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# Igitabo cya Daniyeli — Ijana na Mirongo Itandatu na Rimwe

Uruhare rwa Roma mu Gushyiraho Iyerekwa ry’Ubuhanuzi bwa Bibiliya: Isuzuma Ryimbitse rya Daniyeli Igice cya Cumi na Kimwe

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Jeff Pippenger

Published

March 27, 2024

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Iyerekwa rya Daniyeli igice cya cumi na kimwe ni ryo shingiro nyamukuru rishingirwaho mu byerekwa byose by’ubuhanuzi bwo muri Bibiliya, kandi iyerekwa ryo muri icyo gice cya cumi na kimwe rishingwa n’ikimenyetso cy’uroma.

> Muri iyo minsi, benshi bazahagurukira kurwanya umwami wo mu majyepfo; kandi n’abanyarugomo bo mu bwoko bwawe bazishyira hejuru kugira ngo bashyigikire ibyahishuwe; ariko bazagwa. Daniyeli 11:14.

Jones asobanura umurongo wabanje muri aya magambo akurikira:

> “Igihe Abamori bari bamaze kuzuza urugero rw’ubugome bwabo, umwanya wabo wahawe Isirayeli, ubwoko bw’Imana. Igihe Isirayeli na yo, ikurikira inzira y’abapagani, yuzuzaga na yo igikombe cy’ubugome, Imana yazamuye ubwami bw’i Babuloni, maze ibyose irabinyaga. Igihe Babuloni yari imaze kuzuza igikombe cy’ubugome bwayo, ubutegetsi bwimurirwa ku Buperesi. Kandi igihe marayika yari amaze guhindukirwa kure n’ububi bw’Abaperesi, ni bwo umutware w’u Bugiriki aza akabukubura.”

> “Mbese ubutware bw’u Bugiriki bwagombaga kumara igihe kingana iki? Ni ryari bwagombaga kumenwa? ‘Igihe abanyabyaha bazaba bagejeje ku rugero rwuzuye.’ Iryo shyanga rihagarara kugeza igihe ryujuje igipimo cy’ubugome bwaryo, maze ubwo butware bukimurirwa ku bundi bwami. Ubwo butware bwabwoherejwemo ni ubw’Abaroma, nk’uko tubyigira muri Daniyeli 11:14. ‘Muri ibyo bihe benshi bazahagurukira kurwanya umwami w’ikusi; kandi n’abambuzi bo mu bwoko bwawe bazishyira hejuru kugira ngo basohoze ibyahishuwe; ariko bazagwa.’ Iri shyanga ryerekanwa ko ari ishyanga ry’abambuzi—abana b’abambuzi, nk’uko inyandiko yo ku ruhande rw’umwandiko ibivuga.”

> “Aba ni bo ubwami buhawe ubu, kandi bugenewe iki?—‘Abana b’abambuzi bazishyira hejuru kugira ngo bashyigikire iyerekwa.’ Iyo iri shyanga rije ku rubyiniro, ni bwo haza ikintu gishyigikira iyerekwa, icyo kimwe mu bintu bikomeye by’ingenzi by’iyerekwa, ikimenyetso gikuru cyane ku murongo w’iyerekwa Imana yatanze ikoresheje abahanuzi ku bihe byose.” A. T. Jones, The Columbian Year and the Meaning of the Four Centuries, 6.

Jones avuga ko igihe ubutware bw’Abaroma “bwinjira mu murimo, ubwo hahita hinjiramo ikintu gishyiraho” … “umurongo w’iyerekwa Imana yatanze ibinyujije ku bahanuzi ku bihe byose.” Mu mateka ya Miller, Abaporotesitanti bigishaga—nk’uko ubu Adventisime ya Lawodikiya ibigenza—ko “abambuzi b’ubwoko bwawe” bahagarariye Antiyokusi Epifane, umwami w’Abaseluside wategetse kuva mu mwaka wa 175 kugeza mu wa 164 mbere ya Kristo. Yari umwe mu bagize ingoma y’Abaseluside, imwe mu bihugu by’Abagiriki byakurikiyeho byavutse nyuma y’isenyuka ry’ubwami bwa Alegizandere Mukuru. Uku kutumvikana kuri iki kibazo kwari kwihariye cyane mu mateka y’Abamillerite, ku buryo kumenya ko ari Antiyokusi Epifane byagaragajwe ku mbonerahamwe y’abapayiniya yo mu 1843.

