Article

# Panium - Number Five

ፓንዩም - ቁጥር አምስት

The Robbers of Thy People: Rome’s Exaltation and Fall in Prophecy

Warra Uummata Kee Hattotanii: Raawwatamuu fi Kufuun Roomaa Raajii Keessatti

Author

Jeff Pippenger

Published

March 5, 2025

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The Book of Daniel unfolds a remarkable prophetic narrative, weaving a principle of repeat and enlarge which threads through its visions, from the metallic statue of chapter 2 to the intricate kingly conflicts of chapter 11. Within this framework, a compelling case emerges: the Battle of Actium in 31 BC, culminating in Egypt’s fall in 30 BC, stands as a pivotal fulfillment of Daniel 11:25, 26, marking the dawn of pagan Rome’s 360-year supremacy.

Kitaabni Daani’eel seenaa raajii dinqisiisaa tokko ni ibsa; keessattiis qajeelfamni “irra deebi’uu fi bal’ifachuu” jedhu, mul’atawwan isaa hunda keessa akka hidda walitti hidhatuutti ni diriira; siidaa sibiilota adda addaa irraa ijaarame kan boqonnaa 2 keessa jiru irraa jalqabee hamma walitti bu’iinsa mootota walxaxaa kan boqonnaa 11 keessatti ibsamutti. Qajeelfama kana keessatti, yaadni jabaataan tokko ni mul’ata: lolli Actium kan bara 31 BC, kufaatii Gibxi kan bara 30 BC keessatti xumurame, akka raawwii murteessaa Daani’eel 11:25, 26 ta’ee dhaabbata; kunis jalqaba olaantummaa Roomaa waaqeffannaa-buqqaatota ta’e waggoota 360f ture ni mallatteessa.

Daniel 11 begins with the rise and fall of empires following Alexander the Great’s death in 323 BC. Yet, by verse 14, a shift occurs. Around 200 BC, as Antiochus III (Magnus) prepared for the Battle of Panium against the child-king Ptolemy V, Rome intervened, not as a mere bystander but as the “robbers of thy people.” Concerned about securing Egypt’s wheat supply amid Hellenistic turmoil, Rome flexed its influence during the Second Macedonian War (200–197 BC), setting the stage for its prophetic role.

ଦାନିଏଲ ୧୧ ଅଧ୍ୟାୟ ୩୨୩ ଖ୍ରୀଷ୍ଟ ପୂର୍ବରେ ଆଲେକ୍ସାଣ୍ଡର ମହାନଙ୍କ ମୃତ୍ୟୁ ପରେ ସାମ୍ରାଜ୍ୟମାନଙ୍କ ଉଦୟ ଓ ପତନ ସହ ଆରମ୍ଭ ହୁଏ। କିନ୍ତୁ, ୧୪ ପଦକୁ ଆସିବା ସମୟରେ ଏକ ପରିବର୍ତ୍ତନ ଘଟେ। ପ୍ରାୟ ୨୦୦ ଖ୍ରୀଷ୍ଟ ପୂର୍ବରେ, ଯେତେବେଳେ ଆଣ୍ଟିଓକସ ତୃତୀୟ (ମ୍ୟାଗ୍ନସ) ଶିଶୁ-ରାଜା ପ୍ଟୋଲେମି ପଞ୍ଚମଙ୍କ ବିରୁଦ୍ଧରେ ପାନିଅମ ଯୁଦ୍ଧ ପାଇଁ ପ୍ରସ୍ତୁତ ହେଉଥିଲେ, ସେତେବେଳେ ରୋମ କେବଳ ଜଣେ ନିର୍ବିକାର ଦର୍ଶକ ଭାବେ ନୁହେଁ, ବରଂ “ତୁମ ଜନଙ୍କ ଲୁଟେରାମାନେ” ଭାବେ ହସ୍ତକ୍ଷେପ କଲା। ହେଲେନିସ୍ଟିକ ଅଶାନ୍ତିର ମଧ୍ୟରେ ମିଶରର ଗହୁଁ ଯୋଗାଣକୁ ସୁନିଶ୍ଚିତ କରିବା ନେଇ ଚିନ୍ତିତ ହୋଇ, ରୋମ ଦ୍ୱିତୀୟ ମାକେଡୋନିଆନ ଯୁଦ୍ଧ (୨୦୦–୧୯୭ ଖ୍ରୀଷ୍ଟ ପୂର୍ବ) ସମୟରେ ନିଜ ପ୍ରଭାବ ପ୍ରଦର୍ଶନ କଲା, ଏବଂ ଏହା ତାହାର ଭବିଷ୍ୟଦ୍ବାଣୀମୂଳକ ଭୂମିକା ପାଇଁ ପରିପ୍ରେକ୍ଷ୍ୟ ସୃଷ୍ଟି କଲା।

## Rome’s Dominance Over the Jews

የሮማ በአይሁድ ላይ የበላይነት

Fast forward to 63 BC, and verse 16 finds fulfillment when Pompey storms Jerusalem, entering the Holy of Holies and asserting Roman dominion over the “glorious land.” From here, verses 17 through 22 trace a succession of Roman figures: Pompey’s eastern campaigns, Julius Caesar’s conquests and assassination in 44 BC, Augustus Caesar’s tax-raising reign (noted in Luke 2:1) ending in 14 AD, and Tiberius overseeing Christ’s crucifixion in the year 31 AD, when the “prince of the covenant” was broken. The prophetic line from Pompey in Jerusalem to Titus in Jerusalem in 70 AD, sets forth the line of Rome’s dominance over God’s people.

