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# Paniumu — Umubare Cumi n’Irindwi

Ikintu n’Iyerekwa: Imirongo Ibiri y’Ubuhanuzi bwa Daniyeli n’Ivanwaho ry’Ikimenyetso cya Ibyahishuwe

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Jeff Pippenger

Published

February 22, 2026

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Ku wa 18 Nyakanga 2020 habaye ugutenguhwa kwa mbere kw’inyito y’abahumbi ijana na mirongo ine na bane. Kwayoboye mu “mateka ahishwe” yo mu murongo wa mirongo ine wa Daniyeli cumi n’umwe. Uko gutenguhwa kwabereye hagati hageze kure muri ayo “mateka ahishwe”—amateka yatangiye ubwo Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Abasoviyeti zasenyukaga mu 1989. Umurongo wa mirongo ine na rimwe ugereranya itegeko ryo ku Cyumweru muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, kandi iryo tegeko na ryo rigereranywa no mu murongo wa cumi na gatandatu w’icyo gice nyine. “Guhishurwa” kw’ukuri kugize “amateka ahishwe” yo mu murongo wa mirongo ine mu 2023 kugaragazwa na Daniyeli mu gice cya cumi na kabiri. Ibyiciro bya cumi kugeza kuri cumi na kabiri ni iyerekwa rimwe, kandi iryo yerekwa ritangirana no kugaragaza ko Daniyeli agereranya “abanyabwenge” basobanukirwa ubutumwa bw’imbere n’ubw’inyuma bw’ubuhanuzi, ari bwo aha hagereranywa n’“ikintu” n’“iyerekwa.”

> Mu mwaka wa gatatu wa Kuro umwami w’u Buperesi, Daniyeli, witwaga Beluteshazari, yahishuriwe ijambo; kandi iryo jambo ryari ukuri, ariko igihe cyagenwe cyari kirekire; kandi yasobanukiwe iryo jambo, ndetse agira gusobanukirwa kw’iyerekwa. Daniyeli 10:1.

## Iyerekwa Bibiri

“Ikintu” n’“iyerekwa” bigereranya iyerekwa ry’ubuhanuzi ryo mu mutima n’iry’inyuma, kandi Daniyeli agereranya ubwoko busobanukiwe byombi, kuko haba “ikintu” haba n’“iyerekwa” byombi “byahishuriwe” Daniyeli mu gice cya cumi. Muri icyo gice, ku munsi wa makumyabiri na kabiri, iyerekwa rya Kristo mu buturo bwera “ryahishuriwe” Daniyeli. Ijambo ry’Igiheburayo ryahinduwemo “ikintu” rihindurwamo “ikibazo” mu gice cya cyenda, kandi no muri cyo rishyirwa mu isano n’“iyerekwa.”

> Mu ntangiriro yo kwinginga kwawe haturutse itegeko, nanjye ndaje kugira ngo nkumenyeshe; kuko ukundwa cyane. Nuko rero sobanukirwa n’icyo kintu, kandi usuzume iyerekwa. Daniyeli 9:23.

Ijambo “ikintu” rikoreshwa mu gice ca cumi ni ryo jambo nyene rihindurwa ngo “ikibazo” mu murongo wa makumyabiri na gatatu wo mu gice ca cenda. Mu yerekwa rya nyuma rya Daniyeli ryo mu bice vya cumi gushika ku vya cumi na bibiri; “ikintu” co mu gice ca cumi na rimwe canke “ikibazo” co mu gice ca cumi, vyose bifitaniye isano n’“iyerekwa.” “Iyerekwa” ni ijambo ry’Igiheburayo, “mareh,” kandi risobanura “ukugaragara.” Daniyeli atandukanya “amayerkwa” abiri mu gitabu ciwe, naho rimwe muri ayo “mayerkwa” abiri ryerekanywa mu ndagihe y’igitsinagore hanyuma rikongera kwerekanywa mu ndagihe y’igitsinagabo. Daniyeli, mu murongo wa mbere wo mu gice ca cumi, yerekana abatahura “iyerekwa” ry’ukugaragara, kandi kandi n’“ikibazo” canke “ikintu.” Mu gice ca munani Daniyeli atandukanya “amayerkwa” abiri afitaniye isano. Mu congereza ijambo “vision” riboneka incuro umunani muri ico gice, kandi rimwe mu majambo y’Igiheburayo yahinduwe ngo “iyerekwa” ni “mareh,” irindi na ryo ni “chazon.” Mareh risobanura “ukugaragara,” kandi chazon risobanura “indoto, uguhishurirwa canke ubuhanuzi.” Imvugo y’ibiri mu gice ca munani ishimika ko, iyo ijambo “mareh” rihinduwe ngo “iyerekwa,” rigereranya “ukugaragara kwa Kristo.”

Nk’urugero, ni “mareh” cyangwa “iyerekwa ry’ukugaragara” ryo muri Daniyeli 8:14, risobanura ko ku wa 22 Ukwakira 1844 Kristo yari kugaragara atunguranye mu rusengero asohoza ibyavuzwe n’Umumarayika w’Isezerano wo muri Malaki igice cya gatatu, ibyo Mushiki wa White yavuze ko byasohoye ku wa 22 Ukwakira 1844. Igihe Mushiki wa White agaragaza ko marayika wo mu Ibyahishuwe igice cya cumi wamanutse agashyira ikirenge kimwe ku butaka n’ikindi ku nyanja yari “utari undi muntu uwo ari we wese uretse Yesu Kristo” yerekanaga ikimenyetso cy’inzira mu buhanuzi aho Kristo agaragara. Ni kimwe mu bigaragara bye byinshi. Yagaragaye igihe cyo kuzuka kwa Mose nk’uko Yuda abivuga. Aho yagaragariye nka Mikayeli marayika mukuru, ariko kandi byari ugugaragara k’ubuhanuzi. Iyerekwa rya mareh ryo mu gice cya munani na ryo risobanurwa ngo “ukugaragara,” bihuje n’insobanuro yaryo.

> Nuko byabaho ko, jyewe Daniyeli, maze kubona iryo yerekwa, ngashaka kurimenya icyo risobanura, maze dore, imbere yanjye hahagarara ufite ishusho nk’iy’umuntu. Daniyeli 8:15.

Imiterere iri hano igaragaza ko ari marayika Gaburiyeli wari ufite “ishusho y’umuntu,” kandi ijambo “ishusho” ni mareh, ni ukuvuga ishusho y’iyerekwa rya Kristo; kuko nk’uko Kristo ahagararirwa na Mikayeli marayika mukuru, kandi n’uwo marayika ukomeye wo mu Ibyahishuwe 10, mu buhanuzi Kristo ashobora gusimburana n’ikimenyetso cy’abamarayika, ndetse n’abantu. Yaba ari Gaburiyeli muri uwo murongo, cyangwa Kristo wo mu Ibyahishuwe 10, cyangwa nka Mikayeli marayika mukuru, buri wese ahagarariye ubutumwa, kandi ni yo mpamvu Sister White agereranya abamarayika bo mu Ibyahishuwe n’ubutumwa bahagarariye, ndetse n’abantu batangaza ubwo butumwa buhagarariwe n’abo bamarayika. Uku kuri ni ingenzi cyane ku buryo, mu mirongo itatu ya mbere y’Ibyahishuwe igice cya mbere, iyo mirongo itatu itangaza ihishurwa ry’Ibyahishuwe bya Yesu Kristo rikuweho ikidodo, mbere gato y’uko igihe cy’imbabazi kirangira, kuko “igihe kiri bugufi,” uburyo Imana ivugana n’umuntu bugaragazwa mu buryo bwihariye nk’ubutumwa buvuye kuri Data, bugahabwa Umwana, na we akabuha marayika, hanyuma akabugeza ku muntu, na we akabwoherereza amatorero. Buri ntambwe yose y’iyo nzira y’itumanaho ni iyera kandi yera, kandi uko kwera kwejejwe kugaragazwa ku bimenyetso nyabuhanuzi aho Kristo abonekera ari We ubwe, cyangwa anyuze kuri marayika, umuntu cyangwa ubutumwa. Iyo Yifatanije ubwe mu buryo butaziguye n’ikimenyetso runaka, ni “mareh,” ni “iyerekwa ry’ishusho.”

