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# Igitabo cya Daniyeli — Nimero Ijana n’Umunani

Guhishura Ikimenyetso cy’Ubuhanuzi: Isesengura Ryimbitse ry’Amahembe Arindwi yo mu Byahishuwe

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Jeff Pippenger

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February 29, 2024

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William Miller yahawe umucyo ukomeye ku matorero arindwi, ibimenyetso birindwi n’impanda zirindwi byo mu gitabo cy’Ibyahishuwe. Yashyize ibyo bimenyetso by’ubuhanuzi mu rwego rw’ububasha bubiri bworeka: ubwa gipagani, bugakurikirwa n’ubwa gikipapa. Ntiyabonye buri mimerere yose y’ubuhanuzi iri muri ibyo bimenyetso, ariko ibyo yabonye byashyizeho urufatiro rw’imyumvire y’amateka yo imbere n’amateka yo hanze by’itorero ry’Imana, uhereye mu gihe cy’intumwa kugeza ku iherezo ry’isi. Amateka yo imbere yagereranyijwe n’amatorero, kandi amateka yo hanze y’ayo matorero yagereranyijwe n’ibimenyetso. Yabonye ko impanda zari ibimenyetso by’urubanza rw’Imana kuri Roma, rwagereranyaga urubanza rw’Imana kuri Roma ku iherezo ry’isi, nubwo atabonye ko Roma yo ku iherezo ry’isi yari igizwe n’ubumwe bw’ubwoko butatu.

Igitabo cyanditswe na Uriah Smith cyitwa Daniel and Revelation kirimo ibitekerezo bimwe bitari byo, ariko mushiki wa White yakigaragajeho ko ari “ukuboko gufasha kw’Imana.” Yagaragaje ko cyagombaga gukwirakwizwa hamwe na The Great Controversy, Patriarchs and Prophets, na The Desire of Ages. Ukucyemeza kwe gukomeye ntikwavugaga ko icyo gitabo cyari ku rugero rumwe rw’ubuhumekero n’ibitabo bye, ahubwo ko cyarimo “inyigisho zikomeye,” kandi ko cyagize uruhare mu “kugeza imitima myinshi y’agaciro ku kumenya ukuri.”

Igitabo gikoresha imitekerereze y’ubuhanuzi ya Millerite, giherekejwe n’ingengabitekerezo z’ubuhanuzi zitari zarigeze zibonwa mbere y’itariki ya 22 Ukwakira 1844. Tuzajya twifashisha ibice byo muri icyo gitabo uko dushyira ahagaragara ikoreshwa inshuro eshatu ry’izo marira eshatu.

Miller yavuze ko “impanda ndwi ari amateka y’imanza ndwi zihariye kandi zikomeye zoherejwe ku isi, cyangwa ku bwami bw’Abaroma.” Impanda enye za mbere zigereranya imanza zagejejwe kuri Roma ya gipagani, kandi impanda ya gatanu n’iya gatandatu zari imanza z’Imana zagejejwe kuri Roma ya gipapa, ariko Miller ntiyari kuba yaramenye ko impanda ya karindwi yagereranyaga urubanza rw’Imana kuri Roma ya Kijyambere. Avuga ibyerekeye ibimenyetso ndwi n’impanda ndwi byo mu Ibyahishuwe, Uriah Smith yaranditse ati:

> “Intama imaze gufata icyo gitabo, ihita itangira gukingura ibimenyetso; kandi umutima w’intumwa uherako uhamagarirwa kwitegereza ibyabaye biba munsi ya buri kimenyetso. Umubare karindwi wamaze kugaragazwa ko, mu Byanditswe, usobanura kuzura no gutungana. Ni cyo gituma ibimenyetso birindwi bikubiyemo urusobe rwose rw’icyiciro runaka cy’ibyabaye, bishobora kuba bigera ahari ku gihe cya Konsitantino; kandi ko amahembe arindwi yavuza andi maserire y’ibyabaye kuva kuri icyo gihe akomeza kujya imbere, ntibishobora kuba ari ko biri. Ahubwo amahembe yerekana urusobe rw’ibyabaye bibera icyarimwe n’ibivugwa n’ibimenyetso, ariko bikaba bifite kamere itandukanye rwose. Ihembe ni ikimenyetso cy’intambara; bityo rero amahembe yerekana imivurungano ikomeye ya politiki izabera mu mahanga mu gihe cy’ubutumwa bwiza. Ibimenyetso byo byerekana ibyabaye bifite kamere y’iyobokamana, kandi bikubiyemo amateka y’itorero kuva ku itangira ry’igihe cya Gikristo kugeza ku kuza kwa Kristo.” Uriah Smith, Daniel and Revelation, 431.