63 BCtti saffisaa gara fuulduraatti, lakkoofsi 16 yeroo Poombey Yerusaalem weeraree, Iddoo Qulqulluu Hunda Caalaa seenee, “biyya ulfinaa” irratti mootummaa Roomaa dhaabuudhaan guutamuu isaa argina. Achii kaasee, lakkoofsota 17 hamma 22tti tartiiba namoota mootummaa Roomaa keessaa ta’an ni hordofu: duula Poombey gara bahaatti godhe, injifannoo fi ajjeechaa Julius Caesar bara 44 BC keessatti, mootummaa gibira walitti qabuun beekamu kan Augustus Caesar (akka Luqaas 2:1 keessatti eerame) kan bara 14 ADtti xumurame, fi Tiberius inni Kiristoos fannifamuu isaa bara 31 AD keessatti ilaale, yeroo “bulchaan kakuu” cabee ture. Sararri raajii Poombey isa Yerusaalem keessa ture irraa jalqabee hanga Tiitus isa bara 70 ADtti Yerusaalem keessa turetti, sarara ol’aantummaa Roomaa irratti saba Waaqayyoo irratti ture ni ibsa.

Beginning with a Roman General desecrating the temple on to the ending when a Roman General destroyed the temple provides the signature of Alpha and Omega. Beginning with desecrating and ending with destruction the historical line also contains the desecration and the destruction of the One who said of Himself, “Destroy this temple and in three days I will raise it up.” Truth is made up of the first, thirteenth and last letter of the Hebrew alphabet, and the line beginning with Pompey and ending with Titus includes a middle temple destruction that is represented by the middle of three crosses, that were erected at the very middle of the week Christ came to confirm the covenant. Verses sixteen through twenty-two represent a prophetic line that bears the signature of truth. There are a handful of important prophetic lines within the history represented by the verses, but the primary theme of the line is Rome’s dominance over the Jews.

Mana qulqulluu Raawumsa mootummaa Roomaa tokkoon xureeffame irraa eegalee hanga yeroo Raawumsi mootummaa Roomaa tokkoon mana qulqullummaa balleessetti xumuramuutti mallattoo Alfaa fi Oomeegaa kenna. Xureessuu irraa eegalee balleessuudhaan xumuramuun, sararri seenaa sunis xureessuu fi balleessuu Isa ofiisaa irratti, “Mana qulqullummaa kana diigaa, anis guyyaa sadi keessatti isa nan kaasa” jedhe sana of keessaa qaba. Dhugaan qubee jalqabaa, kudha sadii ffaa fi qubee dhumaa alifbeetii Ibrootaa irraa ijaarame; sararri Poompeeyii irraa eegalee Tiitosiin xumuramus badiisa mana qulqullummaa giddu galeessaa tokko of keessaa qaba; badiisni sunis giddu gala fannoo sadii, isa Kiristoos torban sana giddu galeessatti kakuu mirkaneessuuf yeroo dhufe keessatti dhaabaman, irratti fakkeeffameera. Lakkoofsi kudha jaha irraa hanga kudha lamaa fi lamaatti sarara raajii mallattoo dhugaa baatu bakka bu’u. Seenaa lakkoofsota kanneen keessatti bakka buufame keessaa sararoonni raajii barbaachisoo muraasni jiru; garuu mata dureen ijoo sarara sanaa Yihudoota irratti olaantummaa Roomaan qabdudha.

## Leagues and Treaties

Walittiifi Waliigaltee fi Kakuu

Verse 23 “repeats and enlarges” by looping back to 161–158 BC, when the Jews under Judas Maccabeus forged a league with Rome (1 Maccabees 8). This highlights Rome’s unique empire-building strategy—conquest through treaties and alliances, a method distinct from its predecessors. Verse 24 concludes this phase, noting Rome would “forecast its devices from the strongholds, even for a time.”

Ayyaanni 23ffaan “deebi’ee bal’isee” ibsuudhaan gara bara 161–158 Dh.K.B.tti deebi’a; yeroo Yihudoonni Yihudaa Makkabiyaas jalatti Roomaa wajjin waliigaltee mootummaa dhaabanitti (1 Maccabees 8). Kunis tarsiimoo addaa Roomaan mootummaa ijaarratu calaqqisiisa—mo’icha waliigalteewwanii fi michoomaan argachuu; karaa mootummaa ishee dura turan irraa adda ta’e. Ayyaanni 24ffaan immoo marsaa kana xumuruudhaan, Roomaan “da’oo ishee masaraawwan jabaatoota irraa, yeroo tokkoof illee, dursee yaaddu” jedhee hubachiisa.

> And after the league made with him he shall work deceitfully: for he shall come up, and shall become strong with a small people. He shall enter peaceably even upon the fattest places of the province; and he shall do that which his fathers have not done, nor his fathers’ fathers; he shall scatter among them the prey, and spoil, and riches: yea, and he shall forecast his devices against the strong holds, even for a time. Daniel 11:23, 24.

> Akkasumasis isaas wajjin godhamee booddee inni gowwoomsaan hojjetta; saba muraasa wajjin ol baʼee jabaataas ni taʼa. Inni nagaan gara iddoo gabbataa taʼan kutaa mootummaa sanaattis ni seena; waan abboonni isaa hin godhin, yookaan abboonni abbootii isaas hin godhin ni godha; saamicha, boojii, fi qabeenya isaan gidduutti ni facaasa; eeyyee, yeroo tokkoof immoo daʼannoowwan jajjaboo irratti malawwan isaa ni qopheeffata. Daaniʼel 11:23, 24.

## For a Time

Yeroo Tokkoof

The word translated “against” can be understood as the word “from”. Rome forecasts its devices “from”. The word “from” in the verse points to the city of Rome, the empire’s political and military heart, as the base of its strategies. The “time” is prophetically 360 years, beginning when Egypt falls in 30 BC after Actium, and ending in the year 330 when Constantine abandons Rome for Constantinople.

