongeye rikongeza amakimbirane hagati y’uturere two mu gihugu kuko ryafunguye uburyo bushoboka ko ubucakara bwakwagukira mu duce twari dusanzwe dufatwa nk’ubutaka bwigenga, nka Kansas. Ihamya ry’Itegeko rya Kansas-Nebraska ryateye umuvuduko w’abimukira bashyigikiraga ubucakara n’ababurwanyaga kwinjira mu Ntara ya Kansas, buri ruhande rwizeye kugira uruhare ku musaruro w’itora ry’ubusugire bwa rubanda. Iri rushanwa ryo kugenzura iyo ntara ryateye imirwano y’urugomo n’igihe cy’akaduruvayo no kubura amategeko kizwi nka Bleeding Kansas mu 1856.

Amatora ya perezida yo mu 1856 yari igikorwa cya politiki gikomeye. Yaranzwe n’irushanwa ry’abakandida batatu: Umudemokarate James Buchanan, Umunyarepubulikani John C. Fremont, n’uwahoze ari Perezida Millard Fillmore wo mu Ishyaka ry’Abanyamerika. James Buchanan yatsinze ayo matora maze aba Perezida wa 15 wa Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika.

Ubutegetsi bwa perezida bwa James Buchanan buzwi cyane cyane ku bwo kunanirwa gukemura mu buryo bunoze amakimbirane n’amacakubiri byarushagaho gukara hagati y’Amajyaruguru n’Amajyepfo, ari byo byaje kurangira bitumye Intambara y’Abanyamerika y’Abasivili yubura gato cyane amaze kuva ku butegetsi. Ubutegetsi bwe bwa perezida kenshi bufatwa nk’uburi mu butegetsi bwa perezida butaragenze neza cyane mu mateka ya Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika, bitewe n’uku kunanirwa gukomeye mu buyobozi no mu micungire y’ibibazo bikomeye.

Icyemezo kizwi cyane cya Dred Scott cyo mu 1857 cyatangaje ko abacakara, baba bakiri mu bucakara cyangwa barabohowe, batari abaturage kandi ko batashoboraga kuregera mu nkiko za leta zunze ubumwe z’Amerika. Nanone cyatangaje ko Inteko Ishinga Amategeko itashoboraga kubuza ubucakara mu ntara za Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika. Umudemokarate Buchanan yashyigikiye ku mugaragaro icyemezo cya Dred Scott cyashyigikiraga ubucakara.

Ntabwo kuba ihagararwa rya Buchanan, Umudémokarate washyigikiraga ubucakara, ryararetse amakimbirane akomera kugeza avuyemo Intambara y’Abanyamerika, ahubwo no kudashobora kwe gucunga ubukungu bw’igihugu byateje Ihungabana ryo mu 1857, ryabaye rimwe mu bihe bikomeye kurusha ibindi by’ubukungu byasubije inyuma muri mateka y’Amerika mbere y’Ubukungu Bukomeye bw’icuraburindi. Ihungabana ryo mu 1857 ryavuyemo ugusubira inyuma gukabije kw’ubukungu kwamaze imyaka myinshi. Ubucuruzi n’amabanki byarafunzwe, ubushomeri buriyongera, kandi isoko ry’imigabane riragabanuka.

Mu gihe cy’ubuyobozi bwa Buchanan, leta zo mu Majyepfo zatangiye inzira yazo yo kwitandukanya n’Ubumwe bw’Igihugu, kandi ziratandukana bitewe n’itorwa rya Abraham Lincoln wo mu ishyaka ry’Abarepubulikani, mu mwaka wa 1860. Buchanan yafashe uburyo bwo kutagira icyo akora cyane muri icyo kibazo cyo kwitandukanya, avuga ko leta nkuru y’igihugu itari ifite ububasha bwo kuburizamo ku ngufu ukwiyomora. Uku kudafata ingamba zifatika kwatumye umutwe wo kwitandukanya urushaho gukomera. Kubura kwe ubuyobozi bukomeye no kutiyemeza gufata ingamba zifatika zo gukemura ikibazo cyo kwitandukanya byagize uruhare mu mitekerereze y’Amajyepfo y’uko yashoboraga kuva mu Bumwe bw’Igihugu itabangamiwe n’imbaraga za gisirikare.

