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# ፓንዩም - ቁጥር አምስት

Warra Uummata Kee Hattotanii: Raawwatamuu fi Kufuun Roomaa Raajii Keessatti

Author

Jeff Pippenger

Published

March 5, 2025

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Kitaabni Daani’eel seenaa raajii dinqisiisaa tokko ni ibsa; keessattiis qajeelfamni “irra deebi’uu fi bal’ifachuu” jedhu, mul’atawwan isaa hunda keessa akka hidda walitti hidhatuutti ni diriira; siidaa sibiilota adda addaa irraa ijaarame kan boqonnaa 2 keessa jiru irraa jalqabee hamma walitti bu’iinsa mootota walxaxaa kan boqonnaa 11 keessatti ibsamutti. Qajeelfama kana keessatti, yaadni jabaataan tokko ni mul’ata: lolli Actium kan bara 31 BC, kufaatii Gibxi kan bara 30 BC keessatti xumurame, akka raawwii murteessaa Daani’eel 11:25, 26 ta’ee dhaabbata; kunis jalqaba olaantummaa Roomaa waaqeffannaa-buqqaatota ta’e waggoota 360f ture ni mallatteessa.

ଦାନିଏଲ ୧୧ ଅଧ୍ୟାୟ ୩୨୩ ଖ୍ରୀଷ୍ଟ ପୂର୍ବରେ ଆଲେକ୍ସାଣ୍ଡର ମହାନଙ୍କ ମୃତ୍ୟୁ ପରେ ସାମ୍ରାଜ୍ୟମାନଙ୍କ ଉଦୟ ଓ ପତନ ସହ ଆରମ୍ଭ ହୁଏ। କିନ୍ତୁ, ୧୪ ପଦକୁ ଆସିବା ସମୟରେ ଏକ ପରିବର୍ତ୍ତନ ଘଟେ। ପ୍ରାୟ ୨୦୦ ଖ୍ରୀଷ୍ଟ ପୂର୍ବରେ, ଯେତେବେଳେ ଆଣ୍ଟିଓକସ ତୃତୀୟ (ମ୍ୟାଗ୍ନସ) ଶିଶୁ-ରାଜା ପ୍ଟୋଲେମି ପଞ୍ଚମଙ୍କ ବିରୁଦ୍ଧରେ ପାନିଅମ ଯୁଦ୍ଧ ପାଇଁ ପ୍ରସ୍ତୁତ ହେଉଥିଲେ, ସେତେବେଳେ ରୋମ କେବଳ ଜଣେ ନିର୍ବିକାର ଦର୍ଶକ ଭାବେ ନୁହେଁ, ବରଂ “ତୁମ ଜନଙ୍କ ଲୁଟେରାମାନେ” ଭାବେ ହସ୍ତକ୍ଷେପ କଲା। ହେଲେନିସ୍ଟିକ ଅଶାନ୍ତିର ମଧ୍ୟରେ ମିଶରର ଗହୁଁ ଯୋଗାଣକୁ ସୁନିଶ୍ଚିତ କରିବା ନେଇ ଚିନ୍ତିତ ହୋଇ, ରୋମ ଦ୍ୱିତୀୟ ମାକେଡୋନିଆନ ଯୁଦ୍ଧ (୨୦୦–୧୯୭ ଖ୍ରୀଷ୍ଟ ପୂର୍ବ) ସମୟରେ ନିଜ ପ୍ରଭାବ ପ୍ରଦର୍ଶନ କଲା, ଏବଂ ଏହା ତାହାର ଭବିଷ୍ୟଦ୍ବାଣୀମୂଳକ ଭୂମିକା ପାଇଁ ପରିପ୍ରେକ୍ଷ୍ୟ ସୃଷ୍ଟି କଲା।