Icyerekezwa kuri Antiyokusi kiri ku mbonerahamwe kigaragaza icyerekezwa rukumbi ku kintu kitaboneka mu Ijambo ry’ubuhanuzi ry’Imana. Cyashyizwemo kugira ngo gihinyuze inyigisho z’ibinyoma z’Abaporotesitanti bo muri icyo gihe, ari zo ubu zabaye inyigisho z’ibinyoma z’Adiventisime y’i Lawodikiya. Niba koko William Miller yarasobanukiwe ubujyakuzimu bw’akamaro ko gusobanukirwa yuko Roma ari yo mbaraga yo ku isi ishyiraho “umurongo w’iyerekwa Imana yatanze ibinyujije ku bahanuzi ku bihe byose,” birashidikanywaho, ariko byari bisobanutse bihagije kugira ngo arwanirire adashidikanya ukuri kw’uko Roma ari yo ishyiraho iryo yerekwa.

> Aho kutagira iyerekwa, abantu bararimbuka; ariko uwitondera amategeko, arahirwa. Imigani 28:14.

Salomo yanditse ko aho nta yerekwa rihari, abantu barimbuka, kandi ijambo ry’Igiheburayo “yerekwa,” mu murongo wa cumi na kane, ni ryo rimwe n’irikoreshwa mu mugani wa Salomo. Iryo yerekwa ni ikintu gishingiye ku buzima cyangwa urupfu, kandi “yerekwa” rishingwa n’ikimenyetso cya Roma. Ijambo “yerekwa” mu murongo wa cumi na kane ni ryo jambo rimwe risobanura yerekwa muri Habakuki, igice cya kabiri.

> Nzahagarara ku munara wo kurinda, niyerekeza ku gihome, kandi nzarora kugira ngo ndebe icyo azambwira, n’icyo nzasubiza ubwo nzacyahwa. Uwiteka aransubiza ati: Andika ibyo weretswe, ubishyire mu magambo asobanutse ku bisate, kugira ngo ubisoma abashe kwiruka. Kuko ibyo weretswe bigenewe igihe cyagenwe, ariko ku iherezo bizavuga, kandi ntibizabeshya; naho byatinda, ujye ubitegereza; kuko byanze bikunze bizasohora, ntibizatinda. Habakuki 2:1–3.

Ijambo “yakosowe” mu murongo wa mbere risobanura ngo “yajyanywe impaka na we”. William Miller ni we warindaga washyizwe ku munara mu mateka y’umurimo w’umumarayika wa mbere n’uwa kabiri, kandi igihe mu kimenyetso cy’ubuhanuzi yabazaga icyo yagombaga gusubiza muri izo mpaka zo mu mateka ye, yabwiwe kwandika iyerekwa, rishyirwaho n’ikimenyetso cya Roma. Mu guhuza n’uku kuri, igihe aba-Millerite bakoraga imbonerahamwe y’abapayoniya yo mu 1843 mu gusohoza iyo mirongo itatu ya Habakuki, berekeje ku nkingi nyamukuru y’impaka bagizemo uruhare. Nta gushidikanya ko batasobanukiwe yuko kuba barerekezaga ku mpaka z’ubupfapfa zavugaga ko Antiochus Epiphanes ari we butegetsi bwashyizeho iyerekwa bigereranya impaka zo muri Habakuki igice cya kabiri, ariko Mushiki wa White yavuze ko iyo mbonerahamwe “yayobowe n’ukuboko k’Umwami, kandi itagomba guhindurwa,” bityo rero uko kwerekeza ku mpaka kuri iyo mbonerahamwe kwaturutse mu kuboko kw’Imana.