Impanda ni ikimenyetso cy’intambara n’imivurungano ya politiki. Mu kuvuga umurongo wa kabiri w’igice cya munani cy’Ibyahishuwe, Smith aravuga ati:

> “‘UMURONGO WA 2. Nuko mbona abamarayika barindwi bahagarara imbere y’Imana; bahabwa amahembe y’impanda arindwi.’”

> “Uyu murongo utangiza urukurikirane rushya kandi rwihariye rw’ibyabaye. Mu bimenyetso twabonye amateka y’itorero mu gihe cyiswe ingoma y’ubutumwa bwiza. Mu mpanda ndwi, ubu zishyizwe ahagaragara, tubonamo ibyabaye by’ingenzi bya politiki n’intambara byagombaga kuba muri icyo gihe nyine.” Uriah Smith, Daniel and Revelation, 476.

Ikimenyetso cya karindwi gifungurwa mu mirongo itandatu ibanza y’Ibyahishuwe igice cya munani, kandi mu rwego rw’ifungurwa ry’icyo kimenyetso cya karindwi, abamarayika barindwi bafite impanda ndwi bategurwa kuzivuga.

> Nuko amennye ikimenyetso cya karindwi, mu ijuru habaho ituze nk’iry’igihe kingana n’igice cy’isaha. Maze mbona abamarayika barindwi bahagaze imbere y’Imana; bahabwa amahembe y’impanda arindwi. Undi mumarayika araza ahagarara ku gicaniro, afite icyotero cya zahabu; ahabwa imibavu myinshi, kugira ngo ayitambane n’amasengesho y’abera bose ku gicaniro cya zahabu cyari imbere y’intebe y’ubwami. Umwotsi w’imibavu, wazamukanaga n’amasengesho y’abera, uzamuka imbere y’Imana uvuye mu kuboko k’umumarayika. Uwo mumarayika afata cya cyotero, acyuzuza umuriro wo ku gicaniro, awujugunya mu isi; maze habaho amajwi, n’inkuba, n’imirabyo, n’umutingito. Nuko ba bamarayika barindwi bari bafite amahembe y’impanda arindwi bitegura kuvuza. Ibyahishuwe 8:1–6.

Hariho ikidasanzwe cy’ubuhanuzi twagiye tugaragaza mu nyandiko zabanje, ariko tukaba tutarigeze dusobanura by’umwihariko imiterere yihariye y’icyo gikorwa cy’ubuhanuzi. Icyo kidasanzwe ni uko ibimenyetso bigereranya urukurikirane rw’ibimenyetso-ngenzi mu mateka y’ubuhanuzi, byose byongera guhurizwa hamwe ku musozo w’amateka bigereranya. Twerekanye ko ibisekuru bine by’Abadiventisiti b’i Lawodikiya bigereranywa n’amahano ane yo muri Ezekiel igice cya munani byaranze ibimenyetso-ngenzi byihariye, ariko ko buri kimwe muri byo, nk’ikigeragezo, cyisubiramo mu mateka yo gushyirwaho ikimenyetso cy’abihumbi ijana na mirongo ine na bane. Iki kidasanzwe kandi kiboneka no mu makondera arindwi, kuko n’ubwo agereranya imanza zihariye zaciwe kuri Roma ya gipagani, iya gipapa, n’iya none, yose yongera guhurira hamwe igihe urubanza nyubahirizacyemezo kuri Roma ya none rutangiye ku itegeko ryo ku Cyumweru rigiye kuza vuba.

Impanda ndwi zirindwi zifite amatariki yihariye zasohojweho mu bihe byahise, ariko kandi Mushiki wa White ashyira abo bamarayika barindwi bafite impanda ndwi bo mu Ibyahishuwe igice cya munani, mu mateka y’itegeko ryo kwubahiriza icyumweru rigiye kuza vuba.