## የሮማ በአይሁድ ላይ የበላይነት

63 BCtti saffisaa gara fuulduraatti, lakkoofsi 16 yeroo Poombey Yerusaalem weeraree, Iddoo Qulqulluu Hunda Caalaa seenee, “biyya ulfinaa” irratti mootummaa Roomaa dhaabuudhaan guutamuu isaa argina. Achii kaasee, lakkoofsota 17 hamma 22tti tartiiba namoota mootummaa Roomaa keessaa ta’an ni hordofu: duula Poombey gara bahaatti godhe, injifannoo fi ajjeechaa Julius Caesar bara 44 BC keessatti, mootummaa gibira walitti qabuun beekamu kan Augustus Caesar (akka Luqaas 2:1 keessatti eerame) kan bara 14 ADtti xumurame, fi Tiberius inni Kiristoos fannifamuu isaa bara 31 AD keessatti ilaale, yeroo “bulchaan kakuu” cabee ture. Sararri raajii Poombey isa Yerusaalem keessa ture irraa jalqabee hanga Tiitus isa bara 70 ADtti Yerusaalem keessa turetti, sarara ol’aantummaa Roomaa irratti saba Waaqayyoo irratti ture ni ibsa.

Mana qulqulluu Raawumsa mootummaa Roomaa tokkoon xureeffame irraa eegalee hanga yeroo Raawumsi mootummaa Roomaa tokkoon mana qulqullummaa balleessetti xumuramuutti mallattoo Alfaa fi Oomeegaa kenna. Xureessuu irraa eegalee balleessuudhaan xumuramuun, sararri seenaa sunis xureessuu fi balleessuu Isa ofiisaa irratti, “Mana qulqullummaa kana diigaa, anis guyyaa sadi keessatti isa nan kaasa” jedhe sana of keessaa qaba. Dhugaan qubee jalqabaa, kudha sadii ffaa fi qubee dhumaa alifbeetii Ibrootaa irraa ijaarame; sararri Poompeeyii irraa eegalee Tiitosiin xumuramus badiisa mana qulqullummaa giddu galeessaa tokko of keessaa qaba; badiisni sunis giddu gala fannoo sadii, isa Kiristoos torban sana giddu galeessatti kakuu mirkaneessuuf yeroo dhufe keessatti dhaabaman, irratti fakkeeffameera. Lakkoofsi kudha jaha irraa hanga kudha lamaa fi lamaatti sarara raajii mallattoo dhugaa baatu bakka bu’u. Seenaa lakkoofsota kanneen keessatti bakka buufame keessaa sararoonni raajii barbaachisoo muraasni jiru; garuu mata dureen ijoo sarara sanaa Yihudoota irratti olaantummaa Roomaan qabdudha.

## Walittiifi Waliigaltee fi Kakuu

Ayyaanni 23ffaan “deebi’ee bal’isee” ibsuudhaan gara bara 161–158 Dh.K.B.tti deebi’a; yeroo Yihudoonni Yihudaa Makkabiyaas jalatti Roomaa wajjin waliigaltee mootummaa dhaabanitti (1 Maccabees 8). Kunis tarsiimoo addaa Roomaan mootummaa ijaarratu calaqqisiisa—mo’icha waliigalteewwanii fi michoomaan argachuu; karaa mootummaa ishee dura turan irraa adda ta’e. Ayyaanni 24ffaan immoo marsaa kana xumuruudhaan, Roomaan “da’oo ishee masaraawwan jabaatoota irraa, yeroo tokkoof illee, dursee yaaddu” jedhee hubachiisa.

> Akkasumasis isaas wajjin godhamee booddee inni gowwoomsaan hojjetta; saba muraasa wajjin ol baʼee jabaataas ni taʼa. Inni nagaan gara iddoo gabbataa taʼan kutaa mootummaa sanaattis ni seena; waan abboonni isaa hin godhin, yookaan abboonni abbootii isaas hin godhin ni godha; saamicha, boojii, fi qabeenya isaan gidduutti ni facaasa; eeyyee, yeroo tokkoof immoo daʼannoowwan jajjaboo irratti malawwan isaa ni qopheeffata. Daaniʼel 11:23, 24.