Mu 1860, Abraham Lincoln, perezida wa mbere w’Umu-Repubulikani, yatowe. Ku wa 1 Mutarama 1863, Perezida Lincoln yashyizeho umukono ku Itangazo rya nyuma ry’Ububohoke kandi ararisohora, ritangaza ko abantu bose bari baragizwe abacakara mu bice byari bifitwe n’Abakonfederasiyo bagombaga kubohorwa. Iri teka rya perezida ryagize ingaruka zikomeye ku Ntambara y’Abanyagihugu, kuko ryahinduye uwo mwiryane ukaba urugamba rutari urwo kurinda Ubumwe bw’Igihugu gusa, ahubwo no kurangiza ubucakara. Itangazo ry’Ububohoke ntiryahise ribohora ako kanya abantu bose bari abacakara. Ryarebaga by’umwihariko uturere twari dufitwe n’Abakonfederasiyo, aho Ubumwe bw’Igihugu bwari bufite ububasha buke. Uko ingabo z’Ubumwe bw’Igihugu zagendaga zitera imbere kandi zikagenzura uturere tw’Abakonfederasiyo, iryo tangazo ryashyirwaga mu bikorwa, maze abacakara bari muri utwo turere bakabohorwa. Itangazo ry’Ububohoke ryabaye intambwe y’ingenzi cyane igana ku ikurwaho rya burundu ry’ubucakara muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika kandi ritegura inzira yo kwemezwa kw’Ivugururwa rya Cumi na Gatatu ry’Itegeko Nshinga rya Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, ryemejwe kandi ritsindagirizwa ku wa 6 Ukuboza 1865.

Ihembe rya Repubulikani kuva mu myaka ya 1850 gukomeza ryari mu ngorane zikomeye z’ikibazo cy’ubucakara. Mu gihugu harimo ibice bibiri by’ibanze byagereranywaga n’amatsinda abiri y’ibanze y’imitekerereze ya politiki. Igikorwa cyo gutandukana cyatangiye mu 1856 ubwo amatsinda arwanya ubucakara n’amashyigikiye yimukiraga mu ntara ya Kansas mu gushaka gushyigikira imyizerere yayo ku bucakara, muri icyo gihe nyine Philadelphia yatandukanwaga na Lawodikiya. Abademokarate bari bashyigikiye ubucakara, naho Abarepubulikani bakarwanya ubucakara.

Mu 1856, Kansas yamenetse amaraso yabaye ishusho nto y’intambara yari yegereje. Muri uwo mwaka, Umudemokarate washigikiraga uburetwa yatorewe kuyobora ihembe rya Repubulikani, kandi ubuyobozi bwe budafite ubushobozi bwabaye ikimenyetso cy’ubuperezida budafite ubushobozi, kugeza muri iyi minsi ya nyuma ya vuba. Yabanje mbere ya perezida wa mbere wa Repubulikani wahatiwe gukosora akajagari kari karasizwe n’ubuperezida bwa Buchanan.

Mu mwaka wa 1863, ihembe rya Repubulikani ryashyizeho itegeko nyobozi rikomeye kurusha ayandi mu mateka y’inyamaswa yo ku isi ivugwa mu Ibyahishuwe igice cya cumi na gatatu. Iryo tegeko nyobozi ryerekezaga ku bucakara. Igika kimwe cyo muri iryo tangazo kigira kiti: “Ko ku munsi wa mbere wa Mutarama, mu mwaka w’Umwami wacu igihumbi magana inani na mirongo itandatu na gatatu, abantu bose bafashwe nk’abacakara mu Ntara iyo ari yo yose cyangwa mu gice cyagenwe cy’Intara, abaturage baho bazaba icyo gihe bari mu bugome bwo kwigomeka ku Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, bazaba uwo munsi, kuva ubwo, kandi iteka ryose babohotse; kandi Guverinoma Nyobozi ya Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, harimo n’ububasha bwayo bwa gisirikare n’ubw’ingabo zirwanira mu mazi, izemera kandi irengere umudendezo w’abo bantu, kandi ntizakora igikorwa na kimwe cyangwa ibikorwa ibyo ari byo byose byo kubabuza, bo cyangwa umwe muri bo uwo ari we wese, mu mihati iyo ari yo yose bashobora gukora kugira ngo bagere ku mudendezo nyakuri.” Nubwo icyo gihe gukemura ikibazo cy’ubucakara mu mateka bitari byuzuye, ishingiro ry’Itegeko Nshinga riragaragara igihe Lincoln yandikaga ati: “abantu bose bafashwe nk’abacakara mu Ntara iyo ari yo yose … bazaba uwo munsi, kuva ubwo, kandi iteka ryose babohotse.”