“ବିରୁଦ୍ଧରେ” ବୋଲି ଅନୁବାଦିତ ହୋଇଥିବା ଶବ୍ଦଟିକୁ “ଠାରୁ” ବୋଲି ମଧ୍ୟ ବୁଝିହେବ। ରୋମ ନିଜର ଯୋଜନାମାନଙ୍କୁ “ଠାରୁ” ପୂର୍ବସୂଚିତ କରେ। ଏହି ପଦ୍ୟରେ “ଠାରୁ” ଶବ୍ଦଟି ସାମ୍ରାଜ୍ୟର ରାଜନୈତିକ ଏବଂ ସାମରିକ ହୃଦୟ ଭାବେ ରୋମ ସହରକୁ, ତାହାର କୌଶଳମାନଙ୍କର ଆଧାରସ୍ଥଳ ଭାବେ, ସୂଚିତ କରେ। “ସମୟ” ଭବିଷ୍ୟଦ୍ବାଣୀମୂଳକ ଭାବରେ ୩୬୦ ବର୍ଷ, ଯାହା ଆକ୍ଟିଅମ ପରେ 30 BC ରେ ମିଶରର ପତନ ସମୟରୁ ଆରମ୍ଭ ହୋଇ, ଏବଂ କନ୍ଷ୍ଟାଣ୍ଟିନ ରୋମକୁ ଛାଡ଼ି କନ୍ଷ୍ଟାଣ୍ଟିନୋପଲକୁ ଯିବାବେଳେ, ଖ୍ରୀଷ୍ଟାବ୍ଦ 330 ବର୍ଷରେ ସମାପ୍ତ ହୁଏ।

Verses 25 and 26 zero in on Actium itself.

Lakkoobson 25 fi 26 Actium mataa isaa irratti xiyyeeffatu.

> And he shall stir up his power and his courage against the king of the south with a great army; and the king of the south shall be stirred up to battle with a very great and mighty army; but he shall not stand: for they shall forecast devices against him. Yea, they that feed of the portion of his meat shall destroy him, and his army shall overflow: and many shall fall down slain. Daniel 11:25, 26.

> እርሱም በታላቅ ሠራዊት ኃይሉንና ድፍረቱን በደቡብ ንጉሥ ላይ ያነሣል፤ የደቡብም ንጉሥ ደግሞ በእጅግ ታላቅና ብርቱ ሠራዊት ለጦርነት ይነሣል፤ ነገር ግን አይጸናም፥ በእርሱ ላይ ተንኮል ያስባሉና። አዎን፥ ከመብሉ ድርሻ የሚበሉት እነርሱ ያጠፉታል፤ ሠራዊቱም ይፈስሳል፥ ብዙዎችም ተገድለው ይወድቃሉ። ዳንኤል 11፥25-26።

In 31 BC, Octavian, representing Rome as the “king of the north,” marshaled his forces against Cleopatra’s Egypt, the “king of the south,” in a monumental naval clash. Antony and Cleopatra’s “very great and mighty army” faltered, undone by strategic “devices” (Agrippa’s tactics) and betrayals—defections from Antony’s allies and Cleopatra’s mid-battle retreat. By 30 BC, Egypt was a Roman province, launching pagan Rome’s unchallenged rule. This 360-year span, from 30 BC to 330, aligns with Rome’s supremacy centered in its original stronghold, until Constantine’s shift “cast down” the stronghold, as Daniel 8:11 foretells.

ଖ୍ରୀଷ୍ଟପୂର୍ବ ୩୧ ମସିହାରେ, “ଉତ୍ତରର ରାଜା” ଭାବେ ରୋମଙ୍କୁ ପ୍ରତିନିଧିତ୍ୱ କରୁଥିବା ଅକ୍ଟାଭିଆନ, “ଦକ୍ଷିଣର ରାଜା” କ୍ଲିଓପାଟ୍ରାଙ୍କ ମିଶର ବିରୁଦ୍ଧରେ ଏକ ବିଶାଳ ନୌସେନା ସଂଘର୍ଷରେ ନିଜ ସେନାବଳକୁ ସମାବେଶ କଲେ। ଆଣ୍ଟୋନୀ ଓ କ୍ଲିଓପାଟ୍ରାଙ୍କ “ଅତ୍ୟନ୍ତ ବଡ଼ ଓ ପ୍ରବଳ ସେନାବଳ” ଡଗମଗିଗଲା, କୌଶଳମୟ “ଉପାୟମାନ” (ଆଗ୍ରିପ୍ପାଙ୍କ ଯୁଦ୍ଧକୌଶଳ) ଏବଂ ବିଶ୍ୱାସଘାତଦ୍ୱାରା ପରାଜିତ ହେଲା—ଆଣ୍ଟୋନୀଙ୍କ ମିତ୍ରମାନଙ୍କ ପକ୍ଷତ୍ୟାଗ ଓ ଯୁଦ୍ଧମଧ୍ୟରେ କ୍ଲିଓପାଟ୍ରାଙ୍କ ପଳାୟନ ଦ୍ୱାରା। ଖ୍ରୀଷ୍ଟପୂର୍ବ ୩୦ ମସିହା ପର୍ଯ୍ୟନ୍ତ, ମିଶର ରୋମର ଏକ ପ୍ରାନ୍ତ ହୋଇପଡ଼ିଲା, ଏବଂ ଏହା ସହିତ ପୌରାଣିକ ରୋମର ନିର୍ବିବାଦ ଶାସନର ଆରମ୍ଭ ହେଲା। ଖ୍ରୀଷ୍ଟପୂର୍ବ ୩୦ ରୁ ଖ୍ରୀଷ୍ଟାବ୍ଦ ୩୩୦ ପର୍ଯ୍ୟନ୍ତ ଏହି ୩୬୦ ବର୍ଷର ଅବଧି, ତାହାର ମୂଳ ଦୁର୍ଗକୁ କେନ୍ଦ୍ର କରିଥିବା ରୋମର ସର୍ବୋଚ୍ଚ ପ୍ରଭୁତ୍ୱ ସହ ସମନ୍ୱିତ ହୁଏ, ଯାହା ପର୍ଯ୍ୟନ୍ତ କନ୍ଷ୍ଟାଣ୍ଟିନଙ୍କ ସ୍ଥାନାନ୍ତରଣ ସେହି ଦୁର୍ଗକୁ “ନିଚେ ପକାଇଦେଲା,” ଯେପରି ଦାନିଏଲ ୮:୧୧ ରେ ପୂର୍ବବାଣୀ କରାଯାଇଛି।

> Yea, he magnified himself even to the prince of the host, and by him the daily sacrifice was taken away, and the place of his sanctuary was cast down. Daniel 8:11.