Abayoboke b’Abamileri baje gusobanukirwa neza ko ugucika intege kwa mbere kwabaye ku wa 19 Mata 1844 kwatangiye igihe cyo gutinda, kivugwa na Habakuki kandi no mu mugani wa Matayo w’abakobwa cumi. Banasobanukiwe kandi ko ubwo buhanuzi bwombi bwari bufitanye isano itaziguye na Ezekiyeli igice cya cumi na kabiri, aho Ezekiyeli agaragaza igihe ingaruka za buri yerekwa zizabera. Iryo jambo “iyerekwa” ni ryo jambo ry’Igiheburayo turimo gusuzuma ubu. Ni cyo gituma Jones aba avuze ukuri iyo avuga ati: “Igihe” Roma “igaragariye ku rubuga, ni bwo hinjiramo ikintu gishyiraho iyerekwa, ikintu ari cyo ntego ikomeye y’iyerekwa, ikimenyetso nyamukuru kiri ku murongo w’iyerekwa Imana yatanze ibinyujije mu bahanuzi ku bihe byose.” Roma ishyiraho iyerekwa ryose ry’Ijambo ry’ubuhanuzi ry’Imana, kandi by’umwihariko ni Roma inyurwaho n’imiterere yose y’igice cya cumi na kimwe.

Iyo Mushiki wera avuze ku isohozwa rya nyuma ry’igice cya cumi na kimwe cya Daniyeli kandi akavuga ko “amateka menshi yabayeho mu isohozwa ry’ubu buhanuzi azasubirwamo,” aba agaragaza ko amateka yo mu gice cya cumi na kimwe yari amaze gusohora yabereye ikigereranyo cy’imirongo ya nyuma y’igice cya cumi na kimwe cya Daniyeli. Ingingo y’imirongo ya nyuma y’igice cya cumi na kimwe ni umwami wo mu majyaruguru, uhagarariye aho Roma ya none. Bityo rero, amateka yo mu gice cya cumi na kimwe cya Daniyeli asubirwamo ni amateka ahagarariye Roma.

Mu mirongo itandatu ya nyuma y’igice cya cumi na kimwe, Roma ya none (umwami wo mu majyaruguru) itsinda ubutegetsi butatu bw’uturere. Mu murongo wa mirongo ine itsinda umwami wo mu majyepfo (icyahoze ari Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Abasoviyeti mu 1989), igihugu cy’ikuzo (Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika mu gihe cyegereje cy’itegeko ryo ku Cyumweru), na Egiputa (isi yose uko yakabaye ihagarariwe n’Umuryango w’Abibumbye.) Muri Daniyeli cumi na rimwe, Roma ya gipagani ishyirwa ahagaragara nk’itsinda ubutegetsi butatu bw’uturere kugira ngo yigarurire isi yari izwi icyo gihe, maze hanyuma Roma ya gipapa igashyirwa ahagaragara nk’itsinda ubutegetsi butatu bw’uturere kugira ngo yigarurire isi.

Roma ya gipagani ivugwa bwa mbere muri iki gice ku murongo wa cumi na kane, kugira ngo igaragazwe nk’ikimenyetso gishyiraho iyerekwa, ariko kuzamuka kwayo kugera ku butegetsi ntikuvugwaho kugeza ku murongo wa cumi na gatandatu. Ubwami bwa Alegizandere Mukuru bwagabanyijwemo ibice bine mu gusohoza Ijambo ry’ubuhanuzi ry’Imana, ariko ibyo bice bine byahise byishyira hamwe mu bahanganye babiri b’ingenzi bagaragazwa mu nkuru y’ubuhanuzi nk’umwami w’ikusi cyangwa umwami w’amajyaruguru, kandi iyo nkuru ikomeza kugeza ku iherezo ry’iki gice. Ku murongo wa cumi na kane havugwa ububasha bwa Roma bwari burimo kuzamuka nk’ububasha bwagombaga gushinga iyerekwa, ariko ibyigwaho ni intambara hagati y’ibyasigaye by’ubwami bwa Alegizandere, nk’uko bigaragazwa n’abami b’amajyaruguru n’ab’ikusi.