## Yeroo Tokkoof

“ବିରୁଦ୍ଧରେ” ବୋଲି ଅନୁବାଦିତ ହୋଇଥିବା ଶବ୍ଦଟିକୁ “ଠାରୁ” ବୋଲି ମଧ୍ୟ ବୁଝିହେବ। ରୋମ ନିଜର ଯୋଜନାମାନଙ୍କୁ “ଠାରୁ” ପୂର୍ବସୂଚିତ କରେ। ଏହି ପଦ୍ୟରେ “ଠାରୁ” ଶବ୍ଦଟି ସାମ୍ରାଜ୍ୟର ରାଜନୈତିକ ଏବଂ ସାମରିକ ହୃଦୟ ଭାବେ ରୋମ ସହରକୁ, ତାହାର କୌଶଳମାନଙ୍କର ଆଧାରସ୍ଥଳ ଭାବେ, ସୂଚିତ କରେ। “ସମୟ” ଭବିଷ୍ୟଦ୍ବାଣୀମୂଳକ ଭାବରେ ୩୬୦ ବର୍ଷ, ଯାହା ଆକ୍ଟିଅମ ପରେ 30 BC ରେ ମିଶରର ପତନ ସମୟରୁ ଆରମ୍ଭ ହୋଇ, ଏବଂ କନ୍ଷ୍ଟାଣ୍ଟିନ ରୋମକୁ ଛାଡ଼ି କନ୍ଷ୍ଟାଣ୍ଟିନୋପଲକୁ ଯିବାବେଳେ, ଖ୍ରୀଷ୍ଟାବ୍ଦ 330 ବର୍ଷରେ ସମାପ୍ତ ହୁଏ।

Lakkoobson 25 fi 26 Actium mataa isaa irratti xiyyeeffatu.

> እርሱም በታላቅ ሠራዊት ኃይሉንና ድፍረቱን በደቡብ ንጉሥ ላይ ያነሣል፤ የደቡብም ንጉሥ ደግሞ በእጅግ ታላቅና ብርቱ ሠራዊት ለጦርነት ይነሣል፤ ነገር ግን አይጸናም፥ በእርሱ ላይ ተንኮል ያስባሉና። አዎን፥ ከመብሉ ድርሻ የሚበሉት እነርሱ ያጠፉታል፤ ሠራዊቱም ይፈስሳል፥ ብዙዎችም ተገድለው ይወድቃሉ። ዳንኤል 11፥25-26።

ଖ୍ରୀଷ୍ଟପୂର୍ବ ୩୧ ମସିହାରେ, “ଉତ୍ତରର ରାଜା” ଭାବେ ରୋମଙ୍କୁ ପ୍ରତିନିଧିତ୍ୱ କରୁଥିବା ଅକ୍ଟାଭିଆନ, “ଦକ୍ଷିଣର ରାଜା” କ୍ଲିଓପାଟ୍ରାଙ୍କ ମିଶର ବିରୁଦ୍ଧରେ ଏକ ବିଶାଳ ନୌସେନା ସଂଘର୍ଷରେ ନିଜ ସେନାବଳକୁ ସମାବେଶ କଲେ। ଆଣ୍ଟୋନୀ ଓ କ୍ଲିଓପାଟ୍ରାଙ୍କ “ଅତ୍ୟନ୍ତ ବଡ଼ ଓ ପ୍ରବଳ ସେନାବଳ” ଡଗମଗିଗଲା, କୌଶଳମୟ “ଉପାୟମାନ” (ଆଗ୍ରିପ୍ପାଙ୍କ ଯୁଦ୍ଧକୌଶଳ) ଏବଂ ବିଶ୍ୱାସଘାତଦ୍ୱାରା ପରାଜିତ ହେଲା—ଆଣ୍ଟୋନୀଙ୍କ ମିତ୍ରମାନଙ୍କ ପକ୍ଷତ୍ୟାଗ ଓ ଯୁଦ୍ଧମଧ୍ୟରେ କ୍ଲିଓପାଟ୍ରାଙ୍କ ପଳାୟନ ଦ୍ୱାରା। ଖ୍ରୀଷ୍ଟପୂର୍ବ ୩୦ ମସିହା ପର୍ଯ୍ୟନ୍ତ, ମିଶର ରୋମର ଏକ ପ୍ରାନ୍ତ ହୋଇପଡ଼ିଲା, ଏବଂ ଏହା ସହିତ ପୌରାଣିକ ରୋମର ନିର୍ବିବାଦ ଶାସନର ଆରମ୍ଭ ହେଲା। ଖ୍ରୀଷ୍ଟପୂର୍ବ ୩୦ ରୁ ଖ୍ରୀଷ୍ଟାବ୍ଦ ୩୩୦ ପର୍ଯ୍ୟନ୍ତ ଏହି ୩୬୦ ବର୍ଷର ଅବଧି, ତାହାର ମୂଳ ଦୁର୍ଗକୁ କେନ୍ଦ୍ର କରିଥିବା ରୋମର ସର୍ବୋଚ୍ଚ ପ୍ରଭୁତ୍ୱ ସହ ସମନ୍ୱିତ ହୁଏ, ଯାହା ପର୍ଯ୍ୟନ୍ତ କନ୍ଷ୍ଟାଣ୍ଟିନଙ୍କ ସ୍ଥାନାନ୍ତରଣ ସେହି ଦୁର୍ଗକୁ “ନିଚେ ପକାଇଦେଲା,” ଯେପରି ଦାନିଏଲ ୮:୧୧ ରେ ପୂର୍ବବାଣୀ କରାଯାଇଛି।