> Eeyyee, inni hanga abbaa waraanaa sanaattis of guddisse; isaatiinis aarsaan guyyuu dhihaatu keessaa fuudhame, iddoon qulqullummaa isaatiis gad buufame. Daani’el 8:11.

When Constantine cast down the city of Rome for the city of Constantinople, he left a power vacuum in the city of Rome open for the papal church to take the seat of authority represented by the city of Rome. The act fulfilled verse two of Revelation thirteen.

Yeroo Qonstantiinos magaalaa Roomaa dhiisee magaalaa Qonstantiinoopoliif gadi lakkise, inni magaalaa Roomaa keessatti iddoo aangoo duwwaa ta’e dhiisee, kunis waldaa paappaasii teessoo aboo magaalaa Roomaan bakka buufamu fudhachuuf banaa ture. Gochoonni kun Mul’ata Yohannis boqonnaa kudha sadii lakkoofsa lama raawwate.

> And the beast which I saw was like unto a leopard, and his feet were as the feet of a bear, and his mouth as the mouth of a lion: and the dragon gave him his power, and his seat, and great authority. Revelation 13:2.

> Anii bineensi ani argu sun, miillaa isaa akka miillaa ormaa ture, afaan isaas akka afaan leencaa ture; qeeransichis humna isaa, teessoo isaa, aangoo guddaa isaas isaaf kenne. Mul’ata Yohaannis 13:2.

In Daniel 8, two different Hebrew words, both translated as “sanctuary” distinguish the story of the sanctuary in the book of Daniel. The book of Daniel represents a warfare between Christ and Satan as illustrated in the earthly representatives of Christ and Satan. Babylon, Satan’s earthly representative conquers Jerusalem in the opening of Daniel, and Jerusalem conquers Babylon in verse forty-five of chapter eleven. The kingdoms represented by the city of Jerusalem and the city of Babylon are “sanctuaries of strength.” The cities of Babylon and Jerusalem are both sanctuaries of strength, and they both have their own temples within the city. The Pantheon temple is in the city of Rome, and the temple in Jerusalem is the counterpart in the prophetic narrative. Babylon and the city of Rome are counterfeits of Jerusalem.

दानियेल ८ मा “पवित्रस्थान” भनेर अनुवाद गरिएका दुई फरक हिब्रू शब्दहरूले दानियेलको पुस्तकमा पवित्रस्थानको कथालाई भिन्न पार्छन्। दानियेलको पुस्तकले ख्रीष्ट र शैतानबीचको युद्धलाई प्रस्तुत गर्दछ, जसलाई ख्रीष्ट र शैतानका पृथ्वीका प्रतिनिधिहरूमा चित्रित गरिएको छ। दानियेलको प्रारम्भमा शैतानको पृथ्वीको प्रतिनिधि बाबेलले यरूशलेमलाई जित्छ, र अध्याय ११ को पद ४५ मा यरूशलेमले बाबेललाई जित्छ। यरूशलेम सहर र बाबेल सहरद्वारा प्रतिनिधित्व गरिएका राज्यहरू “बलका पवित्रस्थानहरू” हुन्। बाबेल र यरूशलेम दुवै सहर बलका पवित्रस्थानहरू हुन्, र दुवैसँग सहरभित्र आफ्ना-आफ्नै मन्दिरहरू छन्। प्यान्थियन मन्दिर रोम सहरमा छ, र यरूशलेमको मन्दिर भविष्यवाणीको आख्यानमा त्यसको समकक्ष हो। बाबेल र रोम सहर यरूशलेमका कूट-नक्कलहरू हुन्।

In Daniel 8, the two Hebrew words are “miqdash” in verse 11, where the little horn (pagan Rome) casts down the “place of his sanctuary” (the city of Rome), when Constantine relocates in 330. The other word is “qodesh” in verses 13, 14, where God’s sanctuary awaits cleansing after 2300 days. Though both words are translated as sanctuary, “miqdash” can represent either God’s fortress or a pagan fortress, whereas “qodesh” is only used in the Bible to represent God’s sanctuary.

Daaniʼel boqonnaa 8 keessatti jechoonni Ibrootaa lama jiru: lakkoofsa 11 keessatti “miqdash” jedhu, achitti gaanfi xinnaan (Roomaa waaqeffannaa mootummaa) yeroo Qonstaantiinos bara 330 keessa mootummaa isaa achii geeddarutti “iddoo mootummaa qulqullummaa isaa” (magaalaa Roomaa) ni gatu. Jechi biraan immoo lakkoofsa 13 fi 14 keessatti “qodesh” dha; achitti qulqullummaan Waaqayyoo guyyaa 2300 booddee qulqulleeffamuu ni eeggata. Inni lamaan isaanii hiikaan isaanii qulqullummaa jechuun hiikaman iyyuu, “miqdash” daʼoo Waaqayyoo yookaan daʼoo waaqeffannaa mootummaa bakka buʼuu dandaʼa; “qodesh” garuu Macaafa Qulqulluu keessatti qulqullummaa Waaqayyoo qofa bakka buʼuuf qofa itti fayyadama.