> Ibyahishuwe bwa Yesu Kristo, ubwo Imana yamuhaye, kugira ngo yereke abagaragu bayo ibikwiye kuzabaho bidatinze; maze abumenyesha, abunyujije ku mumarayika wayo, abugeza ku mugaragu wayo Yohana: ari we wahamije ijambo ry’Imana n’ubuhamya bwa Yesu Kristo, n’ibyo byose yabonye. Hahirwa usoma, hahirwa n’abumva amagambo y’ubu buhanuzi kandi bakitondera ibyanditswemo: kuko igihe kiri bugufi. … Nuko arambwira ati: Ntugashyireho ikimenyetso ku magambo y’ubuhanuzi bw’iki gitabo, kuko igihe kiri bugufi. Ukiranirwa nakomeze akiranirwe: n’uwanduye nakomeze yandure: n’umukiranutsi nakomeze akiranuke: n’uwera nakomeze yere. Ibyahishuwe 1:1–3; 22:10, 11.

Mu gice cya munani, “chazon” ni irindi jambo ry’Igiheburayo risobanurwa ngo “iyerekwa.” Mu isano rifitanye n’“ukuboneka,” iyerekwa rya “marah” rigaragaza ikimenyetso cy’inzira, naho iyerekwa rya “chazon” rikagaragaza igihe cy’ubuhanuzi. Hariho uburinganire bw’ubumana mu magambo abiri asobanurwa ngo “iyerekwa” mu gice cya munani, mu buryo bw’uko ijambo ry’Igiheburayo “mareh” na ryo ryakoreshejwe na Daniyeli mu ishusho yaryo y’igitsinagore ya “marah.” Kuri “chazon,” Daniyeli ayigaragaza mu buryo bubiri, ariko si binyuze mu itandukaniro ry’igitsinagabo n’igitsinagore, ahubwo ni binyuze mu magambo abiri agaragaza igisobanuro kimwe, ariko muri uko kubikora, agakura mu buryo bwikuba incuro nyinshi.

Chazon bisobanura iyerekwa, cyangwa ubutumwa bw’Imana, cyangwa ubuhanuzi; kandi ijambo risobanurwa mu Cyongereza ngo “matter” cyangwa “thing” ni ijambo ry’Igiheburayo “dabar” risobanura “ijambo.” Iyo byumvikanye ko iyerekwa rya “chazon” na ryo Danieli arihagararira akoresheje ijambo “dabar,” icyo gihe byombi hamwe bihagararira ubutumwa bw’ubuhanuzi bw’Ijambo ry’Imana. Danieli buri gihe atandukanya “dabar” cyangwa “chazon” na “mareh.” Iyo bisuzumwe ku rwego rw’ubuhanuzi, “ubutumwa bw’ubuhanuzi bw’Ijambo ry’Imana,” nk’uko buhagarariwe na “dabar” na “chazon,” iyo buhujwe n’iyerekwa rya “marah” ry’ukugaragara kwa Kristo, icyo gihe uba ufite ibimenyetso byera biranga amateka y’ubuhanuzi bw’Ijambo ry’Imana. Nuko kandi iyo wongeyeho “marah,” ari yo nshinga y’igitsina gore y’ijambo “mareh,” ku murongo w’insobanuro z’iyerekwa muri Danieli, uba ufite iyerekwa ry’indorerwamo ry’ukugirwa umukiranutsi kubwo kwizera.

Mu iyerekwa rya nyuma rya Daniyeli, rigaragazwa n’ibice bitatu bya nyuma by’igitabo cye, Daniyeli agereranya abantu bo mu minsi y’imperuka basobanukiwe n’“iyerekwa ry’ubuhanuzi” ry’“Ijambo ry’Imana,” n’ubutungane bw’ibimenyetso byera byo mu nzira bigize urugendo rw’ivugurura rw’abo ijana na mirongo ine na bane, kuko ari bo bakurikira Umwana w’Intama aho ajya hose mu Ijambo rye ryera ry’ubuhanuzi. Uko bakurikira Umwana w’Intama, abayobora ku iyerekwa ry’indorerwamo ryo muri Daniyeli 10:7, aho bahitamo guhungira kwihisha munsi y’ubuyobe, aho bahambirwa iteka ryose, cyangwa bakicishwa bugufi mu mukungugu, bagatsindishirizwa kandi bagahabwa imbaraga zo gutanga ubutumwa bw’ubuhanuzi bwo mu minsi y’imperuka.

Gaburiyeli ategeka Daniyeli “gusobanukirwa” byombi, ari cyo “kintu” n’“iyerekwa.” Ijambo ry’Igiheburayo ryahinduwemo “gusobanukirwa” risobanura “gushyira itandukaniro mu bitekerezo.” Daniyeli, uhagarariye wowe nanjye, musomyi nkunda, yategetswe gusobanukirwa itandukaniro n’umwihariko biri hagati y’“ikintu” n’“iyerekwa.” Iyerekwa rya chazon rihagarariye umurongo wo hanze w’amateka y’ubuhanuzi, naho iyerekwa rya mareh rigahagararira ukuboneka kwa Kristo. “Ikintu” n’“ijambo” ni ijambo ry’Igiheburayo “dabar,” risobanura ijambo. Yesu ni we “dabar,” kuko ari Jambo. “Ikintu” n’“ijambo,” byombi kuba ari “dabar,” byerekanwa bifitanye isano n’iyerekwa ry’ukuboneka.

Ijambo, ari ryo kibazo n’ikintu, ni na none icyerekwa cya chazon cyo mu gice cya munani, kandi kigereranya icyerekwa cy’amateka y’ubuhanuzi. Buri kimwe muri ibyo bigereranyo (chazon, dabar, ikibazo n’ikintu) kigaragaza umurongo w’inyuma w’ubuhanuzi, naho mareh, n’imvugo yayo y’igitsina gore ya marah, bigereranya umurongo w’imbere w’ubuhanuzi. Abantu b’Imana bo mu minsi y’imperuka, bagereranyijwe mu murongo wa mbere wa Daniyeli icumi, basobanukirwa imirongo yombi—uw’imbere n’uw’inyuma—y’amateka y’ubuhanuzi. Mu gitabo cy’Ibyahishuwe, umurongo w’imbere ugereranywa n’amatorero arindwi, naho umurongo w’inyuma ugereranywa n’ibimenyetso birindwi.

Igihe Daniyeli yabonaga iyerekwa rya Kristo nyuma yo kwiyiriza ubusa iminsi makumyabiri n’umwe, yabonye ishusho y’igitsinagore y’iyerekwa rya mareh. Mareh ni “ukugaragara,” kandi ubwo Daniyeli yabonaga Kristo, yabonye iyerekwa rya “marah”; kandi nubwo mareh risobanura ukugaragara, igitsinagore cy’iryo jambo nyir’izina gisobanura “indorerwamo.” Mushiki wacu White atumenyesha ko iyerekwa Daniyeli yabonye ari ryo yerekwa Yohana yabonye, kandi Yohana yabonye iryo yerekwa igihe Kristo yari mu buturo bwera bwo mu ijuru.