> Eeyyee, inni hanga abbaa waraanaa sanaattis of guddisse; isaatiinis aarsaan guyyuu dhihaatu keessaa fuudhame, iddoon qulqullummaa isaatiis gad buufame. Daani’el 8:11.

Yeroo Qonstantiinos magaalaa Roomaa dhiisee magaalaa Qonstantiinoopoliif gadi lakkise, inni magaalaa Roomaa keessatti iddoo aangoo duwwaa ta’e dhiisee, kunis waldaa paappaasii teessoo aboo magaalaa Roomaan bakka buufamu fudhachuuf banaa ture. Gochoonni kun Mul’ata Yohannis boqonnaa kudha sadii lakkoofsa lama raawwate.

> Anii bineensi ani argu sun, miillaa isaa akka miillaa ormaa ture, afaan isaas akka afaan leencaa ture; qeeransichis humna isaa, teessoo isaa, aangoo guddaa isaas isaaf kenne. Mul’ata Yohaannis 13:2.

दानियेल ८ मा “पवित्रस्थान” भनेर अनुवाद गरिएका दुई फरक हिब्रू शब्दहरूले दानियेलको पुस्तकमा पवित्रस्थानको कथालाई भिन्न पार्छन्। दानियेलको पुस्तकले ख्रीष्ट र शैतानबीचको युद्धलाई प्रस्तुत गर्दछ, जसलाई ख्रीष्ट र शैतानका पृथ्वीका प्रतिनिधिहरूमा चित्रित गरिएको छ। दानियेलको प्रारम्भमा शैतानको पृथ्वीको प्रतिनिधि बाबेलले यरूशलेमलाई जित्छ, र अध्याय ११ को पद ४५ मा यरूशलेमले बाबेललाई जित्छ। यरूशलेम सहर र बाबेल सहरद्वारा प्रतिनिधित्व गरिएका राज्यहरू “बलका पवित्रस्थानहरू” हुन्। बाबेल र यरूशलेम दुवै सहर बलका पवित्रस्थानहरू हुन्, र दुवैसँग सहरभित्र आफ्ना-आफ्नै मन्दिरहरू छन्। प्यान्थियन मन्दिर रोम सहरमा छ, र यरूशलेमको मन्दिर भविष्यवाणीको आख्यानमा त्यसको समकक्ष हो। बाबेल र रोम सहर यरूशलेमका कूट-नक्कलहरू हुन्।

Daaniʼel boqonnaa 8 keessatti jechoonni Ibrootaa lama jiru: lakkoofsa 11 keessatti “miqdash” jedhu, achitti gaanfi xinnaan (Roomaa waaqeffannaa mootummaa) yeroo Qonstaantiinos bara 330 keessa mootummaa isaa achii geeddarutti “iddoo mootummaa qulqullummaa isaa” (magaalaa Roomaa) ni gatu. Jechi biraan immoo lakkoofsa 13 fi 14 keessatti “qodesh” dha; achitti qulqullummaan Waaqayyoo guyyaa 2300 booddee qulqulleeffamuu ni eeggata. Inni lamaan isaanii hiikaan isaanii qulqullummaa jechuun hiikaman iyyuu, “miqdash” daʼoo Waaqayyoo yookaan daʼoo waaqeffannaa mootummaa bakka buʼuu dandaʼa; “qodesh” garuu Macaafa Qulqulluu keessatti qulqullummaa Waaqayyoo qofa bakka buʼuuf qofa itti fayyadama.