In Daniel 11:31, the “sanctuary of strength” (the city of Rome) is polluted as the Barbarians and Vandals bring warfare to the city of Rome. The “arms” in the verse started with Clovis in 496 and continued until papal Rome, was fully ascendant by 538, when the Ostrogoths are expelled from the city.

Daani’el 11:31 keessatti “mana qulqullummaa humnaa” (magaalaa Roomaa) xureeffameera; yeroo Barbariyoonni fi Vaandaalonni waraana gara magaalaa Roomaatti fidanitti. “Irreen” jedhu lakkoofsa sana keessatti Kiloovisii wajjin bara 496 jalqabe; itti fufees hanga Roomaan paaphaasummaa guutummaatti ol baatee aangoo ishee keessatti jabaattee bara 538tti, yeroo Oostroogootonni magaalaa keessaa ari’amanitti, ture.

The prophetic line from Actium extends beyond 330. Verse 30’s “ships of Chittim” identify the Vandals under Genseric, who sacked Rome in 455, signaling Western Rome’s collapse. Papal Rome then rises, ruling from 538 until 1798; for 1260 years until Napoleon’s General Berthier delivered the “deadly wound” by capturing Pius VI. The 360 years of pagan Rome, from 30 BC to 330, mirrors the 1260 years of papal Rome, each beginning when a third obstacle (Egypt, Ostrogoths) falls.

ଆକ୍ଟିଅମ୍‌ରୁ ଆରମ୍ଭ ହୋଇଥିବା ଭବିଷ୍ୟଦ୍ବାଣୀମୂଳକ ରେଖା 330ରେ ସମାପ୍ତ ହୁଏ ନାହିଁ; ଏହା ତାହାଠାରୁ ଆଗକୁ ବିସ୍ତାରିତ ହୁଏ। ପଦ 30ର “କିତ୍ତିମ୍‌ର ଜାହାଜମାନେ” ଗେନ୍ସେରିକଙ୍କ ଅଧୀନସ୍ଥ ଭାଣ୍ଡାଲମାନଙ୍କୁ ଚିହ୍ନିତ କରେ; ସେମାନେ 455ରେ ରୋମକୁ ଲୁଟିଥିଲେ, ଯାହା ପଶ୍ଚିମ ରୋମର ପତନର ସଙ୍କେତ ଦେଇଥିଲା। ପରେ ପାପାଳ ରୋମ ଉଦୟ ହୁଏ, ଯାହା 538ରୁ 1798 ପର୍ଯ୍ୟନ୍ତ ଶାସନ କରିଥିଲା; 1260 ବର୍ଷ ପର୍ଯ୍ୟନ୍ତ, ଯେପର୍ଯ୍ୟନ୍ତ ନାପୋଲିଅନଙ୍କ ଜେନେରାଲ୍ ବେର୍ତିଏ, ପିଉସ୍ VIଙ୍କୁ ବନ୍ଦୀ କରି, “ମାରାତ୍ମକ ଘାଉ” ପ୍ରଦାନ କରିନଥିଲେ। ପୌରାଣିକ ରୋମର 360 ବର୍ଷ—ଖ୍ରୀଷ୍ଟପୂର୍ବ 30ରୁ 330 ପର୍ଯ୍ୟନ୍ତ—ପାପାଳ ରୋମର 1260 ବର୍ଷର ପ୍ରତିବିମ୍ବ; ଉଭୟ ଏପରି ସମୟରେ ଆରମ୍ଭ ହୁଏ, ଯେତେବେଳେ ତୃତୀୟ ବାଧା (ମିଶର, ଓଷ୍ଟ୍ରୋଗୋଥମାନେ) ପତିତ ହୋଇଯାଏ।

The modern “king of the north” emerges in verse 40. In 1989, the papacy, allied secretly with Reagan’s USA (symbolized as chariots, ships, and horsemen), topples the USSR, the “king of the south” (atheism/Communism). Verse 41 identifies the papacy conquering the “glorious land”—turning the Protestant USA into the Catholic USA—while verses 42, 43 identify the United Nations represented by Egypt yielding to a threefold union consisting of the United Nations (the dragon) the Vatican (the beast) and the United States (the false prophet), steering the world to Armageddon. Verse 45 predicts this power’s end, “with none to help,” its wound healed in verse forty-one, but its fate sealed by verse forty-five.

“Kaabaan mootummaa ammayyaa” lakkoofsa 40 keessatti mul’ata. Bara 1989 keessatti, mootummaa paaphaasii, Ameerikaa Reegan waliin dhoksaadhaan michoomte, (gaariiwwan waraanaa, dooniiwwanii fi fardeen yaabbataniin fakkeeffamte) USSR, “mootii kibbaa” (waaqayyummaa-hin-jiru jechuun/Komunizimii) mootummaa gad buuste. Lakkoofsi 41 paaphaasii “biyya ulfina qabeettii” mo’achuu isaa ibsa—USA Pirootestaantii gara USA Kaatolikaatti jijjiiruun—lakkoofsotni 42 fi 43 immoo Gamtaa Mootummoota Addunyaa, Gibxiin bakka buufame, tokkummaa sadii keessaa ijaarameef harka kennuu isaa adda baasu; innis Gamtaa Mootummoota Addunyaa (jawwee), Vaatikaanii (bineensa) fi Yunaayitid Isteetis (raajii sobaa) of keessaa qabaachuun addunyaa gara Armaagedonitti qajeelcha. Lakkoofsi 45 humna kanaa xumura isaa, “kan isa gargaaru tokko illee malee,” akka raawwatamu dursee dubbata; madaan isaa lakkoofsa afurtamii tokko keessatti fayye, garuu badiinsi isaa lakkoofsa afurtamii shaniin murtaa’eera.