> “‘Nuko amaze kumena ikimenyetso cya gatanu, mbona munsi y’igicaniro ubugingo bw’abishwe bazira ijambo ry’Imana no guhamya bari bafite: maze barangurura ijwi rirenga, bavuga bati, Mbese, Mwami, Wera kandi w’Ukuri, uzageza ryari kudaca urubanza no kuduhorera amaraso ku batuye isi? Kandi buri wese muri bo ahabwa umwambaro wera [Byatangajwe ko bari baboneye kandi bera]; maze babwirwa ko bakwiye kuruhuka akanya gato, kugeza aho bagenzi babo b’abagaragu na bene se, na bo bazicwa nk’uko na bo bishwe, bazuzurizwa’ [Ibyahishuwe 6:9–11]. Aha Yohana yeretswe ibibera bitari iby’ukuri kw’icyo gihe, ahubwo ibizabaho mu gihe kizaza.”

> “Ibyahishuwe 8:1–4 byavuzwe.” Manuscript Releases, umuzingo wa 20, 197.

Mu gice cyabanje, Sister White akoresha ikiganiro n’isohozwa ry’ikimenyetso cya gatanu ku gihe cyegereje ko abamarayika barindwi bazavuga mu gice cya munani, ariko kandi ashyira uko guhagararirwa nyako no mu mateka y’amajwi abiri yo mu Ibyahishuwe igice cya cumi n’umunani.

> “Igihe ikimenyetso cya gatanu cyafungurwaga, Yohana Umuhishuri mu iyerekwa yabonye munsi y’igicaniro umutwe w’abishwe bazira Ijambo ry’Imana n’ubuhamya bwa Yesu Kristo. Nyuma y’ibyo haza ibihe bisobanurwa mu gice cya cumi n’umunani cy’Ibyahishuwe, igihe abizerwa kandi b’ukuri bahamagarwa gusohoka i Babuloni. [Ibyahishuwe 18:1–5, byavuzwe.]” Manuscript Releases, volume 20, 14.

Impanda ndwi zirindwi zigereranya urubanza rw’Imana mu mateka ya Roma ya gipagani, iya gipapa n’iya Roma ya Kijyambere, ariko kandi zigaragazwa no mu mateka yo ku wa 11 Nzeri 2001, no mu ijwi rya kabiri ry’itegeko ryo kuruhuka ku Cyumweru rigiye kuza vuba. Nyuma yo gusuzuma imirongo itandatu ya mbere yo mu Byahishuwe igice cya munani, Uriah Smith atangira kugaragaza uburyo impanda enye za mbere zasohoye amateka yazo.

> “Ingingo y’amakondera arindwi yongeye gusubukurwa hano, kandi ifata igice gisigaye cy’iki gice cy’igitabo n’igice cya 9 cyose. Abamarayika barindwi bitegura kuvuza. Uku kuvuza kuza nk’inyongera yuzuzanya n’ubuhanuzi bwa Daniyeli 2 na 7, guhera ku isenyuka ry’ubwami bwa kera bw’Abaroma bukigabanyamo ibice byabwo icumi, ari byo, mu makondera ane ya mbere, tuboneramo ibisobanuro.” Uriah Smith, Daniel and Revelation, 477.

Smith agaragaza ko amakondera ane ya mbere yari imanza z’Imana zaciwe kuri Roma ya gipagani. Asubiramo umurongo wa karindwi ugaragaza ibimenyetso by’ubuhanuzi biranga ihembe rya mbere, hanyuma akerekana uko byasohoye mu mateka.

> “Urubanza rwa mbere rukomeye kandi ruremereye rwagwiriye Roma y’Iburengerazuba mu nzira yayo yo gusubira inyuma, rwari intambara yarwanye n’Abagoti bayobowe na Alaric, ari na yo yafunguye inzira y’ibitero byakurikiyeho. Urupfu rwa Theodosius, umwami w’abami w’Abaroma, rwabaye muri Mutarama 395, kandi mbere y’uko impera y’itumba igera, Abagoti bayobowe na Alaric bari bamaze gufata intwaro barwanya ubwami.”