> “Igihe Gaburiyeli yasuraga, umuhanuzi Daniyeli ntiyashoboye kwakira andi mabwiriza; ariko nyuma y’imyaka mike, yifuza kurushaho kumenya ibyerekeye ingingo zitarasobanurwa mu buryo bwuzuye, yongera kwiha gushaka umucyo n’ubwenge bituruka ku Mana. ‘Muri iyo minsi jyewe Daniyeli nari mu muborogo ibyumweru bitatu byuzuye. Sinariye umutsima uryoshye, kandi inyama na vino ntibyigeze bigera mu kanwa kanjye, kandi sinisize amavuta na gato.... Hanyuma nerekeza amaso yanjye hejuru, ndareba, maze mbona umuntu wari wambaye imyenda y’igitare, ikibuno cye kiboshyweho izahabu nziza y’i Uphazi. Umubiri we nawo wasaga na berili, kandi mu maso he hasaga n’umurabyo, amaso ye ameze nk’amatabaza y’umuriro, amaboko ye n’ibirenge bye bisa n’umuringa usennye neza, kandi ijwi ry’amagambo ye rimeze nk’ijwi ry’imbaga nyamwinshi.’

> “Nta wundi utari Umwana w’Imana ubwe ni we wabonekeye Daniyeli. Uko yasobanuwe ni nk’uko Yohana yamubonye igihe Kristo yamuhishurirwaga ku Kirwa cya Patimo. Ubu Umwami wacu azananye n’undi mumarayika wo mu ijuru kugira ngo yigishwe Daniyeli ibyagombaga kuzabaho mu minsi ya nyuma. Ubu bumenyi Daniyeli yabuherewe kandi bwandikwa ku bw’ihishurirwa kugira ngo butugereho twe abo imperuka y’isi yasohoreweho.”

> “Ukuri gukomeye kwahishuwe n’Umucunguzi w’isi ni ukw’abashakashaka ukuri nk’aho bashaka ubutunzi bwahishwe. Daniyeli yari ageze mu zabukuru. Ubuzima bwe bwari bwaramaze hagati y’ibishuko by’urukiko rw’abapagani, ubwenge bwe buremerewe n’imirimo y’ubwami bukomeye; nyamara yitandukanya n’ibyo byose kugira ngo yicishe bugufi imbere y’Imana, kandi ashake kumenya imigambi y’Isumbabyose. Kandi mu gusubiza kwinginga kwe, umucyo wo mu bikari byo mu ijuru watanzwe ku bw’abagombaga kuzabaho mu minsi y’imperuka. None se, ni ukuhe gushikama twagombye gushakisha Imana nako, kugira ngo iduhishurire ubwenge bwacu, tubashe gusobanukirwa ukuri twazaniwe tuvuye mu Ijuru.” Review and Herald, 8 Gashyantare 1881.

## Abantu 144.000

Daniyeli asobanukirwa “ikintu” n’ “iyerekwa,” kandi avugwa ko ari Daniyeli kandi nanone ko ari Beluteshazari. Guhindurwa kw’izina mu buhanuzi kugereranya isano y’isezerano, bityo Daniyeli agereranya ubwoko bw’isezerano bwo mu gihe cy’imperuka, ari bo ibihumbi ijana na mirongo ine na bine, bageragerezwa n’iyerekwa rya Kristo mu rusengero. Iryo geragezwa ritera gutandukanywa kw’amatsinda abiri y’abaramya.

> Nuko jyewe Daniyeli ubwanjye ni jye jyenyine wabonye ibyo yeretswe; kuko abagabo bari kumwe nanjye batabonye ibyo yeretswe; ariko bahagurukiwe no guhinda umushyitsi gukomeye, bituma bahunga kugira ngo bihishe. Daniyeli 10:7.

Daniyeli arimo aragaragaza neza ikigeragezo cya kabiri n’icy’urusengero gifitanye isano n’ubwoko bw’Imana bwo mu minsi y’imperuka; ikigeragezo gishingiye ku kubona Kristo mu buturo bwo mu ijuru. Iyerekwa ryo mu murongo wa karindwi ni igitsina gore cy’iyerekwa rya *mareh*, rigaragazwa nk’iyerekwa rya *marah*. Nuhindura uko wakiriye iyerekwa ry’urusengero rya Kristo nk’uko ryagaragajwe n’uko Daniyeli yarakiriye, “ikintu” cy’ubuhanuzi n’“iyerekwa” ry’ubuhanuzi bizahishurirwa.

Niwifatanya n’iryo yerekwa nyaryo ry’urusengero rya Kristo uhungira kwihisha, ujya mu mwijima w’iteka ryose. Ikigeragezo cy’urusengero, ari na cyo kigeragezo cya kabiri mu ntambwe eshatu z’ubutumwa bwiza bw’iteka ryose, kibanzirizwa n’ikigeragezo cya mbere kandi shingiro. Ikibazo cy’igeragezwa cy’imfatiro kigereranywa mu murongo wa cumi na kane wa Daniyeli cumi n’umwe, aho Roma igereranywa nk’“abambuzi b’ubwoko bwawe” bashyiraho “iyerekwa.”

## Igihe Kiri Bugufi

Iminsi itatu n’igice nyuma y’ugucika intege kwo ku wa 18 Nyakanga 2020, ku wa 31 Ukuboza 2023 ihishurwa rya Yesu Kristo ryatangiye gukurwaho ibimenyetso, kuko “igihe cyari kigeze hafi.”

> Hahirwa usoma, n’abumva amagambo y’ubu buhanuzi, bakubahiriza n’ibyanditswemo; kuko igihe kiri bugufi. … Maze arambwira ati: Ntugashyire ikimenyetso ku magambo y’ubuhanuzi bw’iki gitabo, kuko igihe kiri bugufi. Ibyahishuwe 1:3; 22:10.

“igihe” kigaragaza ihishurwa ry’Ibyahishuwe bya Yesu Kristo kivugwa mu ntangiriro y’Igitabo cy’Ibyahishuwe, kandi ku iherezo ry’icyo gitabo iryo tangazo nyir’izina ryongerwaho ku mvugo ya alpha n’imvugo ya omega.

Ihishurirwa rya Yesu Kristo rikurwaho ikimenyetso gato mbere y’isozwa ry’igihe cy’igeragezwa. Ku munsi wa makumyabiri na kabiri, nyuma y’igisibo cy’iminsi makumyabiri n’umwe, “ikintu,” ari na cyo kandi “ikibazo,” ari na cyo kandi dabar cyangwa Ijambo, ari na cyo kandi iyerekwa rya chazon ry’amateka y’ubuhanuzi yo hanze, byahishuriwe Daniyeli ubwo yabonaga iyerekwa rya marah, nk’indorerwamo, ry’Umutambyi Mukuru wo mu ijuru mu Ahera Cyane.

Daniyeli ahagarariye abafite uburambe bw’iyerekwa ry’indorerwamo, kandi banasobanukiwe n’uko Kristo agaragara mu buhanuzi, kimwe n’amateka yo hanze ashushanywa n’iyerekwa rya chazon. Iyerekwa rya marah rigereranya Kristo nk’ikimenyetso cy’inzira cy’ubuhanuzi, kandi igitsina gore cy’iryo jambo nyirizina kigereranya uburambe buturuka ku kwitegereza ubwiza bw’Imana, nk’uko bigaragazwa na Daniyeli, Yohana, Yesaya, Mushiki wacu White n’abandi bahanuzi.

Kuri uru rwego, iyerekwa ryo hanze rya chazon rihagarariye ikigeragezo cy’ishingiro, kandi iyerekwa rya mareh ry’ukwigaragaza kwa Kristo mu ruhererekane rw’ibyabaye by’ubuhanuzi ni ikigeragezo cy’urusengero. Mbese Kristo yagaragariye Ahera Cyane h’imbere mu Ahera Cyane hawe bwite? Aho ni ho Ubumana bwifatanya n’ubumuntu. Iki ni cyo kigeragezo kigomba gutsindwa neza mbere y’uko igihe cy’igeragezwa kirangira ku kigeragezo cya litimusi. Ikigeragezo cya litimusi kigaragaza imico ni iyerekwa rya marah ry’indorerwamo.