Actium in 31 BC is the focus of verses 25, 26, launching Rome’s 360-year reign from its sanctuary-stronghold. With verse fourteen as a caveat, the story of pagan Rome from verse sixteen unto the transition to papal Rome in verse thirty-one is the complete line of pagan Rome. That line is divided into three parts. Verse sixteen to twenty-two is the line of Rome’s dominance over ancient Israel. Verse twenty-three and twenty-four identifies that work of empire building which Rome employed when conquering through leagues and treaties in conjunction with military might. Verse twenty-four through to the last expression in verse thirty-one is a two-part line representing a period when Rome exalted itself, followed by a fall.

31 BC- keessatti Actium lakkoofsoota 25 fi 26 irratti xiyyeeffannaa guddaa qaba; kunis mootummaa Roomaa waggaa 360f turu, iddoo qulqullummaa-masaraa isaa irraa jalqabsiisa. Lakkoofsi kudha afur akka akeekkachiisaatti hubatamee, seenaan Roomaa waaqeffannaa waaqota hedduu qabu kan lakkoofsa kudha jaha irraa eegalee hamma jijjiirama gara Roomaa paaphaasummaatti lakkoofsa soddomii tokko keessatti mul’atutti jiru, sarara guutuu Roomaa waaqeffannaa waaqota hedduu qabuudha. Sararri sun kutaa sadiitti qoodama. Lakkoofsi kudha jaha irraa hamma digdamii lamaatti sarara olaantummaa Roomaa irratti Israa’el durii agarsiisa. Lakkoofsi digdamii sadii fi digdamii afur hojii mootummaa ijaaruu sana kan Roomaan humna waraanaa wajjin walqabsiisuudhaan walta’iinsaa fi waliigalteedhaan mo’achuuf itti fayyadame adda baasa. Lakkoofsi digdamii afur irraa eegalee hamma ibsa dhumaa lakkoofsa soddomii tokko keessatti argamutti sarara kutaa lama qabu bakka bu’a; innis yeroo Roomaan of ol qabde, sana booddee kufaatiin itti aanu agarsiisa.

The “time appointed” is the conclusion of the 360 years in the year 330. Verses twenty-seven unto the last phrase of verse thirty-one, which identifies when the papal power, represented as the abomination that maketh desolate was placed on the throne in 538 is the history of pagan Rome in the context of the period of three hundred and sixty years of supreme rule, which is then followed by two hundred and eight years of a progressive fall.

“yeroon ramadame” jechuun waggaa 330 keessatti xumura waggoota 360 ti. Keeyyattoonni digdamii torbaa irraa kaasee hamma hima dhumaa keeyyata soddomii tokko keessatti, yeroo aangoon paappaasummaa, kan akka xureeffannaa balleessituutti bakka buufamee, bara 538 teessoo mootummaa irra kaa’ame adda baafatu, seenaa Roomaa bututaa dha; kunis haala yeroo waggoota dhibba sadii fi jahaatama bulchiinsa olaanaa keessatti ibsamee, achiis waggoota dhibba lamaa fi saddeet kufaatii suuta-suuta adeemuudhaan itti fufa.

Therefore the “time” of verse twenty-four begins in 31 BC with an addition of the king of the south to the domain of the king of the north, and it ends in 330 with a division of the king of the north into east and west. From 330 unto 538 pagan Rome progressively falls apart. The various prophetic identifications associated with the various steps of demise of pagan Rome are the prophetic anchors that allow the student of prophecy to recognize God’s prophetic Word. In fulfillment of verse fourteen of Daniel eleven, Rome establishes the vision, and one of the ways that it does that very thing is through its fall. The verse states, “also the robbers of thy people shall exalt themselves to establish the vision; but they shall fall.”

Kanaaf “yeroon” keewwata digdamii-afurii lakkoofsa keessatti argamu bara dhaloota Kiristoos dura 31 keessatti, mootummaa kaabaa keessatti mootummaa kibbaa dabalamuudhaan jalqaba; mootummaa kaabaa bahaa fi dhihaatti qoodamuu isaatiin immoo bara 330 keessatti xumurama. Bara 330 irraa hamma 538tti Roomaan waaqeffannaa mootummaa durii qabdu suuta suuta diigamti. Addaan baafamni raajii adda addaa kan tarkaanfii adda addaa kufaatii Roomaa waaqeffannaa durii wajjin walqabatan, barataa raajii Dubbii raajii Waaqayyoo akka hubatu isa dandeessisan bu’uurota raajii ti. Raawwii Daani’el boqonnaa kudha tokko lakkoofsa kudha afur keessatti, Roomaan mul’ata sana ni dhaabdi; wantoota akkas gootu keessaa tokko kufaatii isheetiini. Lakkoofsichi akkana jedha, “saamtonni saba keetii immoo mul’ata sana dhaabuuf of ol in kaasu; garuu ni kufu.”

When Rome is attacked by the ships of Chittim, and thereafter attacks the south, it was not as the either the former or the latter, for from here onward the fall of the Roman power is being portrayed. The first four trumpets of the seven trumpets of Revelation found in chapter eight specifically describe the four major powers that ultimately brought Western Rome to a conclusion by 476. The vision is established when the robbers of thy people exalt themselves and fall. The prophetic vision is illustrated upon the framework of Rome’s fall. Western pagan Rome fell from 330 unto 538. Papal Rome fell in 1798. In the history of the fifth and sixth trumpet Eastern Rome fell to the Ottoman Turks in 1453. Those three falls are part of the vision that is established by the robbers of thy people.