Daani’el 11:31 keessatti “mana qulqullummaa humnaa” (magaalaa Roomaa) xureeffameera; yeroo Barbariyoonni fi Vaandaalonni waraana gara magaalaa Roomaatti fidanitti. “Irreen” jedhu lakkoofsa sana keessatti Kiloovisii wajjin bara 496 jalqabe; itti fufees hanga Roomaan paaphaasummaa guutummaatti ol baatee aangoo ishee keessatti jabaattee bara 538tti, yeroo Oostroogootonni magaalaa keessaa ari’amanitti, ture.

ଆକ୍ଟିଅମ୍‌ରୁ ଆରମ୍ଭ ହୋଇଥିବା ଭବିଷ୍ୟଦ୍ବାଣୀମୂଳକ ରେଖା 330ରେ ସମାପ୍ତ ହୁଏ ନାହିଁ; ଏହା ତାହାଠାରୁ ଆଗକୁ ବିସ୍ତାରିତ ହୁଏ। ପଦ 30ର “କିତ୍ତିମ୍‌ର ଜାହାଜମାନେ” ଗେନ୍ସେରିକଙ୍କ ଅଧୀନସ୍ଥ ଭାଣ୍ଡାଲମାନଙ୍କୁ ଚିହ୍ନିତ କରେ; ସେମାନେ 455ରେ ରୋମକୁ ଲୁଟିଥିଲେ, ଯାହା ପଶ୍ଚିମ ରୋମର ପତନର ସଙ୍କେତ ଦେଇଥିଲା। ପରେ ପାପାଳ ରୋମ ଉଦୟ ହୁଏ, ଯାହା 538ରୁ 1798 ପର୍ଯ୍ୟନ୍ତ ଶାସନ କରିଥିଲା; 1260 ବର୍ଷ ପର୍ଯ୍ୟନ୍ତ, ଯେପର୍ଯ୍ୟନ୍ତ ନାପୋଲିଅନଙ୍କ ଜେନେରାଲ୍ ବେର୍ତିଏ, ପିଉସ୍ VIଙ୍କୁ ବନ୍ଦୀ କରି, “ମାରାତ୍ମକ ଘାଉ” ପ୍ରଦାନ କରିନଥିଲେ। ପୌରାଣିକ ରୋମର 360 ବର୍ଷ—ଖ୍ରୀଷ୍ଟପୂର୍ବ 30ରୁ 330 ପର୍ଯ୍ୟନ୍ତ—ପାପାଳ ରୋମର 1260 ବର୍ଷର ପ୍ରତିବିମ୍ବ; ଉଭୟ ଏପରି ସମୟରେ ଆରମ୍ଭ ହୁଏ, ଯେତେବେଳେ ତୃତୀୟ ବାଧା (ମିଶର, ଓଷ୍ଟ୍ରୋଗୋଥମାନେ) ପତିତ ହୋଇଯାଏ।