Ku wa 31 Ukuboza 2023, ikigeragezo cyo hanze cy’urufatiro cyatangiye ku birebana n’“abajura b’ubwoko bwawe” bo mu murongo wa cumi na kane; kandi igihe papa uriho ubu yimikwaga ku wa 8 Gicurasi 2025, “iyerekwa” ryo mu murongo wa cumi na kane ryarashinzwe. Ikigeragezo cy’urufatiro cyimukiye ku kigeragezo cy’urusengero. Uhereye ku wa 9 Gicurasi 2025, ikigeragezo cy’urusengero cyatangiye gukorwa. Izuka ry’abahamya babiri ku wa 31 Ukuboza 2023 ryagereranyijwe n’umurongo wa cumi na umwe wo mu Ibyahishuwe igice cya cumi na kimwe, kandi izuka ryatangiye kuri uwo munsi ryabereye mu gihe cy’Intambara ya Ukraine yatangiye mu 2014, ikaza gukomera cyane mu 2022. Imirongo y’ubuhanuzi yo hanze n’iyo imbere yahuriraniye muri ayo mateka. Ku wa 31 Ukuboza 2023, umurimo wo gushyiraho urufatiro wari urimo gukorwa, umurimo washushanyijwe n’amateka yo kuva mu 1798 kugera mu 1840, kandi na none no kuva mu 1840 kugera mu 1844, kandi na none no kuva ku wa 19 Mata 1844 kugera ku wa 22 Ukwakira 1844.

Daniyeli cumi na kimwe umurongo wa cumi n’umwe, wageze mu mateka nk’umurongo wo hanze w’ubuhanuzi kandi uhuza n’ayo mateka nyir’izina ariwo murongo w’imbere w’Ibyahishuwe cumi na kimwe. Mu mwaka wa 2014, Intambara yo muri Ukraine yaratangiye, nk’uko yashushanyijwe n’intambara ya Raphia yo mu mwaka wa 217 mbere ya Kristo. Mu mwaka wa 2015, umwami wa kane kandi urushije abandi ubutunzi wo mu murongo wa kabiri wa Daniyeli cumi na kimwe, arahaguruka atangaza umugambi we wo kwiyamamariza umwanya wa perezida. Iryo tangazo ryarakaje cyane abaguzi b’isi bafite umutima wa kiyoka, bashushanywa nk’ingoma y’Ubugiriki.

Ibyahishuwe 11, umurongo wa 11, hagaragaje ko ku wa 31 Ukuboza 2023 ari ho abahamya babiri bazukiye. Igihe cyo kuva ku wa 18 Nyakanga 2020 kugeza ku wa 31 Ukuboza 2023 cyahise gisobanurwa ko ari “ubutayu” bw’ubuhanuzi. Mu isoza ry’“igihe cy’ubutayu,” ijwi ryatangiye gutaka muri Nyakanga 2023, hanyuma, nyuma y’iminsi igihumbi na magana abiri na mirongo itandatu nyakuri ibazwe uhereye ku buhanuzi bw’i Nashville butasohoye bwo ku wa 18 Nyakanga 2020, Intare yo mu muryango wa Yuda itangira gukuraho ibimenyetso ku Ijambo ryayo ry’ubuhanuzi. Gukurwaho kw’ibimenyetso ku Ijambo ry’Imana ry’ubuhanuzi buri gihe bitanga inzira y’igeragezwa y’intambwe eshatu, nk’uko byashyizweho muri Daniyeli 12.

> Benshi bazezwa, bahumanurwe, kandi bageragerezwe; ariko abanyabyaha bazakomeza gukora iby’ubugome; kandi nta n’umwe wo muri bo uzabisobanukirwa; ariko abanyabwenge bo bazabisobanukirwa. Daniyeli 12:10.

Mu Byahishuwe cumi n’icyenda, umugeni yitegura, hanyuma agahabwa umwenda wera. Iyo myambaro yera igereranya ko umugeni yiteguye, kandi ibyo bibaho mu Byahishuwe cumi n’icyenda igihe amadirishya yo mu ijuru afunguwe. Mbere y’uko umugeni yereshwa umwambaro w’ubutungane bwa Kristo, abanza kwezwa.

Ku wa 31 Ukuboza 2023, ikigeragezo cy’urufatiro cyatangiye kugira ngo gitunganye abari kuzaba abera. Iryo tunganywa rigerwaho binyuze mu kwiyongera k’ubumenyi, kuko Intare yo mu muryango wa Yuda yahise itangira gukuraho ibimenyetso by’ihishurirwa rye rya nyuma ryerekeye uwo ari we. Iryo hishurirwa rikubiyemo ko ari we rufatiro rwonyine rushobora gushyirwaho. Kwanga ukuri kw’ishingiro kugaragaza ko Roma ari “abambuzi b’ubwoko bwawe,” ni ukwanga urufatiro rwonyine rushobora gushyirwaho.

Ku wa 31 Ukuboza 2023 hatangiye igikorwa cyo kugeragezwa cyahise gitera itandukaniro ry’amatsinda abiri. Intare yo mu muryango wa Yuda ubu yahishuye ko isohozwa ry’amateka ry’umurongo wa cumi na kane ryabaye ku wa 8 Gicurasi 2025, kandi ubwo yabikoraga; yemeje uburyo Miller yamenye Roma nk’ikimenyetso gishyiraho iyerekwa ry’inyuma ry’ubuhanuzi. Igihe Trump yagarukaga mu 2024, yasohoje umurongo wa cumi na gatatu wa Daniyeli cumi na umwe, maze mu murongo ukurikiyeho, tugaragaza umwaka wa 2025, hamwe n’itorwa rya papa Leo. Trump n’uwo bahanganye na we, antikristo, bombi barahiriye imirimo yabo mu 2025.

Amatariki tumenya muri uru rugendo ni, mu by’ukuri, ukurebera inyuma kwejejwe. Tumenya igihe cy’imperuka ko ari 1989, hanyuma ishyirwaho mu buryo bwemewe ry’ubutumwa ryabaye mu 1996. Kuri 9/11 ubutumwa bwari bwarashyizweho mu buryo bwemewe bwahawe imbaraga. Mu gutanga Imbonerahamwe za Habakkuk mu 2012, bikarangira muri Mutarama 2013, ni bwo urufatiro rwashyizweho.

Ku wa 18 Nyakanga 2020 ni bwo hageze ugutenguhwa kwa mbere, hanyuma muri Nyakanga 2023 ijwi ritangira gutaka mu butayu, maze ku wa 31 Ukuboza 2023 hatangira gukurwaho ikimenyetso ku Byahishuwe bya Yesu Kristo kandi hatangira ikigeragezo cya mbere cy’ishingiro cyo hanze.

Ku wa 8 Gicurasi 2025 hatangiye igerageza rya kabiri ry’urusengero ryo mu mutima. Ikigeragezo cya gatatu cy’igereranya kiri hafi cyane. Aho ni ho bizagaragarira neza niba umutima ufite amavuta y’ubutumwa ahagarariwe n’ikigeragezo cya mbere kandi cyo hanze, hamwe n’amavuta aherekeza y’ikigeragezo cya kabiri cyo mu mutima. Iryo geragezwa rihagarariye ibigeragezo byo hanze, bigakurikirwa n’ibyo mu mutima, hanyuma bikurikirwa n’iby’ubunararibonye.