> “Igitero cya mbere cyayobowe na Alaric cyasahuye Thrace, Makedoniya, Attica, n’akarere ka Peloponnesus, ariko nticyageze ku murwa wa Roma. Nyamara mu gitero cye cya kabiri, umutware w’Abagotika yambutse Alpes n’Apennines maze agera imbere y’inkuta z’‘umurwa w’iteka,’ ari wo wahise ugwa mu maboko y’uburakari bw’abanyamahanga b’abanyabugome.

> “Ijwi ry’impanda ya mbere rifite umwanya waryo hafi y’iherezo ry’ikinyejana cya kane no gukomeza nyuma yaho, kandi rivuga ibyo bitero byarimburaga ubwami bw’Abaroma byagabwe n’Abagoti.” Uriah Smith, Daniel and Revelation, 478.

Smith agaragaza ko Alaric ari ikimenyetso cy’urubanza rw’Imana ku Roma ya gipagani, rugaragazwa n’impanda ya mbere. Buri mpanda yose ifite umuntu wo mu mateka uyihagarariye; Alaric ahagarariye ukuza kw’impanda ya mbere guhera ku iherezo ry’ikinyejana cya kane. Miller ntiyashoboraga kubona ko iyi mpanda yagejejwe kuri Roma kubera gushyiraho itegeko ryo ku cyumweru, kuko Miller yari umuzirikiza w’umunsi wo ku cyumweru. Smith na we ntiyabonye iki kintu, ariko Smith yamenye ko itegeko rya mbere ryashyizweho ku gahato ryo ku cyumweru ryashyizweho na Constantine mu mwaka wa 321. Ihame ry’ubuhanuzi risanzwe rijyana no gushyiraho itegeko ryo ku cyumweru rihora ari rimwe, kuko Imana itigera ihinduka, kandi iryo hame ni uko “ubuhakanyi bw’igihugu bukurikirwa n’ukurimbuka kw’igihugu.” Alaric ahagarariye intangiriro y’ukurimbuka kw’igihugu, kwabaye mu gihe nyacyo Constantine yashyiragaho itegeko rya mbere ryo ku cyumweru.

Smith akomeza yifashishije amagambo yo ku murongo wa munani, agaragaza impanda ya kabiri, hanyuma agakomeza ibisobanuro bye:

> “Ubwami bw’Abaroma, nyuma ya Konstantino, bwagabanyijwemo ibice bitatu; bityo hakaba henshi havugwa ngo, ‘igice cya gatatu cy’abantu,’ n’ibindi, berekeza ku gice cya gatatu cy’ubwami cyari cyibasiwe n’icyorezo. Uku kugabanya ubwami bw’Abaroma kwabaye igihe cya urupfu rwa Konstantino, bugabanywa hagati y’abahungu be batatu, Konsitantiwo, Konstantino II, na Konsitansi. Konsitantiwo yigaruriye Uburasirazuba, ashyira icyicaro cye i Konstantinopoli, umurwa mukuru w’ubwami. Konstantino wa Kabiri yategekaga Britaniya, Gawuli, na Esipanye. Konsitansi yategekaga Ilirikumu, Afurika, n’Ubutaliyani. (Reba Sabine’s Ecclesiastical History, p. 155.) Kuri iki kintu kizwi neza mu mateka, Elliott, nk’uko y quoted na Albert Barnes mu bisobanuro bye kuri Ibyah. 12:4, aravuga ati: ‘Nibura incuro ebyiri, mbere y’uko ubwami bw’Abaroma bugabanywa burundu mo ibice bibiri, icy’Iburasirazuba n’icy’Iburengerazuba, habanje kubaho ukwigabanya k’ubwami mo ibice bitatu. Uwa mbere wabaye mu wa 311 nyuma ya Kristo, igihe bwagabanywaga hagati ya Konstantino, Lisiniyusi, na Maksimini; undi wabaye mu wa 337 nyuma ya Kristo, igihe Konstantino yapfaga, hagati ya Konsitansi na Konsitantiwo.’” Uriah Smith, Daniel and Revelation, 480.

Ikimenyetso cy’amateka cy’uko Roma yagabanyijwemo ibice bitatu, ndetse n’ibice bibiri bivugwa n’abanditsi b’amateka Smith asubiramo, ni byo bice bya Roma biranga ubumwe bw’impande eshatu bwa Roma ya Kijyambere, bugize imiterere igabanyijwemo kabiri, ihagarariye ihuriro ry’itorero na Leta. Igihe Smith akomeza, ahita agaragaza umuntu w’amateka ufitanye isano n’impanda ya kabiri.