“Kaabaan mootummaa ammayyaa” lakkoofsa 40 keessatti mul’ata. Bara 1989 keessatti, mootummaa paaphaasii, Ameerikaa Reegan waliin dhoksaadhaan michoomte, (gaariiwwan waraanaa, dooniiwwanii fi fardeen yaabbataniin fakkeeffamte) USSR, “mootii kibbaa” (waaqayyummaa-hin-jiru jechuun/Komunizimii) mootummaa gad buuste. Lakkoofsi 41 paaphaasii “biyya ulfina qabeettii” mo’achuu isaa ibsa—USA Pirootestaantii gara USA Kaatolikaatti jijjiiruun—lakkoofsotni 42 fi 43 immoo Gamtaa Mootummoota Addunyaa, Gibxiin bakka buufame, tokkummaa sadii keessaa ijaarameef harka kennuu isaa adda baasu; innis Gamtaa Mootummoota Addunyaa (jawwee), Vaatikaanii (bineensa) fi Yunaayitid Isteetis (raajii sobaa) of keessaa qabaachuun addunyaa gara Armaagedonitti qajeelcha. Lakkoofsi 45 humna kanaa xumura isaa, “kan isa gargaaru tokko illee malee,” akka raawwatamu dursee dubbata; madaan isaa lakkoofsa afurtamii tokko keessatti fayye, garuu badiinsi isaa lakkoofsa afurtamii shaniin murtaa’eera.

31 BC- keessatti Actium lakkoofsoota 25 fi 26 irratti xiyyeeffannaa guddaa qaba; kunis mootummaa Roomaa waggaa 360f turu, iddoo qulqullummaa-masaraa isaa irraa jalqabsiisa. Lakkoofsi kudha afur akka akeekkachiisaatti hubatamee, seenaan Roomaa waaqeffannaa waaqota hedduu qabu kan lakkoofsa kudha jaha irraa eegalee hamma jijjiirama gara Roomaa paaphaasummaatti lakkoofsa soddomii tokko keessatti mul’atutti jiru, sarara guutuu Roomaa waaqeffannaa waaqota hedduu qabuudha. Sararri sun kutaa sadiitti qoodama. Lakkoofsi kudha jaha irraa hamma digdamii lamaatti sarara olaantummaa Roomaa irratti Israa’el durii agarsiisa. Lakkoofsi digdamii sadii fi digdamii afur hojii mootummaa ijaaruu sana kan Roomaan humna waraanaa wajjin walqabsiisuudhaan walta’iinsaa fi waliigalteedhaan mo’achuuf itti fayyadame adda baasa. Lakkoofsi digdamii afur irraa eegalee hamma ibsa dhumaa lakkoofsa soddomii tokko keessatti argamutti sarara kutaa lama qabu bakka bu’a; innis yeroo Roomaan of ol qabde, sana booddee kufaatiin itti aanu agarsiisa.

“yeroon ramadame” jechuun waggaa 330 keessatti xumura waggoota 360 ti. Keeyyattoonni digdamii torbaa irraa kaasee hamma hima dhumaa keeyyata soddomii tokko keessatti, yeroo aangoon paappaasummaa, kan akka xureeffannaa balleessituutti bakka buufamee, bara 538 teessoo mootummaa irra kaa’ame adda baafatu, seenaa Roomaa bututaa dha; kunis haala yeroo waggoota dhibba sadii fi jahaatama bulchiinsa olaanaa keessatti ibsamee, achiis waggoota dhibba lamaa fi saddeet kufaatii suuta-suuta adeemuudhaan itti fufa.

Kanaaf “yeroon” keewwata digdamii-afurii lakkoofsa keessatti argamu bara dhaloota Kiristoos dura 31 keessatti, mootummaa kaabaa keessatti mootummaa kibbaa dabalamuudhaan jalqaba; mootummaa kaabaa bahaa fi dhihaatti qoodamuu isaatiin immoo bara 330 keessatti xumurama. Bara 330 irraa hamma 538tti Roomaan waaqeffannaa mootummaa durii qabdu suuta suuta diigamti. Addaan baafamni raajii adda addaa kan tarkaanfii adda addaa kufaatii Roomaa waaqeffannaa durii wajjin walqabatan, barataa raajii Dubbii raajii Waaqayyoo akka hubatu isa dandeessisan bu’uurota raajii ti. Raawwii Daani’el boqonnaa kudha tokko lakkoofsa kudha afur keessatti, Roomaan mul’ata sana ni dhaabdi; wantoota akkas gootu keessaa tokko kufaatii isheetiini. Lakkoofsichi akkana jedha, “saamtonni saba keetii immoo mul’ata sana dhaabuuf of ol in kaasu; garuu ni kufu.”