ቂጢም መርከቦች ሮምን ሲያጠቁ፣ ከዚያም ደቡብን ሲያጠቃ፣ ይህ እንደ ፊተኛውም ሆነ እንደ ኋለኛው አልነበረም፤ ምክንያቱም ከዚህ ጀምሮ የሮማውያን ኃይል ውድቀት እየተገለጸ ነውና። ከራእይ ምዕራፍ ስምንት ውስጥ የተገኙት የሰባቱ መለከቶች ውስጥ የመጀመሪያዎቹ አራት መለከቶች፣ በመጨረሻ በ476 ምዕራባዊቱን ሮም ወደ ፍጻሜ ያመጡትን አራቱን ዋና ኃያላን በተለይ ይገልጻሉ። ራእዩ የሚቋቋመው ከሕዝብህ ዘራፊዎች ራሳቸውን ከፍ ባደረጉና በወደቁ ጊዜ ነው። ትንቢታዊው ራእይ በሮም ውድቀት መዋቅር ላይ ተገልጿል። ምዕራባዊቱ አረማዊት ሮም ከ330 እስከ 538 ወደቀች። ጳጳሳዊት ሮም በ1798 ወደቀች። በአምስተኛውና በስድስተኛው መለከት ታሪክ ውስጥ ምሥራቃዊቱ ሮም በ1453 ለኦቶማን ቱርኮች ወደቀች። እነዚያ ሶስቱ ውድቀቶች በሕዝብህ ዘራፊዎች የሚቋቋመው የራእዩ ክፍል ናቸው።

The verse states, “also the robbers of thy people shall exalt themselves to establish the vision; but they shall fall.” From 31 BC to 330 pagan Rome “exalted themselves” in their supremacy over the world. From 330 to 538 pagan Rome fell away to prepare for the man of sin to be seated in the temple of God, proclaiming himself to be God. From 538 unto 1798 the papal power “exalted themselves,” and in 1798 they fell. From 31 BC to 330 Western Rome “exalted” that it was the center of the Roman empire, and from 330 unto 476 it fell. In 330 Constantine exalted that Constantinople was the center of Eastern Rome and in 1453 Eastern Rome fell. The periods of the various representations of Rome, each possess a period where Rome exalts, followed by a period illustrating its fall, for “the robbers of thy people shall exalt themselves to establish the vision; but they shall fall.”

Aayatichi jechuun, “akkasumas saamtoonni saba kee mul’ata sana dhaabuuf of ol inkaasu; isaanii garuu ni kufu” jedha. Dh.K.D. 31 irraa hanga 330tti Roomaan waaqeffannaa-buqqaatu olaantummaa ishee addunyaa irratti qabdu keessatti “of ol inkaaste.” 330 irraa hanga 538tti Roomaan waaqeffannaa-buqqaatu kufaatii keessa seente; kunis namichi cubbuu mana qulqullummaa Waaqayyoo keessatti taa’ee ofii isaa akka Waaqayyootti labsuuf qophaa’uudhaaf ture. 538 irraa hanga 1798tti aangoon paaphaasummaa “of ol inkaase,” 1798 keessattis ni kufe. Dh.K.D. 31 irraa hanga 330tti Roomaan Dhihaa wiirtuu mootummaa Roomaa ta’uu ishee “of ol inkaaste,” 330 irraa hanga 476ttis ni kufte. Bara 330tti Qonistaantinoos Qonistaantinopleen wiirtuu Roomaa Bahaa ta’uu ishee ol inkaase; 1453 keessattis Roomaan Bahaa ni kufte. Yeroon bakka-bu’umsa adda addaa Roomaa keessaa tokkoon tokkoon isaanii yeroo Roomaan of ol inkaastu ni qabu; sana booddees yeroo kufaatii ishee agarsiisu ni qaba; sababiin isaas, “saamtoonni saba kee mul’ata sana dhaabuuf of ol inkaasu; isaanii garuu ni kufu” jedhameera.

The Hebrew word translated as “robbers” is better translated as “breakers” for it aligns more closely with the root’s primary sense—to break through or disrupt—rather than strictly “robbers” (which implies theft). The term suggests those who fracture boundaries, laws, or covenants, not just steal goods. Rome is the breaker in Bible prophecy, though it is translated as “robbers” in verse fourteen. In Daniel chapter two Rome is the iron kingdom, and then in chapter seven the fourth beast is also Rome.

“robbers” jechuun hiikamte jechi Ibrootaa sun, hiika hundee isaa isa duraa—cabsuu keessa darbu yookaan jeequu—wajjin caalaatti waan wal simatuuf, “breakers” jechuun hiikamuun wayya; “robbers” jechuun garuu hattummaa kan agarsiisudha. Jechi kun warra daangaa, seera, yookaan kakuu cabsan kan agarsiisu malee, qabeenya qofa kan hatan miti. Raawmiin raajii Macaafa Qulqulluu keessatti Roomaan isa cabsuudha; ta’us lakkoofsa kudha afur keessatti “robbers” jedhamee hiikameera. Daani’el boqonnaa lama keessatti Roomaan mootummaa sibiilaati; achiis boqonnaa torba keessatti bineensi afraffaanis Roomauma.

> After this I saw in the night visions, and behold a fourth beast, dreadful and terrible, and strong exceedingly; and it had great iron teeth: it devoured and brake in pieces, and stamped the residue with the feet of it: and it was diverse from all the beasts that were before it; and it had ten horns. Daniel 7:7.

> Kana booddee kanaa an mul’ata halkanii keessatti arge; kunoo bineensi afraffaan, sodaachisaa fi akka malee naasisaan, humna guddaa kan qabu ture; innis ilkaan sibiilaa guguddaa qaba ture; ni liqimse, ni caccabse, haftees miilla isaatiin ni dhidhiite; innis bineensota isa dura turan hundumaa irraa adda ture; gaanfa kudhanis qaba ture. Daani’el 7:7.

The fourth beast–which is Rome–has “iron” teeth, for it is the same fourth kingdom represented as iron in chapter two. In verse seven the fourth beast of Rome “breaks in pieces,” and when it breaks in pieces it “stamped the residue with the feet of it.” The beast of Rome is the iron kingdom and the characteristic of braking in pieces and stamping the residue represents the act of persecution. The persecution brought upon ancient Israel was a “sign.”