> “Amateka agaragaza kuvuza kw’impanda ya kabiri uko bigaragara afitanye isano no gutera no kwigarurira Afurika, hanyuma n’u Butaliyani, byakozwe na Genseric w’inkazi. Intsinzi ze ahanini zari izo mu mazi; kandi ibikombe bye by’intambara byari “nk’aho umusozi munini waka umuriro ujugunywe mu nyanja.” Ni iyihe shusho yarushaho, cyangwa se n’iyo yasobanura neza bene ako kageni, ukugongana kw’amato y’intambara, n’isenyuka rusange ry’intambara ku nkombe z’inyanja? Mu gusobanura iyi mpanda, tugomba kureba ku bintu bimwe na bimwe bizagira aho bihuriye by’umwihariko n’isi y’ubucuruzi. Ikimenyetso cyakoreshejwe gisanzwe kituyobora gutegereza ihungabana n’imivurungano. Nta kindi uretse intambara ikaze yo mu mazi cyari gusohoza ubwo buhanuzi. Niba ukuvuza kw’impanda enye za mbere gufitanye isano n’ibyabaye bine bikomeye byagize uruhare mu kugwa kw’ingoma y’Abaroma, kandi impanda ya mbere ikerekeza ku byangiritse byatewe n’Abagoti bayobowe na Alaric, muri iyi bisanzwe bidusaba kureba ku gikorwa cyakurikiyeho cy’igitero cyahungabanyije ubutegetsi bw’Abaroma kandi kigafasha ugwa kwabwo. Igitero gikomeye cyakurikiyeho ni icy’“umubi Genseric w’inkazi,” ayoboye Abavandali. Ibihe by’ibikorwa bye byabaye mu myaka ya A.D. 428–468. Uwo mukuru ukomeye w’Abavandali yari afite icyicaro gikuru muri Afurika....”

> “Ku byerekeye uruhare rukomeye uyu munyabigwi w’umushimusi wo ku nyanja yagize mu kugwa kwa Roma, Bwana Gibbon akoresha aya magambo afite uburemere: ‘Genseric, izina ryagombaga guhabwa umwanya ungana n’uwa Alaric na Attila mu kurimbuka kw’ingoma y’Abaroma.’” Uriah Smith, Daniel and Revelation, 481, 484.

Smith, igihe yasubiragamo amagambo y’umuhanga mu mateka Gibbon, wagaragaje ibimenyetso by’amateka by’amakondera atatu ya mbere, yagaragaje ko Genseric yari ikondera rya kabiri, hanyuma aravuga ko Genseric, “yari akwiriye gushyirwa ku rwego rumwe na Alaric na Attila.” Alaric ni we kondera rya mbere, Genseric irya kabiri, kandi Attila w’Umuhuni yari ikondera rya gatatu, rivugwa mu murongo wa cumi. Smith yagaragaje ko ikondera rya kabiri, rihagarariwe na Genseric, ryagereranyaga amateka yo mu “428-468.” Hanyuma Smith asubiramo umurongo wa cumi ugaragaza ikondera rya gatatu, maze akomeza inkuru ye:

> “Mu gusobanura no gushyira mu bikorwa uyu murongo, tugejejwe ku gikorwa cya gatatu gikomeye cyatumye ubwami bw’Abaroma buhirikwa. Kandi mu gushaka isohora ry’amateka ry’iyi mpanda ya gatatu, tuzagira umwenda ku Nsobanuro za Dr. Albert Barnes kubera amagambo make twazikuyemo. Mu gusobanura iki cyanditswe, ni ngombwa, nk’uko uyu musobanuzi abivuga, ‘Ko hagomba kubaho umutware cyangwa umurwanyi ushobora kugereranywa n’inyenyeri yaka nk’umuriro; ko inzira ye yagombaga kuba iy’ubwiza budasanzwe; ko yagombaga kuboneka gitunguranye NK’inyenyeri yaka, maze akazimira nk’inyenyeri izimijwe n’amazi umucyo wayo.’— Notes on Revelation 8.”