Umurongo w’imbere w’ubuhanuzi ugizwe n’ibimenyetso by’inzira byabanje navuze. Buri kimwe muri ibyo bimenyetso by’inzira gihura n’ibimenyetso by’inzira bihuye na byo mu mateka y’Abamilerite. Umwaka wa 1798, nk’igihe cy’iherezo, uhuye na 1989, na wo akaba ari igihe cy’iherezo. Aho Intare yo mu muryango wa Yuda yahambuye Ikimenyetso ku Ijambo ryayo, kuko ari We Jambo. Igihe Abadivantisiti basohozaga uruhare rw’umuhanuzi w’icyigomeke ku buyobe bw’ishingiro bwa Yerobowamu, basubira kurya hamwe n’umuhanuzi w’ibinyoma w’i Beteli, basubiye ku mpaka z’Abaporotesitanti baguye zakoreshejwe mu kurwanya uko William Miller yagaragaje ibihe birindwi. Kubera iyo mpamvu, ntibumva byuzuye, niba banabyumva na busa, impamvu 1863 ari cyo kimenyetso cy’inzira cya nyuma cy’umur movement ya alpha y’abamarayika ba mbere n’uwa kabiri.

Kubera iyo mpamvu, kuri bo ntacyo bivuze ko ari imyaka 126, ikimenyetso cya 1,260, ikimenyetso cy’“ubutayu” bukwira mu mateka kuva mu 1863 kugeza mu gihe cy’imperuka mu 1989. Mu iherezo ry’imyaka mirongo ine, Yosuwa yayoboye uwo mutwe yinjira mu Gihugu cy’Isezerano. Mu 1989 Uwiteka yatangiye umurimo wo kuyobora umutwe We wa omega ubusohoka mu “butayu” bwo kuva mu 1863 kugeza mu 1989, nk’uko yari yaravanye umutwe wa alpha mu “butayu” bwo kuva mu 538 kugeza mu 1798.

Mu 1989, iyerekwa ry’Uruzi Hiddekel rishushanya ibice bitatu bya nyuma by’igitabo cya Daniyeli ryafunguwe, nk’uko iyerekwa ry’Uruzi Ulai rishushanya ibice bya 7, 8 na 9 bya Daniyeli ryafunguwe mu 1798. Nyuma y’imyaka magana abiri na makumyabiri Bibiliya ya King James isohowe, William Miller yasohoye ubutumwa bwe bushingiye ku iyerekwa rya Ulai ku ncuro ya mbere, bityo abushyira mu buryo bwemewe mu 1831; nk’uko n’ubutumwa bwa Hiddekel bwasohowe ku ncuro ya mbere mu 1996, nyuma y’imyaka magana abiri na makumyabiri kuva mu 1776, aho igihugu cy’ikuzo cya Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika cyavukiye.

Gushyira mu buryo bwanditse kandi bunoze bw’uwo butumwa kwa Miller, hashize imyaka magana abiri na makumyabiri nyuma ya verisiyo ya King James, kugaragaza ko William Miller ari we ntumwa yera ya mbere cyane yakoresheje ubuhanuzi bwo muri Bibiliya, haba mu Isezerano rya Kera no mu Isezerano Rishya, kugira ngo azane ububyutse n’ivugurura. Bibiliya ni iya Kimana, kandi yahuranye n’ubumuntu nyuma y’imyaka 220 kugira ngo itange ubutumwa bwa Ulai.

Yesu ni Alufa na Omega, kandi ni we Jambo ry’Imana, rero ugusohorwa kwa Verisiyo ya King James ya Bibiliya mu 1611 gushyira Yesu kuri 1611 kandi no kuri 1831. Kristo aboneka mu gihe cy’iherezo ari Intare yo mu muryango wa Yuda, hanyuma ubwo ubutumwa bushyizwe mu buryo bwemewe aba ari Alufa na Omega kandi ari Jambo. Isano rya Miller n’itangiriro riramenyekana ko byombi, intangiriro n’iherezo, bishimangira ugusohora ubutumwa. 1776 kugeza kuri 1996 bifite imiterere imwe, nubwo bitandukanye.

Ubutumwa bwa Hidekeli ni ubutumwa bw’itegeko ryo ku Cyumweru muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika nk’uko bugaragazwa mu murongo wa mirongo ine n’umwe wa Daniyeli cumi n’umwe. Umwaka wa 1776 n’itangazwa ry’Inyandiko y’Ubwigenge byerekana intangiriro y’igihe cy’imyaka magana abiri na makumyabiri cyasojwe n’itangazwa ryiswe, ku bw’ubuyobozi bw’Imana ariko ritahawe iryo zina ku bushake, Time of the End. Muri uwo mwaka nyine, 1996, twahawe ikigo cy’umurimo gifite izina rya Future for America. Ubutumwa bw’igihugu cy’ikuzo, ari cyo Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, bwahawe ishusho yemewe bufite isano itaziguye hagati y’intangiriro n’iherezo by’ubuhanuzi. Buri kimenyetso gikuru cyose cy’amateka y’Abamilerite cyongeye gusohora munsi y’umurongo uyobora w’umugani w’abakobwa icumi. Ibi bihe byombi by’imyaka magana abiri na makumyabiri bifite intangiriro n’iherezo birangwa n’itangazwa ry’inyandiko.

Ubutumwa n’uburyo Miller yakoresheje byemejwe kandi bihabwa imbaraga n’isohozwa rya Isilamu ry’akaga ka kabiri. Icyo Uwiteka yakoresheje mu guha ubutumwa imbaraga ni ihame rya Miller ry’umunsi umwe uhwana n’umwaka umwe, kandi ihame ryahaye imbaraga ubutumwa n’uburyo bwabwo ku wa 9/11 ni ryo kumanuka kw’umumarayika wo mu Byahishuwe igice cya cumi n’umunani kwasubiyemo kumanuka yari yarakoze ku wa 11 Kanama 1840 nk’uko bigaragazwa mu gice cya cumi cy’Ibyahishuwe. Abo bamarayika bombi bahagarariye ukuboneka kwa Kristo k’ubuhanuzi nk’umumarayika. Ihame rifatiyeho cyane urugendo rwo ku wa 9/11 nk’uko ihame ry’umunsi umwe uhwana n’umwaka umwe ryari rifatiyeho cyane urugendo rwo ku wa 11 Kanama 1840, ni uko amateka y’Abamillerite asubirwamo mu mateka y’abihumbi ijana na mirongo ine na bine.

Igihe isohora ry’ubuhanuzi bujyanye na Isilamu bw’akaga ka gatatu ryageraga mu mateka ya omega n’aya marayika wa gatatu, rigahuza n’isohozwa ry’ubuhanuzi bujyanye na Isilamu bw’akaga ka mbere n’akaga ka kabiri ryageraga mu mateka ya alpha n’aya marayika wa mbere n’uwa kabiri—ihame ry’uko amateka y’Abamillerite asubirwamo mu mateka y’abihumbi ijana na mirongo ine na bine ryahamijwe neza nk’uko ihame rya Miller ry’umunsi ku mwaka ryari ryarahamijwe ku birebana n’akaga ka mbere n’akaga ka kabiri byo mu Byahishuwe 9. Bamwe bashobora kuba bazi ubuhanuzi bw’igihe bw’imyaka magana atatu na mirongo cyenda n’umwe n’iminsi cumi n’itanu bugaragazwa mu Byahishuwe 9:15, ariko ntibasobanukirwe n’ingingo nabanje kuvuga. Reka nyisobanure.