Bineensi afraffaa—inni Roomii dha—ilkaan “sibiilaa” qaba; mootummaa afraffaa isa boqonnaa lammaffaatti sibiilaan bakka buufame sanuma waan taʼeef. Lakkoofsa torba keessatti bineensi afraffaa Roomii “caccabsa”; yeroo caccabsus “hafe miilla isaatiin irra miide.” Bineensi Roomii mootummaa sibiilaa dha; amaloonni caccabsuu fi hafe irra miidhuu immoo gocha ariʼatamaa geessisuu bakka buʼu. Ariʼatamni Israaʼel durii irratti fide “mallattoo” ture.

> Moreover all these curses shall come upon thee, and shall pursue thee, and overtake thee, till thou be destroyed; because thou hearkenedst not unto the voice of the Lord thy God, to keep his commandments and his statutes which he commanded thee: And they shall be upon thee for a sign and for a wonder, and upon thy seed forever. Because thou servedst not the Lord thy God with joyfulness, and with gladness of heart, for the abundance of all things; Therefore shalt thou serve thine enemies which the Lord shall send against thee, in hunger, and in thirst, and in nakedness, and in want of all things: and he shall put a yoke of iron upon thy neck, until he have destroyed thee. The Lord shall bring a nation against thee from far, from the end of the earth, as swift as the eagle flieth; a nation whose tongue thou shalt not understand; A nation of fierce countenance, which shall not regard the person of the old, nor shew favour to the young. Deuteronomy 28:45–50.

> Kana maleen abaarsuu hundinuu sitti dhufu; si ariʼu; si gaʼus, hamma ati badaattutti; sababni isaas, ati sagalee Waaqayyo gooftaa keetii hin dhageenye; ajajawwan isaa fi seerota isaa inni siif ajaje eeguudhaafis hin abboomamne. Isaanis mallattoo fi waan nama dinqisiisu taʼanii sitti, sanyii kee irrattis bara baraan ni taʼu. Sababni isaas, ati baayʼina waan hundumaa keessatti gammachuudhaanii fi ililchuudhaan garaa keetiitiin Waaqayyo gooftaa kee hin tajaajille; kanaafuu diinota kee warra Waaqayyo sitti ergu beelaan, dheebuun, qullaa taʼuudhaan, waan hundumaa dhabuudhaan ni tajaajilta; innis hamma si balleessutti morma kee irratti waanjoo sibiilaa ni kaaʼa. Waaqayyo biyya fagoorraa, handaara lafaatii, akkuma risaa saffisaan barrisu, saba sitti ni fida; saba afaan isaa ati hin hubanne; saba fuula jabaataa, kan jaarsaaf hin kabajne yookaan dargaggootaaf tola hin oolle. Keessa Deebii 28:45–50.

The curses upon ancient Israel brought about by their rebellion are a “sign and a wonder, and upon thy seed forever.” The curse was to be brought upon them with “a nation of fierce countenance.” The beast with iron teeth that “breaks in pieces and stamps the residue” in chapter seven is also the fourth kingdom which proceeds from the division of Alexander’s kingdom, and just as with Moses in Deuteronomy, that kingdom is a nation whose tongue ancient Israel would not understand. The kingdom of Rome in Daniel chapter eight is a nation of fierce countenance and a nation who speaks a different language.

Balaan isaan fincila isaanii irraa kan ka’e Israa’el durii irratti dhufan “mallattoo fi dinqii, akkasumas sanyii kee irratti bara baraan” dha. Balaan sun “saba fuula jabaataa” ta’een isaan irratti fidamuu qaba ture. Bineensi ilkaan sibiilaa qabu inni boqonnaa torbaffaa keessatti “caccabsee cicciraa hafes miidhu” sunis mootummaa afraffaa isa mootummaa Aliksaandor qoodamuu isaa irraa ka’u dha; akkuma Musee keessatti Seera Keessa Deebii keessatti ibsameen, mootummaa sun saba afaan isaa Israa’el durii hin hubanne dha. Mootummaan Roomaa inni Daani’el boqonnaa saddeettaffaa keessatti ibsame saba fuula jabaataa fi saba afaan biraa dubbatu dha.

> Now that being broken, whereas four stood up for it, four kingdoms shall stand up out of the nation, but not in his power. And in the latter time of their kingdom, when the transgressors are come to the full, a king of fierce countenance, and understanding dark sentences, shall stand up. Daniel 8:22, 23.

> Amma inni cabuun isaa keessaa afur kaʼan kana jechuun, mootummaa afur sabicha keessaa ni kaʼu; garuu humna isaa keessatti miti. Bara mootummaa isaanii isa dhumaa keessatti, yeroo warri yakka hojjetan guutummaa isaanii gaʼanitti, mootichi fuula jabaataa fi dubbii iccitii hubatu ni kaʼa. Daaniʼel 8:22, 23.

The “robbers (breakers) of thy people” establish the vision, they exalt themselves and they fall. The fourth iron kingdom was pagan Rome who ruled supremely when exalting themselves, but whose ultimate fall became a prophetic characteristic which establishes the vision. They are breakers for they trample down God’s people through persecution.

“Namoonni kee saamtota (cabsoota)” mul’ata ni dhaabu; of ol qabu, garuu ni kufu. Mootummaan afraffaan sibiilaa Roomaa waaqeffannaa tolfamaa ture; yeroo of ol qabatetti mootummaa olaanaa guutummaatti ni bulche; garuu kufaatiin isaa inni dhumaa amala raajii kan mul’ata sana dhaabu ta’e. Isaan cabsoota; sababiin isaas ari’atamaan saba Waaqayyoo miidhuudhaan gad dhiitu.

We will continue this study in the next article.

Nutisagalee itti aanu keessatti qorannaa kana itti fufna.

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