> “Hano hishingiwe ko iyi mpanda ifitanye isano n’intambara z’isenyuka n’ibitero by’ubukana bya Attila byagabwe ku butegetsi bw’Abaroma, ibyo yayoboraga ayoboye imbaga nyamwinshi z’Abahuni be....”

> “‘Kandi Izina ry’Inyenyeri ryitwa Umuravumba [rigaragaza ingaruka z’uburakari].’ Ayo magambo—afitanye isano ya bugufi kurushaho n’umurongo ubanziriza, nk’uko ndetse n’utumenyetso two kuruhuka mu busobanuro bwacu tubigaragaza—adusubiza akanya gato ku mico ya Atira, ku makuba yari nyirabayazana cyangwa igikoresho cyayo, no ku bwoba izina rye ryateraga.

> “‘Kurandura burundu no guhanagura rwose,’ ni amagambo asobanura neza kurusha ayandi amakuba yateje.” Yiyitaga ati: “Ikiboko cy’Imana.” Uriah Smith, Daniel and Revelation, 484, 487.

Amateka y’impanda ya gatatu, yashushanyijwe na Attila w’Umuhuni, yari umwaka wa 441 kugeza ku rupfu rwe mu mwaka wa 453. Hanyuma Smith asubiramo umurongo wa cumi na kabiri, ugaragaza impanda ya kane kandi ugasobanura umwami w’umunyabugome Odoacer, aho ikimenyetso kigizwe n’ibice bitatu cya Roma y’Iburengerazuba gishushanywa n’izuba, ukwezi n’inyenyeri. Ahuza ibyo bimenyetso bitatu n’ibimenyetso by’“izuba, ukwezi, n’inyenyeri—kuko nta gushidikanya ko hano bikoreshwa nk’ibimenyetso—bigaragara ko byerekana ibimurika bikomeye by’ubutegetsi bw’Abaroma,—abami babwo, abatware b’inteko, n’abakonsuli babwo. Musenyeri Newton avuga ko umwami wa nyuma wa Roma y’Iburengerazuba yari Romulus, wahimbwe mu buryo bwo kumunnyega Augustulus, cyangwa “Agusto mutoya.” Roma y’Iburengerazuba yaguye mu mwaka wa 476 Nyuma ya Kristo. Nyamara ariko, nubwo izuba rya Roma ryari ryazimye, ibimurika byaryo biri munsi yaryo byakomeje kumurika buhoro mu gihe inteko n’abakonsuli byakomezaga kubaho. Ariko nyuma y’ihindagurika ryinshi rya gisivili n’impinduka z’imibereho ya politiki, amaherezo, mu mwaka wa 566 Nyuma ya Kristo, imiterere yose y’ubutegetsi bwa kera yarahirikijwe, kandi Roma ubwayo imanurwa iva ku kuba umwamikazi w’isi yose ihinduka ubuduke bukennye butanga umusoro kuri Exarch w’i Ravenna.” Uriah Smith, Daniel and Revelation, 487.

Aha dusanga ubundi buhamya bw’ugabanyuka kwa Roma mu byiciro bitatu, bubanziriza ubumwe bw’inyabutatu bwa Roma ya none. Muri Roma y’iburasirazuba n’umwami w’abami Konstantini, ugabanyuka mu byiciro bitatu kwagaragajwe n’abahungu be batatu, ariko muri Roma y’iburengerazuba kwari uburyo bwabo bw’ubutegetsi mu byiciro bitatu. Hanyuma Smith agaragaza ko izuba, ukwezi, n’inyenyeri bigereranya urutonde rwihariye Roma y’iburengerazuba yamanuwemo. Arangiza inkuru ye atangiza amahembe y’impanda atatu ya nyuma muri aya magambo akurikira.

> “N’ubwo amakuba yatejwe ubwami n’ibitero bya mbere by’aba banyamahanga yari ateye ubwoba, ugereranyije yari yoroheje cyane ugereranije n’amakuba yagombaga gukurikiraho. Yari ameze nk’udutonyanga twa mbere tw’imvura mbere y’umwuzure wari ugiye kugwa bidatinze ku isi y’Abaroma. Impanda eshatu zari zisigaye zitwikiriwe n’igicu cy’amakuba, nk’uko bigaragazwa mu mirongo ikurikiraho.