Mu murongo wa cumi na gatanu, abo bami babiri baracyari mu rugamba rwabo, kandi umwami wo mu majyaruguru ari kunesha. Ariko mu murongo wa cumi na gatandatu, Roma iraza, kandi uwo murongo uravuga uti: “Ariko uza kumutera,” bisobanuye ko igihe Roma iza gutera umwami wo mu majyaruguru wari umaze kunesha umwami wo mu majyepfo, umwami wo mu majyaruguru atazabasha guhagarara imbere ya Roma. Roma iraneshya, kandi mu murongo wa cumi na gatandatu, Roma yagombaga no guhagarara mu gihugu cy’ikuzo cya Yuda. Mu murongo wa cumi na karindwi, Roma “izerekeza amaso yayo ku kwinjirana n’imbaraga z’ubwami bwayo bwose.” Yafashe umwami wo mu majyaruguru utashoboraga guhagarara imbere yayo, hanyuma ifata Yuda, hanyuma yinjira muri Egiputa.

> Muri iyo minsi, benshi bazahagurukira kurwanya umwami w’ikusi; kandi n’abanyazi b’abo mu bwoko bwawe bazishyira hejuru kugira ngo bashyigikire ibyo yeretswe; ariko bazagwa. Nuko umwami w’amajyaruguru azaza, yubake urutare rwo kugotera umudugudu, maze afate imidugudu ikomeye cyane; kandi amaboko y’ikusi ntazabasha kumuhagarara imbere, n’ubwo bwoko bwe bwatoranijwe, kandi nta mbaraga zizaboneka zo kumuhagarara imbere. Ariko uzamugabaho azakora ibyo ashaka, kandi nta n’umwe uzahagarara imbere ye; kandi azahagarara mu gihugu cy’ikuzo, kizamarwa n’ukuboko kwe. Kandi azashyira umutima we ku kwinjirana n’imbaraga z’ubwami bwe bwose, n’abakiranutsi bari kumwe na we; uko ni ko azabikora: kandi azamuha umukobwa w’abagore, kugira ngo amwonone; ariko ntazahagarara ku ruhande rwe, kandi ntazaba uwe. Daniyeli 11:14–17.

Ugutsinda kugaragajwe muri iyi mirongo ni ugusohora kwa Daniyeli igice cya munani.

> Maze muri rumwe muri zo havuyemo ihembe rito, rikomeza gukura cyane cyane ryerekeza mu majyepfo, no mu burasirazuba, no mu gihugu cyiza. Daniyeli 8:9.

Ihembe rito ryo mu murongo wa cyenda ni Roma ya gipagani, kandi umurongo wa cyenda werekana, uhuje n’imirongo ya cumi n’ine kugeza kuri cumi na karindwi yo mu gice cya cumi na rimwe, ko Roma ya gipagani yari gutsinda ibice bitatu by’uturere tw’isi uko yagendaga ifata ubutegetsi bw’isi. Ibyo bice byari amajyepfo (Egiputa), iburasirazuba (Siriya, umwami wo mu majyaruguru) n’igihugu cyiza (Yuda). Amateka ari mu mirongo ya cumi na gatandatu na cumi na karindwi ashushanya ugutsinda kw’amateka mu byiciro bitatu kwa Roma ya none ivugwa mu mirongo ya mirongo ine kugeza kuri mirongo ine na gatatu, kuko nk’uko Mushiki wacu White yavuze ati: “Byinshi mu mateka byabaye mu isohozwa ry’ubu buhanuzi bizongera kubaho.”

> “Nubwo Misiri itashoboye guhagarara imbere ya Antiyokusi, umwami w’amajyaruguru, Antiyokusi na we ntiyashoboye guhagarara imbere y’Abaroma, ari bo noneho bamusagariye. Nta bwami bwari bugishoboye kurwanya ubu butegetsi bwari buzamuka. Siriya yaratsinzwe, maze yongerwa ku bwami bw’Abaroma, igihe Pompeyi, mu mwaka wa 65 mbere ya Kristo, yamburaga Antiyokusi Aziyatikusi ibyo yari atunze, agahindura Siriya intara y’Abaroma.”