Ibyago bya mbere n’ibya kabiri bihuzwa n’amateka y’abamarayika ba mbere n’aba kabiri, kandi amateka y’akaga ka gatatu ahuzwa n’amateka y’umumarayika wa gatatu. Ingingo iri hano ni uko aho guhera ku myaka magana atatu na mirongo cyenda n’umwe n’iminsi cumi n’itanu byagaragajwe mu mateka y’akaga ka kabiri biboneka mu mateka y’akaga ka mbere. Mu mateka y’akaga ka mbere ko mu Ibyahishuwe 9 harimo ubuhanuzi bw’imyaka ijana na mirongo itanu, kandi umunsi icyo gihe cy’ubuhanuzi kirangiraho ni wo ubuhanuzi bw’imyaka magana atatu na mirongo cyenda n’umwe n’iminsi cumi n’itanu butangiriraho. Ubu buhanuzi bubiri buhuza mu buryo butaziguye akaga ka mbere n’akaga ka kabiri, bityo ubwo ubuhanuzi bwerekeye Isilamu bwahanuwaga hashingiwe ku ihame ry’umunsi ku mwaka, ubwo buhanuzi bwari ubuhanuzi bw’akaga ka mbere n’akaga ka kabiri ka Isilamu, kandi ubwo ni bwo butumwa bwemeje uburyo bwa Miller n’ubutumwa bwe mu mateka y’abamarayika ba mbere n’aba kabiri.

Igihe ayo mateka yasozwaga ku wa 22 Ukwakira 1844, impanda ya karindwi yatangiye kuvuza; kandi impanda ya karindwi ni yo mubabaro wa gatatu, kandi ni yo ibanga ry’ubumana, ari ryo Kristo muri mwe, ibyiringiro by’ubwiza. Iyo mpanda ni ubutumwa bw’imbuzi bwo hanze kandi ni ubutumwa bw’imbuzi bwo imbere. Ni cyo gituma ubuhanuzi bw’imyaka 2,520 bufitanye isano n’umwaka wa karindwi w’ikiruhuko cy’ubutaka, bukubiyemo na yubile. Ku wa 22 Ukwakira 1844 impanda ya karindwi yatangiye kuvuza mu isohozwa ry’ubuhanuzi bw’imyaka 2,520 n’ubw’imyaka 2,300.

> Ahubwo mu minsi y’ijwi ry’umumarayika wa karindwi, ubwo azatangira kuvuza, ibanga ry’Imana rizaba rirangiye, nk’uko yabibwiye abagaragu bayo, ari bo bahanuzi. Ibyahishuwe 10:7.

Ku wa 22 Ukwakira 1844 hari umunsi w’Impongano, kandi impanda ya yubile yagombaga kuvuzwa ku munsi w’Impongano. Uhereye icyo gihe, turi kubaho mu mateka ya marayika wa gatatu, kandi nanone no mu ya makuba ya gatatu, ari yo mpanda ya karindwi. Ku wa 11 Kanama 1840 marayika ukomeye wo mu Ibyahishuwe 10 yamanutse kugira ngo amurikishe isi ubwiza bwe, nk’uko marayika wo mu Ibyahishuwe 18 yabigenje kuri 9/11.

Mu mpera za 2012 kugeza muri Mutarama 2013, hasohotse urukurikirane rwiswe Imbonerahamwe za Habakuki, kandi rwahuye n’itangazwa ry’imbonerahamwe y’abapayiniya yo mu 1843 ryasohotse muri Gicurasi 1842. Ni bwo hashyizweho urufatiro rw’uwo mutwe, rwaba rwari urw’umutwe wa alufa w’umumarayika wa mbere n’uwa kabiri, cyangwa urw’umutwe w’umumarayika wa gatatu; imbonerahamwe ebyiri za Habakuki zari ziboshywe mu mateka no mu butumwa. Ubuhanuzi bwatsinzwe bwo ku wa 18 Nyakanga 2020 bwari buhuje n’uwa 19 Mata 1844, kandi igihe cyo gutinda cyo muri wa mugani cyari cyaratangiye.

Ubutayu bw’iminsi 1.260 bwarangiye igihe cyo gukurwaho ikimenyetso cy’umwihariko cyo ku wa 31 Ukuboza 2023. Ni byiza kwibuka ko Kristo yasukuriye urusengero Rwe incuro ebyiri aruvanaho uguhumanywa kwarwo gutukana kwera, nk’uko Mushiki wa White abyita. Ibyo yabikoze mu ntangiriro no ku iherezo ry’umurimo We, bituma uko gusukura kwombi kuba ugusukura kwa Alufa n’Omega.

Mushiki White ahuza mu buryo bugaragara kwezwa kwa mbere kw’urusengero na 9/11 hamwe n’ijwi rya mbere, iryo agaragaza ko ari imirongo itatu ya mbere yo mu Byahishuwe igice cya cumi n’umunani. Hanyuma agaragaza ko “irindi jwi” ryo mu murongo wa kane ari kwezwa kwa kabiri kw’urusengero, kandi nanone ko ari itegeko ryo ku Cyumweru. Ku wa 19 Mata 1844 habaye kwezwa kwa mbere kw’urusengero ku ba-Millerite, naho ku wa 22 Ukwakira 1844 habaye kwezwa kwa kabiri. Mu myaka mirongo ine n’itandatu kuva mu 1798 kugeza mu 1844, urusengero rw’aba-Millerite rwarubatswe, kandi ishusho y’urusengero rw’aba-Millerite yubakwa mu buryo bwa fractal iboneka mu mateka y’izo ncuro ebyiri zo gutenguha, zombi zigereranya kwezwa kw’urusengero. Ayo mateka arebana n’urusengero.

Kuva ku wa 18 Nyakanga 2020 kugeza ku wa 31 Ukuboza 2023, abageni b’isugi barasinziriye mu gihe cyo gutinda. Iyo bakangutse, bakangukira ku nshingano yabo yo gushyiraho urufatiro no kubaka urusengero. Kuva icyo gihe Kristo, nk’Intare yo mu muryango wa Yuda, yakomeje gukuraho ibimenyetso ku mucyo w’ubuhanuzi; kandi umucyo w’ubuhanuzi ukuweho ibimenyetso buri gihe ubyara uburyo bw’ibigeragezo by’intambwe eshatu, burangirira ku kigeragezo ntarengwa aho imico igaragarizwa, ariko ntiyigera iremwa aho. Kuri icyo kigeragezo ntarengwa, abageni b’isugi b’indahemuka bazahabwa isukwa rya Mwuka Wera risumba buri kugaragazwa kw’imbaraga z’Imana mu bantu b’Imana kwigeze kwandikwa. Hazabaho ukwiyongera k’umucyo kutigeze kubonwa mbere hose. Bityo rero, ndaza gutanga undi murongo w’amateka ushyigikira ishusho y’ihurirana ry’amateka y’Abamilerite n’ay’abihumbi ijana na mirongo ine na bane.

> Ariko wowe, Daniyeli, uhishe ayo magambo, kandi ushire ikimenyetso kuri icyo gitabo, kugeza mu gihe cy’imperuka: benshi bazajya hirya no hino, kandi ubumenyi buzagwira. Nuko aravuga ati: Genda, Daniyeli, kuko ayo magambo ahishwe kandi ashyiriweho ikimenyetso kugeza mu gihe cy’imperuka. Benshi bazezwa, bazatunganywa, kandi bazageragezwa; ariko abanyabyaha bazakomeza gukora ibyaha: kandi nta n’umwe wo mu banyabyaha uzasobanukirwa; ahubwo abanyabwenge bazasobanukirwa. Daniyeli 12:4, 9, 10.

Tuzakomeza ibyo bintu mu ngingo ikurikira.

## Ubumwe buhebuje

Elon Musk yavuze ku wa 21 Gashyantare 2026 ko “ubu turi mu ‘singularity’”.