Lincoln yari agarutse ku ihame ry’ibanze ryagaragajwe mu Itegeko Nshinga, rivuga ko “abantu bose baremwe bareshya.” Lincoln yari agarutse ku kuri kw’ibanze mu gihe kimwe n’aho ihembe ry’Abaporotesitanti ryari ryanga ubuhanuzi bwaryo bw’ibanze, ari bwo buhanuzi bw’ubucakara. Ni cyo gituma, mu gihe nyirizina ihembe ry’Abarepubulikani ryakoraga “itegeko nyobozi” rikomeye kurusha andi yose mu mateka yaryo ku byerekeye ubucakara, ihembe ry’Abaporotesitanti na ryo ryakoze itegeko nyobozi rikomeye kurusha andi yose mu mateka y’ubuhanuzi bwaryo ku byerekeye ubuhanuzi bw’ubucakara, bugereranywa n’indahiro n’umuvumo bya Mose. Ihembe ry’Abarepubulikani ryahisemo kugaruka ku rufatiro, naho ihembe ry’Abaporotesitanti rihitamo kwanga urufatiro ryarwo no gusubira kuri ba bandi ryari ryarategetswe kutazigera risubiraho ukundi.

Mu 1863, ihembe rya Repubulika ryari ryaracitsemo imitwe ibiri, nk’uko ubwami bwa Isirayeli ya kera bwacitsemo ibice bibiri mu gihe cya Yerobowamu na Rehobowamu. Mu 1863, ihembe rya Porotesitanti ryahujwe n’amategeko n’ihembe rya Repubulika, nk’uko bigaragazwa n’ibicaniro bibiri bya Yerobowamu i Beteli n’i Dani. Ayo mahembe yombi agenda anyura mu mateka ajyanye mu buryo bubangikanye, kandi amateka yo mu 1863 ni yo, by’umwihariko, agereranya amateka y’iminsi ya nyuma.

Amateka y’Abamilerite asubirwamo mu mateka y’abihumbi ijana na mirongo ine na bine, ariko hariho ingingo nke z’ubuhanuzi zigomba kwitabwaho. Imwe muri izo ngingo ni uko abari bagenewe ubutumwa mu mateka y’Abamilerite mbere na mbere bari abari hanze y’uwo mutwe, hanyuma nyuma bukaza kwerekezwa kuri uwo mutwe ubwawo. Mu mutwe w’abihumbi ijana na mirongo ine na bine, amajwi abiri yo mu Ibyahishuwe 18 agaragaza amatsinda abiri agenewe ubutumwa; ariko ayo matsinda ari mu buryo bunyuranye n’amateka y’Abamilerite. Itsinda rya mbere ni ubwoko bw’Imana, naho ijwi rya kabiri rikaba iry’izindi ntama z’Imana, zikiri i Babuloni.

Ikindi gisigaye cyo mu buhanuzi ni uko, nubwo ayo mateka yombi ava ku rusengero rumwe akajya ku rundi, Abamillerite bavuye i Filadelifiya bajya i Lawodikiya, kandi urugendo rukomeye rw’umumarayika wa gatatu ruva i Lawodikiya rujya i Filadelifiya. Ibi bigaragaza ko Abamillerite bavuye ku rusengero rwa gatandatu bajya ku rwa karindwi, kandi abantu ibihumbi ijana na mirongo ine na bine bava ku rusengero rwa karindwi bajya ku rwa munani, ari rwo rwo muri arindwi.

Ihembe rya Repubulikani ryatangiye urugendo rwaryo riva ku gihugu gishyigikiye ubucakara rijya ku gihugu kirwanya ubucakara mu mateka akikije umwaka wa 1863. Ihurizo ry’ayo mateka ryashimangiye amashyaka abiri ya politiki ari yo adahanganye amwe n’andi muri iyi “minsi y’imperuka.” Nk’uko perezida wa mbere w’Umu-Repubulikani wo muri ayo mateka yiciwe nyuma y’iminsi mike intambara irangiye, ni ko na perezida wa nyuma w’Umu-Repubulikani yishwe mu buryo bw’ikigereranyo maze asigara mu muhanda nk’upfuye, mu gihe isi yanezerwaga. Yishwe, atari nyuma y’iminsi mike Intambara y’Abanyagihugu irangiye gusa, ahubwo mbere gato y’uko intambara ya nyuma y’abanyagihugu itangira.