> “Ubwo bubasha nyine na bwo bwagombaga guhagarara mu Gihugu Cyera, bukagikongora. Roma yagiranye isano n’ubwoko bw’Imana, Abayuda, binyuze mu masezerano y’ubufatanye, mu mwaka wa 162 mbere ya Kristo, uhereye kuri uwo munsi ikaba ifite umwanya ukomeye muri kalendari y’ubuhanuzi. Nyamara ariko, ntiyabonye ubutegetsi ku Buyuda binyuze mu kubunesha by’ukuri kugeza mu mwaka wa 63 mbere ya Kristo; kandi byabaye muri ubu buryo bukurikira.

> “Igihe Pompey yagarukaga avuye mu rugendo rwe rwo kurwanya Mithridates, umwami wa Pontus, abanywanyi babiri bahataniraga ikamba ry’u Buyuda, Hyrcanus na Aristobulus, bari mu ntambara yo kuriharanira. Ikibazo cyabo cyashyikirijwe Pompey, maze bidatinze abona akarengane kari mu byo Aristobulus yavugaga ko bimwemerera gutegeka; ariko yifuza gusubika icyemezo kuri iyo ngingo kugeza arangije urugendo yari amaze igihe kirekire yifuza kujyamo rwo kujya muri Arabiya, abasezeranya ko nyuma yaho azagaruka, agatunganya ibibazo byabo nk’uko byaba bibonetse ko ari byo bikwiriye kandi biboneye. Aristobulus, amaze gucengera ibyiyumvo nyakuri bya Pompey, yihutira gusubira i Buyuda, aha abaturage be intwaro, kandi yitegura kwirwanaho ashikamye, yiyemeje kuzigama ikamba uko byagenda kose, kuko yabonaga mbere y’igihe ko rizahabwa undi. Pompey akurikirana uwo wahunze atamurekura. Igihe yegeraga i Yerusalemu, Aristobulus atangiye kwicuza inzira yari yafashe, arasohoka ajya kumusanganira, agerageza kunoza icyo kibazo asezeranya kumuyoboka rwose no gutanga amafaranga menshi. Pompey yemera iyo nama, maze yohereza Gabinius ayoboye umutwe w’abasirikare kugira ngo ajye kwakira ayo mafaranga. Ariko uwo muyobozi mukuru w’ingabo ageze i Yerusalemu, asanga amarembo amukingiranye, maze bamubwira bari hejuru y’inkuta ko uwo murwa utazubahiriza iyo masezerano.”

> “Pompey, kugira ngo atabeshywa muri ubwo buryo nta gihano kibikurikira, yaboshye n’ingoyi Aristobulus, uwo yari yarasigaranye iruhande rwe, maze ako kanya ajyana n’ingabo ze zose atera i Yerusalemu. Abashyigikiye Aristobulus bari bashyigikiye kurwanira uwo murwa; naho aba Hyrcanus bo bari bashyigikiye gufungura amarembo. Abo nyuma, kubera ko ari bo bari benshi kandi bagatsinda, Pompey ahabwa kwinjira mu murwa nta nkomyi. Nuko abayoboke ba Aristobulus basubira ku musozi w’urusengero, bafite icyemezo gihamye cyo kururwanirira nk’uko na Pompey yari yiyemeje kurugabanya. Imezi atatu arangiye, hacukurwa icyuho mu rukuta gihagije kugira ngo hatangizwe igitero, maze aho hantu hafatwa ku buryo bw’inkota. Mu iyicwa riteye ubwoba ryakurikiyeho, hapfuye abantu ibihumbi cumi na bibiri. Umunyamateka aravuga ati: byari bibabaje kureba abatambyi, mu gihe bari bahugiye mu murimo wera, bakomeza imirimo yabo isanzwe bafite amaboko atuje n’umugambi udahungabana, basa n’abatazi na busa uwo muvundo ukaze, nubwo impande zose zabakikije inshuti zabo zari ziri kwicwa, kandi nubwo kenshi amaraso yabo bwite yavanganaga n’amaraso y’ibitambo byabo.”