> “‘UMURONGO WA 13. Nuko nditegereza, numva marayika aguruka anyura hagati mu ijuru, avuga mu ijwi rirenga ati: Ni ishyano, ni ishyano, ni ishyano ku batuye mu isi, kubera andi majwi y’impanda z’abamarayika batatu basigaye, bagiye kuvuza.’”

> “Uyu mumarayika si umwe mu ruhererekane rw’abamarayika barindwi b’impanda, ahubwo ni uwuzanye gusa itangazo ko impanda eshatu zisigaye ari impanda z’amakuba, bitewe n’ibintu birushaho guteye ubwoba bizaba mu gihe cyo kuzivuga. Bityo rero impanda ikurikiraho, ari yo ya gatanu, ni yo kabuza ka mbere; impanda ya gatandatu ni yo kabuza ka kabiri; kandi iya karindwi, ari na yo ya nyuma muri uru ruhererekane rw’impanda ndwi, ni yo kabuza ka gatatu.” Uriah Smith, Daniel and Revelation, 493.

Tuzakomeza ku byago bitatu by’impanda mu ngingo ikurikira.

> “Amakuba y’ishyano yagwiririye Roma y’ubwami, mu kugwa kwayo, yaravuzwe kugeza ku ya nyuma muri yo, kugeza ubwo Roma yasigaye itagifite umwami w’abami, cyangwa konsuli, cyangwa sena. ‘Munsi y’Aba-Exarike ba Ravenna, Roma yacishijwe bugufi igirwa urwego rwa kabiri.’ Icyiciro cya gatatu cy’izuba cyarakubiswe, n’icyiciro cya gatatu cy’ukwezi, n’icyiciro cya gatatu cy’inyenyeri. Umurongo w’abami b’Abakesari ntiwazimanye n’abami b’ubwami bw’Iburengerazuba. Mbere yo kugwa kwayo, Roma yari ifite gusa umugabane w’ububasha bw’ubwami. Konstantinopoli yari isangiye na yo ingoma y’isi. Kandi nta ba-Goti cyangwa ba-Vandali bategetse nk’abatware kuri uwo mujyi wari ugifite ubwami, umwami wawo, nyuma yo kwimurirwa bwa mbere intebe y’ubwami na Konsitantino, kenshi yashyiragaho umwami wa Roma nk’uwatoranyijwe na we kandi nk’intumwa imuhagarariye. Kandi iherezo rya Konstantinopoli ryari ryarabikiwe ibindi bihe, kandi ryatangajwe n’izindi mpanda. Ku byerekeye izuba, ukwezi, n’inyenyeri, kugeza icyo gihe, icyiciro cya gatatu gusa ni cyo cyari cyarakubiswe.”

> “Amagambo asoza y’Impanda ya Kane agaragaza ugusubizwaho kw’Ubwami bw’Iburengerazuba mu gihe kizaza: ‘Ku bw’icyiciro cya gatatu cyayo ku manywa ntihabonesheje, n’ijoro na ryo biba bityo.’ Ku birebana n’ubutegetsi bwa gisivili, Roma yaje kugengwa na Ravenna, kandi Ubutaliyani bwahindutse intara yatsinzwe y’Ubwami bw’I Burasirazuba. Ariko, nk’uko bikwiriye kurushaho ku byerekeye ubundi buhanuzi, ukurwanirira ugusengwa kw’amashusho ni byo byabanje gushyira ububasha bw’umwuka n’ubw’igihe gito bya papa n’umwami w’abami mu makimbirane akomeye; kandi, ubwo Justinien yahaga papa ubutware bwose ku matorero, yashyizeho ikiganza cye cy’ubufasha mu guteza imbere ubutegetsi bw’ikirenga bwa papacy, bwaje nyuma kwiyitirira ubushobozi bwo kurema abami. Mu mwaka w’Umwami wacu wa 800, papa yahaye Charlemagne izina ry’Umwami w’Abami w’Abaroma.’—Keith. Iryo zina ryaje kongera kwimurirwa ku mwami w’u Bufaransa rijyanwa ku mwami w’u Budage. Kandi ku ngoma y’Umwami w’Abami François wa Kabiri, ndetse n’iyo ntekerezo y’impimbano yaje kwangwa burundu kandi iteka ryose, ku wa 6 Kanama 1806.” A. T. Jones, The Great Nations of Today, 54.

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