ቂጢም መርከቦች ሮምን ሲያጠቁ፣ ከዚያም ደቡብን ሲያጠቃ፣ ይህ እንደ ፊተኛውም ሆነ እንደ ኋለኛው አልነበረም፤ ምክንያቱም ከዚህ ጀምሮ የሮማውያን ኃይል ውድቀት እየተገለጸ ነውና። ከራእይ ምዕራፍ ስምንት ውስጥ የተገኙት የሰባቱ መለከቶች ውስጥ የመጀመሪያዎቹ አራት መለከቶች፣ በመጨረሻ በ476 ምዕራባዊቱን ሮም ወደ ፍጻሜ ያመጡትን አራቱን ዋና ኃያላን በተለይ ይገልጻሉ። ራእዩ የሚቋቋመው ከሕዝብህ ዘራፊዎች ራሳቸውን ከፍ ባደረጉና በወደቁ ጊዜ ነው። ትንቢታዊው ራእይ በሮም ውድቀት መዋቅር ላይ ተገልጿል። ምዕራባዊቱ አረማዊት ሮም ከ330 እስከ 538 ወደቀች። ጳጳሳዊት ሮም በ1798 ወደቀች። በአምስተኛውና በስድስተኛው መለከት ታሪክ ውስጥ ምሥራቃዊቱ ሮም በ1453 ለኦቶማን ቱርኮች ወደቀች። እነዚያ ሶስቱ ውድቀቶች በሕዝብህ ዘራፊዎች የሚቋቋመው የራእዩ ክፍል ናቸው።

Aayatichi jechuun, “akkasumas saamtoonni saba kee mul’ata sana dhaabuuf of ol inkaasu; isaanii garuu ni kufu” jedha. Dh.K.D. 31 irraa hanga 330tti Roomaan waaqeffannaa-buqqaatu olaantummaa ishee addunyaa irratti qabdu keessatti “of ol inkaaste.” 330 irraa hanga 538tti Roomaan waaqeffannaa-buqqaatu kufaatii keessa seente; kunis namichi cubbuu mana qulqullummaa Waaqayyoo keessatti taa’ee ofii isaa akka Waaqayyootti labsuuf qophaa’uudhaaf ture. 538 irraa hanga 1798tti aangoon paaphaasummaa “of ol inkaase,” 1798 keessattis ni kufe. Dh.K.D. 31 irraa hanga 330tti Roomaan Dhihaa wiirtuu mootummaa Roomaa ta’uu ishee “of ol inkaaste,” 330 irraa hanga 476ttis ni kufte. Bara 330tti Qonistaantinoos Qonistaantinopleen wiirtuu Roomaa Bahaa ta’uu ishee ol inkaase; 1453 keessattis Roomaan Bahaa ni kufte. Yeroon bakka-bu’umsa adda addaa Roomaa keessaa tokkoon tokkoon isaanii yeroo Roomaan of ol inkaastu ni qabu; sana booddees yeroo kufaatii ishee agarsiisu ni qaba; sababiin isaas, “saamtoonni saba kee mul’ata sana dhaabuuf of ol inkaasu; isaanii garuu ni kufu” jedhameera.

“robbers” jechuun hiikamte jechi Ibrootaa sun, hiika hundee isaa isa duraa—cabsuu keessa darbu yookaan jeequu—wajjin caalaatti waan wal simatuuf, “breakers” jechuun hiikamuun wayya; “robbers” jechuun garuu hattummaa kan agarsiisudha. Jechi kun warra daangaa, seera, yookaan kakuu cabsan kan agarsiisu malee, qabeenya qofa kan hatan miti. Raawmiin raajii Macaafa Qulqulluu keessatti Roomaan isa cabsuudha; ta’us lakkoofsa kudha afur keessatti “robbers” jedhamee hiikameera. Daani’el boqonnaa lama keessatti Roomaan mootummaa sibiilaati; achiis boqonnaa torba keessatti bineensi afraffaanis Roomauma.