> “Pompey amaze guhagarika intambara, asenya inkuta za Yerusalemu, yimura imijyi myinshi ayikura munsi y’ubutegetsi bw’u Buyuda ayishyira munsi y’ubwa Siriya, kandi asoreshya Abayuda. Bityo rero, ni bwo bwa mbere Yerusalemu yashyizwe, binyuze mu gutsindwa, mu maboko y’ubwo butegetsi bwagombaga gufata ‘igihugu cyiza’ mu kiganza cyabwo cy’icyuma kugeza ubwo cyari kimaze kugitsiririza burundu.

> “‘UMURONGO WA 17. Kandi azerekeza mu kwinjirana imbaraga z’ubwami bwe bwose, kandi hamwe na we hazaba abakiranutsi; kandi uko ni ko azabigenza: kandi azamuha umukobwa w’abagore, amwonona; ariko ntazahagarara ku ruhande rwe, kandi ntazaba uwe.’”

> “Musenyeri Newton atanga ubundi buryo bwo gusoma uyu murongo, busa n’ubugaragaza neza kurushaho igisobanuro cyawo, bukaba ari ubu bukurikira: ‘Azerekana kandi umutima we wo kwinjira ku ngufu mu bwami bwose.’ Umurongo wa 16 watugejeje ku ntsinzi y’Abaroma kuri Siriya n’i Yudaya. Roma yari yarabanje gutsinda Masedoniya na Tirasiya. Misiri ni yo yari isigaye yonyine mu ‘bwami bwose’ bwa Alegizanderi, butari bwashyirwa munsi y’ubutegetsi bw’Abaroma; ubwo butegetsi rero ubu bwari bwerekeje umutima wabwo ku kwinjira muri icyo gihugu ku ngufu.” Uriah Smith, Daniel and the Revelation, 258–260.

Tumaze kubivuga kenshi muri izi nyandiko ko umurongo wa mirongo itatu n’uwa mirongo itatu n’umwe byo muri Daniyeli cumi n’umwe bihura n’umurongo wa mirongo ine n’uwa mirongo ine n’umwe, kandi amateka y’umurongo wa mirongo itatu n’uwa mirongo itatu n’umwe na yo ahura no kurandurwa kw’amahembe atatu.

> Nitegereje ayo mahembe, maze mbona irindi hembe rito rizamuka muri yo hagati; imbere yaryo aya mbere atatu yararanduwe arakurwa mu mizi; kandi, dore, muri iryo hembe harimo amaso ameze nk’ay’umuntu, n’akanwa kavuga ibintu bikomeye. … Ndetse n’ayo mahembe cumi yari ku mutwe wayo, n’irindi ryazamutse, kandi imbere yaryo atatu aragwa; ni ukuvuga rya hembe ryari rifite amaso, n’akanwa kavugaga ibintu bikomeye cyane, kandi uko ryasaga kwarutaga bagenzi baryo. Danieli 7:8, 20.

Nk’uko Daniyeli igice cya munani, umurongo wa cyenda, kigaragaza uturere dutatu tw’aho kwigarurira twashyize Roma ya gipagani ku ntebe y’ubwami, ni ko no kurandurwa kw’amahembe (agereranya Abaheruli, Abanyositorogoti n’Abavandali) kwagereranyaga uturere dutatu tw’aho kwigarurira twashyize Roma ya gipapa ku ntebe y’ubwami. Izo mateka zombi zihura n’imirongo ya mirongo ine kugeza kuri mirongo ine n’itatu yo muri Daniyeli igice cya cumi na kimwe, kandi kurandurwa kw’ayo mahembe atatu guhura n’amateka y’imirongo ya mirongo itatu na mirongo itatu n’umwe.

> “‘UMURONGO WA 8. Nitegereje ayo mahembe, maze, dore, hagati yayo haza irindi hembe rito; imbere yaryo amahembe atatu yo mu ya mbere arasimburwa, aranduranwa n’imizi; kandi, dore, muri iryo hembe harimo amaso asa n’amaso y’umuntu, n’akanwa kavuga ibintu bikomeye.’”