Perezida wa mbere w’Umurepubulikani yabanje kubanzirizwa na perezida warushije abandi bose kudakora neza mu mateka ya Amerika, kandi perezida wa nyuma w’Umurepubulikani na we azabanzirizwa n’uwo mwimerere nyine. Kudakora neza kwa perezida w’Umudemokarate wabanje perezida wa mbere w’Umurepubulikani ni ko kwihutishije ihungabana ryaje kuvamo intambara y’abaturage, kandi uko kudakora neza ni ko kurimo kuba ubu. Perezida w’Umudemokarate ubanziriza perezida wa nyuma w’Umurepubulikani yayoboye ubukungu mu buryo bwatumye habaho ugusenyuka kw’ubukungu gukomeye kurusha ibindi byose mu mateka ya Amerika kugeza kuri icyo gihe. Ahembe yombi agenda abangikanye kugeza ku itegeko ryo ku Cyumweru. Mu 1863, ni ho igisekuru cya mbere cya ayo mahembe yombi cyatangiriye, kandi kuri ayo mahembe yombi igisekuru cya kane kandi cya nyuma kizaba cyerekeje iburasirazuba, kandi cyunamye imbere y’izuba.

Ubutumwa bwa Eliya buri gihe buherekezwa n’imanza z’Imana zemeza ubutumwa bw’umuburo. Umuryango w’isi ubu urimo kubaho nk’uko abantu babagaho mbere y’umwuzure. Bararya, baranywa kandi bategereje ko ibihangange by’ikoranabuhanga by’isi yose bikemura ikibazo cyose cyavuka. Ijambo ry’Imana riragaragaza ko isi ubu igeze ku nkombe z’ikibazo gikomeye cyane.

> “‘Mbese ijoro rigeze hehe?’ Mbese ndasobanukirwa n’akamaro k’ubu butumwa? Mbese nsobanukiwe umwanya bufite mu murimo usoza wa gahunda ikomeye yo gukiza? Mbese nzi neza cyane ‘ijambo rikomeye ry’ubuhanuzi’ ku buryo nshobora kubona, mu byabaye biri kuba binkikije, ibihamya bidashidikanywaho by’uko Umwami uje ageze ndetse ku rugi? Mbese numva inshingano indemereye, mbitewe n’umucyo Imana yampaye? Mbese ndi gukoresha impano yose nashinzwe nk’ubisonga bwayo, mu mihati itunganyijwe neza yo gukiza abari kurimbuka? Cyangwa se ndi akazuyazi kandi ntita ku bintu, maze nkivanga igice n’isi mbi, ngakoresha uburyo n’ubushobozi Imana yampaye cyane cyane mu kwinezeza, nitaye cyane ku mutekano wanjye no ku byanyorohera kuruta uko nitaye ku guteza imbere umurimo wayo? Mbese imibereho yanjye iri gukomeza ‘kwemeza igitekerezo cyagiye gishinga imizi mu isi ko Abadiventisiti b’Umunsi wa Karindwi barimo kuvuza impanda mu buryo butumvikana neza, kandi ko bakurikira inzira y’abo mu isi’?”

> “Twumva intambwe z’Imana iri kuza guhana isi kubera gukiranirwa kwayo. Iherezo ry’ibihe riri hafi kudusohoraho. Abatuye isi barimo guhambiranywa mu miba kugira ngo batwikwe. Mbese nawe uzahambiranwa n’urukungu? Mbese urasobanukirwa yuko buri mwaka ibihumbi n’ibihumbi n’inshuro icumi z’ibihumbi by’ubugingo birimbuka, bipfira mu byaha byabyo? Ibyorezo n’imanza by’Imana byatangiye gukora umurimo wabyo, kandi ubugingo burimo kujya mu kurimbuka kuko umucyo w’ukuri utaramurikiwe inzira yabwo.” General Conference Daily Bulletin, 1 Mata 1897.

> Nakwifuje mu bugingo bwanjye nijoro; koko, n’umwuka wanjye uri imbere muri jye nzagushakisha kare: kuko iyo imanza zawe ziri mu isi, abatuye isi baziga gukiranuka. Yesaya 26:9.

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