## Ikoranabuhanga ry’Ubutungane Bumwe

“Ubusumbane bw’ikoranabuhanga” (akenshi bwitwa gusa “ubusumbane”) ni ingingo y’igihe kizaza itekerezwa, aho iterambere ry’ikoranabuhanga—rishingiye cyane cyane ku bwenge buhangano—riba ryihuta kandi rikagira imbaraga ku buryo ryihutira kurenga ubushobozi bw’abantu bwo kurigenzura no kurisobanukirwa, bigatuma habaho impinduka zitateganyijwe kandi zikomeye cyane mu mico n’imibereho by’inyokomuntu. Igitekerezo cy’ingenzi ni iturika ry’ubwenge: iyo tumaze kurema sisitemu y’ubwenge buhangano irusha ubwenge abantu b’abanyabwenge kurusha abandi bose (akenshi yitwa Artificial Superintelligence cyangwa ASI), iyo sisitemu ishobora kwisubiramo no kwiteza imbere ubwayo vuba kurusha uko itsinda iryo ari ryo ryose ry’abantu ryabishobora. Ibyo birema uruziga rw’ukwiteza imbere kwisubiramo, aho ubushobozi bwikuba kabiri incuro ku yindi mu bihe bigufi cyane (iminsi → amasaha → iminota), bigatuma izindi mpinduka zikurikiraho ziba nk’iturika kandi ntibishoboke ko “abantu bo mbere y’ubusumbane” baziteganya cyangwa baziyobora mu buryo bufite ireme. Ijambo “ubusumbane” ryatijwe muri fiziki no mu mibare, aho muri “umwobo wirabura,” ubusumbane ari ho imbaraga z’ukwegurirwa ziba zitagira iherezo kandi amategeko ya fiziki dusanzwe tuzi ntabe akiriho—ntitubasha kubona cyangwa guteganya ibibaho hakurya y’imbibi z’ibibaho.

Mu buryo nk’ubwo, ugusumbana kw’ikoranabuhanga gufatwa nk’“igipimo ndengabaganza” mu mateka: dushobora guhanura imigendekere y’ibintu kugeza kuri iyo ngingo, ariko nyuma yayo, ahazaza hacura umwijima ku bwenge bwa muntu butongerewe ubushobozi.

## Amateka Magufi n’Abatekereza Bayo B’Ingenzi

Mu myaka ya 1950—Imbuto za mbere zigaragara mu mirimo y’umuhanga mu mibare John von Neumann (wavuze ku kwihuta kw’impinduka mu ikoranabuhanga) n’umuhanga mu mibare akaba n’impuguke mu gutahura no guhanga amabanga I.J. Good (we mu 1965 wasobanuye “iturika ry’ubwenge” ryabaho igihe imashini zishushanya izirusha kuba nziza).

1993—Umuhanga mu bya mudasobwa akaba n’umwanditsi w’ibitabo bya siyansi n’ibitekerezwa ku by’ejo hazaza, Vernor Vinge, yamamaje igitekerezo cya none muri inyandiko ye yise *The Coming Technological Singularity*. Yahanuye ko tuzaremba ubwenge buruta ubw’umuntu ahagana hagati ya 2005–2030, hanyuma nyuma yaho “igihe cy’abantu” kikarangira (mu buryo bw’uko abantu badafashijwe batakongera kuba ubwenge buganje).

2005—Umuhimbyi/umuhanuzi w’ahazaza Ray Kurzweil azana icyo gitekerezo mu rwego rw’ibitekerezo byitabwaho cyane n’abantu benshi binyuze mu gitabo cye, *The Singularity Is Near*. Avuga ko singularity izagera ahagana mu mwaka wa 2045, itewe n’izamuka ryihuta mu buryo bw’iterambere rikura ku gipimo gikuba inshuro nyinshi mu mbaraga z’ikoranabuhanga ryo kubara no gutunganya amakuru (rikurikije amategeko ye yise *Law of Accelerating Returns*), nanotekinoloji, biotekinoloji, n’imikoranire hagati y’ubwonko na mudasobwa. Yakomeje gushimangira uko kugena igihe, kandi vuba aha yongeye kwemeza AGI 2029 na singularity ~2045.

## Ibiteganyijwe ku by’ibihe (nk’uko byari bimeze mu ntangiriro za 2026)

Mu myaka mike ishize, ibiteganywa byaragabanutse cyane ku buryo bugaragara bitewe n’iterambere ryihuta cyane ry’inyandiko-ngero z’indimi nini, za sisitemu z’ibitekerezo, n’amategeko yo gupima no kwaguka: Ibitekerezo bikaze cyane kandi byegereye igihe cya vuba (2026–2027): Bamwe mu bayobozi bakomeye mu bya AI (urugero nka Dario Amodei wa Anthropic, Elon Musk) batangaje ku mugaragaro ko ubwenge buruta cyane ubw’umuntu cyangwa ikintu gifite mu mikorere gihwanye n’igihita gitera singularity bushobora kuza hakiri kare mu 2026 cyangwa mu gihe cy’imyaka 1–3.

Ubushakashatsi bw’impuzandengo z’impuguke buracyakusanyiriza hamwe ibitekerezo ku myaka ya 2040–2050 nk’igihe kizabonekamo ubwenge ndengakamere busesuye / singularité.

## Amatsinda abiri y’ingaruka zishoboka

By’icyizere / iby’icyizere gikabije → ubusagambe bukabije, ukurandura indwara n’ubukene, kudapfa ku buryo bufatika binyuze mu kwimurira ubwenge mu buryo bwa mudasobwa cyangwa ubuvuzi bukoresha nanotekinoloji, kwihuza kw’ikiremwamuntu na AI (transhumanism), gukemura mu minota mike ibibazo bya siyansi byari bisanzwe bifatwa nk’ibidashoboka gukemuka.

Ibihabanye n’akajagari / ibitekerezo biheza icyizere → gutakaza ubushobozi bw’umuntu bwo kwigenzura no gutegeka ibyemezo, kudahuzanya (aho AI ikurikirana intego zitajyanye n’indangagaciro za muntu cyangwa zizinaniza), gusenyuka k’ubukungu n’imibereho y’abaturage, cyangwa ndetse n’ingaruka zagera ku kubaho kw’ikiremwamuntu ubwacyo.

Singularity si gusa “AI yateye imbere cyane,” ahubwo ni cya gihe ihindagurika ry’ikoranabuhanga risohoka ku mbogamizi z’umuvuduko wa biyolojiya/w’umuntu maze rikaba inzira yigenga, yiruka ubwayo itagihagarikwa. Yaba ibyo bizaba mu 2026, mu 2030, mu 2045, cyangwa bitazigera bibaho na rimwe, biracyari kimwe mu bibazo bifunguye bifite ingaruka zikomeye cyane kurusha ibindi mu mateka y’ikiremwamuntu muri iki gihe.

## Igihe cy’Iherezo – 1989

Isi Ifite Imiyoboro Gitangira

Inzibacyuho kuva kuri mudasobwa zikora zitarahujwe kujya kuri mudasobwa zikora zifitanye ihuriro. Tim Berners-Lee atanga igitekerezo cya World Wide Web muri CERN (1989). Ubushakashatsi bw’ubucuruzi ku miyoboro y’imyakura buguka (ikoreshwa rya gisirikare n’iry’ubumenyi), Intel 80486 ishyirwa ku isoko—ubushobozi bwa mudasobwa bw’umuntu ku giti cye burazamuka cyane, ARPANET ihindukira igana ku cyaje kuba interineti ya none. Mbere y’ibi, ikoranabuhanga rya mudasobwa ryari rifite imbaraga, ariko ahanini rigakorera mu byiciro bitandukanijwe. Nyuma ya 1989, imikorere ya mudasobwa iba ishingiye ku miyoboro ihuza ibintu. Miyoboro y’imyakura mu 1989 yari ikiri mu ntangiriro, igarukira ku bushobozi bw’ibikoresho, kandi ahanini yari uburyo bwa sisitemu z’imisusire zongereweho amategeko—nyamara abasirikare n’ingoro z’ubushakashatsi bari bamaze gutangira kugerageza sisitemu ziga zikoreshwa mu guhitamo ibitero, mu kuyobora, no mu gutandukanya ibyiciro by’ibimenyetso. Ibi byari urwego rw’ifatizo rw’ibintu byose byaje nyuma.