> “Daniyeli yitegereje ayo mahembe. Hagati yayo habonekamo ibimenyetso by’ikorwa ridasanzwe. Ihembe rito (mbere rito, ariko nyuma rirusha bagenzi baryo gukomera) ryatumbagira hagati yayo. Ntiryanyuzwe no kubona aharyo mu ituze no kuhuzuza; ryagombaga gusunikira ku ruhande amwe muri andi, no kwigarurira imyanya yayo. Ubwami butatu bwaranduwe imbere yaryo. Iri hembe rito, nk’uko tuzabona uburyo bwuzuye kurushaho mu bihe bizaza, ryari ubupapa. Ayo mahembe atatu yaranduwe imbere yaryo yari Abaheruli, Abostrogoti, n’Abavandali. Kandi impamvu yatumye barandurwa ni uko barwanyaga inyigisho n’ibyo ubutegetsi bw’ubupapa bwihamirizaga, bityo bakarwanya n’ubutegetsi bw’ikirenga mu itorero bwa musenyeri w’i Roma.”

> “Kandi muri iyo hembe harimo amaso ameze nk’amaso y’umuntu, n’akanwa kavuga ibintu bikomeye,” ayo maso akaba ari ikimenyetso gikwiye cy’ubwenge bwo guca akenge, ubushishozi, uburyarya, no kureba kure by’inzego z’ubutegetsi bwa gipapa; kandi akanwa kavuga ibintu bikomeye kakaba ari ikimenyetso gikwiye cy’ibyo abasenyeri b’i Roma bihandagazaho bavuga. Uriah Smith, Daniel and the Revelation, 132–134.

Ni Roma ishyiraho iyerekwa ry’ubuhanuzi bwa Bibiliya, by’umwihariko iyerekwa ryo muri Daniyeli igice cya cumi na kimwe. Muri icyo gice, byinshi mu mateka y’ubuhanuzi yari yarasohoye mbere y’umuryango wa ba Millerite byagombaga kongera gusubirwamo mu mirongo itandatu ya nyuma yo muri Daniyeli cumi na rimwe. Kuneshwa kw’inzitizi eshatu z’akarere kwashyizeho Roma ya gipagani na Roma ya gipapa ku ntebe y’ubwami kugaragazwa mu gice cya cumi na kimwe, kandi ibyo bigaragazwa byombi bigereranya igihe Roma yo muri iki gihe yongera gushyirwa ku ntebe y’ubwami. Ni Roma ishyiraho iyerekwa, kandi Pawulo agaragaza ko iyo Roma ya gipapa ihishurwa mu gihe cyayo.

> Ntihakagire umuntu uwo ari we wese uburyo ubwo ari bwo bwose; kuko uwo munsi utazaza, keretse habanje kuza ubuhakanyi, kandi umuntu w’icyaha akahishurwa, wa mwana wo kurimbuka; urwanya kandi akishyira hejuru y’icyitwa Imana cyose, cyangwa icyose gisengwa; kugeza ubwo yicara mu rusengero rw’Imana nk’Imana, yiyerekana ko ari Imana. Mbese ntimwibuka yuko, nkiri kumwe namwe, nababwiye ibyo bintu? Kandi noneho muzi ikimubuza kugira ngo azahishurwe mu gihe cye. 2 Abatesalonike 2:3–6.

Ubupapa bwafashe intebe y’ubwami nk’ubwami bwa gatanu bw’ubuhanuzi bwa Bibiliya mu mwaka wa 538, kandi benshi batekereza ku murongo wa gatandatu nta gushidikanya bashobora kwibwira ko Pawulo ashaka kuvuga ko “Ubupapa bwari kuzahishurwa mu 538.” Ibyo bishobora kuba ari ukuri, ariko nibura ni ukuri kwa kabiri ku cyo Pawulo yagaragazaga. Pawulo, kimwe n’abahanuzi bose, yavugaga cyane ku minsi y’imperuka kuruta ku gihe cye bwite. Yerekezaga ku buryo ubupapa bwari kuzahishurwa mu buryo bw’ubuhanuzi, kuko nk’umuhanuzi yari ahuje n’abandi bahanuzi bose. Umurongo ku murongo, abatabona iyerekwa bararimbuka, kandi abatabona iyerekwa, ntibaribona kuko batazi igishyiraho iyerekwa. Kumenya ko Roma ari yo ishyiraho iyerekwa ni ugusobanukirwa kw’ubuzima cyangwa urupfu. Pawulo, ahuje n’abandi bahanuzi, aragaragaza ko igihishura Roma ya gipapa, ari yo Roma yo mu minsi y’imperuka, ari “igihe cye.” “Igihe” cy’ubuhanuzi gifitanye isano na Roma ni cyo gihishura icyo Roma ari cyo n’uwo Roma ari we.