> Kana booddee kanaa an mul’ata halkanii keessatti arge; kunoo bineensi afraffaan, sodaachisaa fi akka malee naasisaan, humna guddaa kan qabu ture; innis ilkaan sibiilaa guguddaa qaba ture; ni liqimse, ni caccabse, haftees miilla isaatiin ni dhidhiite; innis bineensota isa dura turan hundumaa irraa adda ture; gaanfa kudhanis qaba ture. Daani’el 7:7.

Bineensi afraffaa—inni Roomii dha—ilkaan “sibiilaa” qaba; mootummaa afraffaa isa boqonnaa lammaffaatti sibiilaan bakka buufame sanuma waan taʼeef. Lakkoofsa torba keessatti bineensi afraffaa Roomii “caccabsa”; yeroo caccabsus “hafe miilla isaatiin irra miide.” Bineensi Roomii mootummaa sibiilaa dha; amaloonni caccabsuu fi hafe irra miidhuu immoo gocha ariʼatamaa geessisuu bakka buʼu. Ariʼatamni Israaʼel durii irratti fide “mallattoo” ture.

> Kana maleen abaarsuu hundinuu sitti dhufu; si ariʼu; si gaʼus, hamma ati badaattutti; sababni isaas, ati sagalee Waaqayyo gooftaa keetii hin dhageenye; ajajawwan isaa fi seerota isaa inni siif ajaje eeguudhaafis hin abboomamne. Isaanis mallattoo fi waan nama dinqisiisu taʼanii sitti, sanyii kee irrattis bara baraan ni taʼu. Sababni isaas, ati baayʼina waan hundumaa keessatti gammachuudhaanii fi ililchuudhaan garaa keetiitiin Waaqayyo gooftaa kee hin tajaajille; kanaafuu diinota kee warra Waaqayyo sitti ergu beelaan, dheebuun, qullaa taʼuudhaan, waan hundumaa dhabuudhaan ni tajaajilta; innis hamma si balleessutti morma kee irratti waanjoo sibiilaa ni kaaʼa. Waaqayyo biyya fagoorraa, handaara lafaatii, akkuma risaa saffisaan barrisu, saba sitti ni fida; saba afaan isaa ati hin hubanne; saba fuula jabaataa, kan jaarsaaf hin kabajne yookaan dargaggootaaf tola hin oolle. Keessa Deebii 28:45–50.

Balaan isaan fincila isaanii irraa kan ka’e Israa’el durii irratti dhufan “mallattoo fi dinqii, akkasumas sanyii kee irratti bara baraan” dha. Balaan sun “saba fuula jabaataa” ta’een isaan irratti fidamuu qaba ture. Bineensi ilkaan sibiilaa qabu inni boqonnaa torbaffaa keessatti “caccabsee cicciraa hafes miidhu” sunis mootummaa afraffaa isa mootummaa Aliksaandor qoodamuu isaa irraa ka’u dha; akkuma Musee keessatti Seera Keessa Deebii keessatti ibsameen, mootummaa sun saba afaan isaa Israa’el durii hin hubanne dha. Mootummaan Roomaa inni Daani’el boqonnaa saddeettaffaa keessatti ibsame saba fuula jabaataa fi saba afaan biraa dubbatu dha.

> Amma inni cabuun isaa keessaa afur kaʼan kana jechuun, mootummaa afur sabicha keessaa ni kaʼu; garuu humna isaa keessatti miti. Bara mootummaa isaanii isa dhumaa keessatti, yeroo warri yakka hojjetan guutummaa isaanii gaʼanitti, mootichi fuula jabaataa fi dubbii iccitii hubatu ni kaʼa. Daaniʼel 8:22, 23.

“Namoonni kee saamtota (cabsoota)” mul’ata ni dhaabu; of ol qabu, garuu ni kufu. Mootummaan afraffaan sibiilaa Roomaa waaqeffannaa tolfamaa ture; yeroo of ol qabatetti mootummaa olaanaa guutummaatti ni bulche; garuu kufaatiin isaa inni dhumaa amala raajii kan mul’ata sana dhaabu ta’e. Isaan cabsoota; sababiin isaas ari’atamaan saba Waaqayyoo miidhuudhaan gad dhiitu.

Nutisagalee itti aanu keessatti qorannaa kana itti fufna.

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