## Ubutumwa Bwahawe Imiterere Yemewe – 1996

Iturika ry’Ubucuruzi bwo kuri Interineti

Urubuga rwa interineti rujya ahagaragara ku mugaragaro, ruba urw’ubucuruzi kandi rugera ku isi yose. Netscape n’intambara z’abashakisha interineti, Amazon na eBay byerekana ko ubucuruzi bwo kuri interineti bukora. Google irashingwa (nk’iyitwaga BackRub muri Stanford, mu 1996), ikoreshwa rya Windows 95 ryihutisha ukwemerwa kwa mudasobwa n’abaguzi. Umwaka wa 1996 ni wo interineti ihagarikira kuba iy’abanyeshuri n’abashakashatsi gusa, ikaba iy’ubukungu. Ibikorwaremezo byo mu 1989 ubu bigera ku gipimo cy’abaguzi. Igihe cya dot-com nticyari icy’imbuga gusa—cyari icyo gushyira ubucuruzi mu buryo bw’ikoranabuhanga. Iki gihe cyahinduye ubucuruzi, kwamamaza, uburyo amakuru abonwa n’uburyo bw’itumanaho.

## Ubutumwa Bwashyizwemo Imbaraga – 9/11, 2001

Igihe cya Mobile + Platform kiratangiye

Ugukorwa mu buryo bwa digitale kw’itangazamakuru + ibikorwa remezo bya mbere bya cloud + internet ya broadband ihoraho. Apple ishyira ahagaragara iPod (itangiriro ry’urusobe rw’ibikoresho bya digitale byikorerwa), Wikipedia itangizwa (icyitegererezo cy’urubuga rw’ubumenyi rusangi rusangiwe), ikoreshwa rya broadband rirazamuka cyane, Amazon itangira bucece kubaka icyaje kuba AWS. Nyuma ya 9/11, ikoranabuhanga ryo kugenzura no gukurikirana ryihuta cyane, kandi ibikorwa remezo by’isesengura ry’amakuru bikura vuba. Aha ni ho hashyizwe urufatiro rwa cloud computing, urusobe rw’imikorere ya za platform, ubutegetsi bw’ibikubiye muri digitale, ibikorwa remezo by’ihuzanzira rihoraho, n’ishingiro ry’imbuga nkoranyambaga na smartphones.

## Urufatiro Rwashyizweho – Imbaho za Habakuki – 2012, 2013

Intambwe Ikomeye yo Kwiga Byimbitse

Ivuka ry’Ubwenge Buhangano Bugezweho

Uyu ni wo mwanya ukomeye cyane aho imiyoboro y’imyakura ya mudasobwa yaretse kuba iy’igerageza gusa ikaba ifite imbaraga zigaragara mu bikorwa—ni wo muhanda nyawo uhuza igihe cya “platform/cloud” cyo mu 2001 n’iturika rya “generative AI” ryo mu 2023. Nzeri 2012: AlexNet (umuyoboro mwinshi wa convolution wimbitse) itsinda irushanwa rya ImageNet ku kinyuranyo kinini cyane—isenya burundu ubuhangange bw’algorithme zose zari zisanzweho mbere. Iki gikorwa kimwe cyonyine cyemewe hose mu bushakashatsi bwa AI nk’umwanya wavukiyemo deep learning ya kijyambere. 2012: Itsinda rya Geoffrey Hinton ryerekana ko imiyoboro y’imyakura yimbitse, itoje hakoreshejwe GPU, ishobora kwiga mu buryo bwikora ibiranga bifite inzego zubatsemo. 2013: Google igura isosiyete ya Hinton (DNNresearch). Mu buryo butunguranye, inganda zisukamo za miliyari nyinshi muri deep learning. Iterambere rya GPU rya NVIDIA (CUDA) rihinduka igikoresho ngenderwaho cya AI. Ibikoresho bya big data (Spark 1.0 yasohotse mu 2013) bikura neza bifatanyije n’ibi, bigatuma haboneka amakusanyirizo manini y’amakuru akenewe kuri deep learning.

## Gukuraho Ikimenyetso – 2023

Ubwenge Buhanga Bubyara Bwambuka Urwego}

Ubwenge buhangano bugenda burushaho kugerwaho, gukoreshwa, kandi bugateza ihungabana rikomeye mu by’ubukungu. Si ukuvuga gusa “imiyoboro y’imyakura irushijeho kuba myiza.” Iki ni cyo gihe ubwenge buhangano bwandika kode, bugakora amashusho, bugakoresha imirimo y’abakora mu biro mu buryo bwikora, bugapima kandi bugakwiza inshingano zisaba gutekereza; kandi ku ncuro ya mbere, ubwenge buhangano bureka kuba ubwihariye ku kazi bumwe, bukaba igikoresho rusange cy’ubwenge gikoreshwa ku ntego nyinshi.

## 2026 – Ubwihariye?

- 1989 nk’ihishurwa ry’igihe cy’imperuka ubwacyo (itangira ry’uguhuza abantu n’ibintu binyuze ku mbuga z’itumanaho, ari na byo byashyizeho urufatiro rw’itembera ry’ubumenyi ku rwego rw’isi yose; bifitanye isano no gusenyuka kwa USSR nk’ikimenyetso cy’inzira cy’igihe cya nyuma cy’igeragezwa cya Adventisme).

- 1996 nk’igihe ubutumwa bwashyizwe mu buryo bwemewe (urubuga rw’ubucuruzi rwaguriye ku rugero runini ubukungu bushingiye ku makuru, ruhindura ubucuruzi n’ivumburwa iby’ikoranabuhanga rishingiye ku mibare).

- 2001 nk’igihe cyo guhabwa ubushobozi kw’ubutumwa (imbuga, ikoranabuhanga rya cloud, n’ukubaho kw’ukugerwaho igihe cyose byashyizeho urusobe rw’ibidukikije rw’ikoranabuhanga ku bw’ubumenyi rusange bugendanwa).

- 2012/2013 nk’ishyirwaho ry’urufatiro rw’ubwenge nyakuri (intsinzi ikomeye mu myigire yimbitse ituma ugusobanukirwa kw’imashini kuba ngiro kandi gushobora kwaguka).

- 2023 nk’impuzamaso y’isozwa yo gukurwaho ikimenyetso (ubwenge bw’ubukorano butanga ibintu bushyira ikirenge mu bwenge rusange bukoreshwa ku ntego nyinshi, bigatuma iremwa ry’ubumenyi n’ubushobozi bwo gutekereza bigerwaho kandi bigahungabanya ibyari bisanzwe).

Urukurikirane rw’iterambere ni rwiza kandi ruteguye neza: buri cyiciro cyubakira mu buryo bukusanyiriza ku cyabanje, kikava ku guhuza → ku kugurisha no gushyira ku isoko → kuri ekosistemu → ku bwenge → ku kumenya no gutahura.

2012/2013 ni yo ngingo y’ingenzi ihindura ibintu; ni igihe imiyoboro y’imyakura yiganye yagaragaje ubushobozi bwo kwiga mu buryo bw’inzego zikurikirana kandi bwikoresha ubwabwo (intsinzi ya AlexNet/ImageNet, imirimo ya Hinton yemejwe, kandi kongera ubushobozi hifashishijwe GPU birashoboka), ari byo byatumye iturika ry’ikorwa-ry’inyanduruko ryo mu 2023 riba iridashoboka kwirindwa. Hatabayeho iyo mpinduka yo mu 2012 mu miterere-shingiro, modeli za transformer (2017) no kwaguka gukomeye kw’ubunini ntibyashoboraga gutanga ubwagutse rusange ku rwego rwa ChatGPT.

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