Tuzakomeza iki cyigisho mu ngingo ikurikira.

> “Intumwa Pawulo, mu rwandiko rwe rwa kabiri yandikiye Abatesalonike, yahanuye ubuhakanyi bukomeye bwari kuzavamo ishyirwaho ry’ububasha bwa papa. Yatangaje ko umunsi wa Kristo utazaza, ‘keretse habanje kuza kugwa ukwizera, kandi hakahishurwa wa muntu w’icyaha, wa mwana wo kurimbuka; urwanya kandi akishyira hejuru y’icyitwa Imana cyose, cyangwa icyo basenga; ndetse ku buryo yicara mu rusengero rw’Imana ameze nk’Imana, yiyerekana ko ari Imana.’ Kandi byongeye, iyo ntumwa iburira bene Se iti ‘ubwiru bwo gukiranirwa bwatangiye gukora.’ 2 Abatesalonike 2:3, 4, 7. No muri icyo gihe cya kare yabonye amakosa yinjira buhoro buhoro mu itorero, yari gutegurira inzira gukura kw’ubupapa.”

> “Buhoro buhoro, mbere na mbere mu ibanga no mu ituze, hanyuma biza gukorwa ku mugaragaro kurushaho uko byagendaga byiyongera imbaraga no kwigarurira ibitekerezo by’abantu, ‘amayobera y’ubugome’ yakomeje umurimo wayo w’uburiganya n’ugutuka Imana. Mu buryo butagaragaraga neza, imigenzo y’abapagani yabonye inzira iyinjiza mu itorero rya Gikristo. Umwuka wo kwikiranura no guhuza n’ibiriho wabanje gukumirwa igihe runaka n’itotezwa rikaze itorero ryihanganiye munsi y’ubupagani. Ariko uko itoteza ryahagaze, kandi Ubukristo bukinjira mu ngoro n’ibwami by’abami, bwashyize ku ruhande ubworoherane bwicisha bugufi bwa Kristo n’intumwa ze, busimbuza ibyo ubwiza bw’igiturire n’ubwibone bw’abatambyi n’abategetsi b’abapagani; maze mu cyimbo cy’ibyo Imana yasabaga, bushyiraho inyigisho n’imigenzo by’abantu. Ihinduka rya Konstantino ryitwaga iry’ukuri izina gusa, mu ntangiriro z’ikinyejana cya kane, ryateye umunezero mwinshi; kandi isi, yambaye ishusho yo gukiranuka nk’umwambaro uyitwikiriye, yinjiye mu itorero. Ubu umurimo wo kwonona wakomeje gutera imbere vuba. Ubupagani, nubwo bwagaragaraga nk’aho bwatsinzwe, ni bwo bwabaye umutsinzi. Umwuka wabwo ni wo wategekaga itorero. Inyigisho zabwo, imihango yabwo, n’imiziririzo yabwo byavanze mu kwizera no mu kuramya by’abiyitaga abayoboke ba Kristo.”

> “Uku gushyira hamwe kwa gipagani n’Ubukristo kwatumye habaho iterambere rya ‘wa muntu w’icyaha’ wahanuwe ko azarwanya Imana kandi akishyira hejuru yayo. Iyo gahunda nini y’idini ry’ibinyoma ni igihangano ndakuka cy’imbaraga za Satani—urwibutso rw’imihati ye yo kwicaza ku ntebe y’ubwami kugira ngo ategeke isi akurikije ubushake bwe.” The Great Controversy, 49, 50.

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