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# Kitaaba Daaniʼel - Lakkoofsa Dhibba Tokkoo fi Saddeetama keessaa

Waliigaltee Raajii Roomaa, Makkaaboota, fi Yeroo Ammaa: Qorannoo Mul’ata Daani’el keessaa

Author

Jeff Pippenger

Published

April 10, 2024

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Uuriyaan Smiiz akkana jedhee barreesse: “Room Israaʼeloota, saba Waaqayyoo, Yihudoota, wajjin waliigaltee dhaan walitti hidhamte, Dh.K.D. 162 keessa.” Seenaa barreessitoonni yeroo ammaa hedduun bara sana Dh.K.D. 161 jechuun ni mallatteessu; akkasumas Smiiz kitaaba isuma keessatti yeroo lama Dh.K.D. 161 ni eerra. Yaadni koo inni jedhu, eerri kun kan Dh.K.D. 162 jedhu dogoggora maxxansaa taʼuu isaati.

> “Lakk. 23 fi 24n nutti foon Yihudootaa fi Roomaanotaa, kan bara dhaloota Kiristoos dura 161tti godhame sana ceenee, gara yeroo Roomaan aangoo waliigalaa addunyaa guutuu irratti argatetti ni geeffamna.” Uriah Smith, Daniel and the Revelation, 273.

Lakkoofsi kudhaanii fi kudha lamaa, injifannoo fi bu’aa booda lola Raafiyaa kan bara dhaloota Kiristoos dura 217tti mootummaa Seleucid, kan Antiokos III Guddichaan hogganamu, fi mootummaa Ptooleemaayik Misraa, kan Mootii Ptooleemee IV Filophaatoriin hogganamu gidduutti adeemsifame adda baasu.

୨୦୦ ଖ୍ରୀଷ୍ଟପୂର୍ବରେ, ସତରହ ବର୍ଷ ପରେ ଘଟିଥିବା ପାନିୟମ୍‌ର ଯୁଦ୍ଧ ପୁନର୍ବାର ସେଲ୍ୟୁସିଡ୍ ରାଜ୍ୟ ଓ ପ୍ଟୋଲେମାଇକ୍ ରାଜ୍ୟ ମଧ୍ୟରେ ହୋଇଥିଲା।

ᱢᱟᱠᱟᱵᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱵᱤᱫᱽᱨᱚᱦ, 167 BC ᱨᱮ ᱮᱦᱚᱵ ᱮᱱᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱣᱥᱤᱫ ᱥᱟᱢᱨᱟᱡᱽᱭᱚᱨ ᱡᱩᱦᱤ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱟᱪᱷᱟᱨ-ᱵᱮᱣᱦᱟᱨᱠᱚ ᱫᱟᱵ ᱨᱟᱠᱟᱵ ᱟᱨ ᱜᱽᱨᱤᱠ ᱥᱟᱹᱥᱠᱨᱤᱛᱤ ᱡᱚᱨ ᱛᱮ ᱪᱟᱹᱞᱩ ᱮᱢᱚᱜ ᱪᱮᱥᱴᱟᱠᱚ ᱵᱤᱨᱩᱫᱽᱫᱷᱨᱮ ᱡᱩᱦᱤᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱵᱤᱫᱽᱨᱚᱦ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ।

ምድረ ቅዱሳን በሚባለው በሐኑካ የሚከበረውን ታሪካዊ ክስተት የሚያመለክተው በኢየሩሳሌም ያለው ሁለተኛው ቤተ መቅደስ ዳግመኛ መቀደሱ ነበር፤ ይህም በክርስቶስ ልደት በፊት 164 ዓመት ላይ፣ ከቁጥር ሀያ ሦስት ውስጥ ከተጠቀሰው “ቃል ኪዳን” ሦስት ዓመት በፊት ተከናውኗል። ይህ ክስተት መቅደሱን ካረከሰ እና የአይሁድ ሃይማኖታዊ ልማዶችን ከለከለ የነበረው በክፉ ዝናው የታወቀው አንጥዮኮስ አራተኛ ኤጲፋኔስ የመራቸውን የሴሉሲድ ንጉሥ ግዛት ኃይሎች ላይ መቃብያኖች ካደረጉት የተሳካ የወታደራዊ ዘመቻ በኋላ ነበር። አንጥዮኮስ አራተኛ ኤጲፋኔስ በሐኑካ የሚዘከረው ድል ከተገኘ ጥቂት ጊዜ በኋላ ሞተ፤ ከዚያም ጀምሮ በታሪክ ውስጥ የሶርያ ኃይል መውረዱን ያመለክታል።

Bara 200 BC, (kanas yeroo lolaa Paaniyuumis turetti), Room, yeroo jalqabaatiif, ofuma isaa seenaan raajii Daani’el boqonnaa kudha tokko keessatti galche. Achi keessatti mallattoon mul’ata sana hundeesu jira. Dhiibbaa isaa kaayyoodhaan seenaa sana keessatti godhu hojii Izebel adda baasa; isheenis fakkeenya waldaa duuba keessaa funyoo harkisuuti. Izebel yeroo abbaa manaa ishee Ahaab raajota ishee Eliyaasitti ajjeefamanii ilaalu, Samaariyaa keessa turte. Herodiyaas ayyaana dhaloota Heroodis irratti hin argamne; achitti intalli ishee Saalomeen Heroodis gowwoomsite. Seenaa Ameerikaa keessatti, pappeessummaan Roomaa, sagaagaltuu Xiiroosiin bakka buufame, hanga xumura waggoota torbaatamaa fakkeenyaa sanaatti ni irraanfatama. Sana booddee immoo mootota lafaa biratti sirboota gowwoomsaa ishee sirbu jalqabdi. Waggi 200 BC yeroo isheen guyyoota dhumaa keessatti ifatti moototaaf sirbu jalqabdu fakkeessa; kunis akkuma lakkoofsa kudha jaha keessatti bakka buufametti, seera Dilbataa dhihoo keessatti dhufu sana dura xiqqoo dha.

Bara 161 Dh.K.D. hanga 158 Dh.K.D.tti Yihudoonni “waliigaltee” isaanii hin hundeessin dura, Makkaabewwonni mana qulqullummaa deebisanii eebbisiisan; kunis Hanukkaadhaan 164 Dh.K.D.tti yaadatama. Achiis waggaa sadii booddee, yeroo ammas warra Siiriyaatii wajjin qabsoo itti fufee jiranii, Yihudoonni Makkaabee deeggarsa argachuuf gara Roomaa dhaqan. “Waliigalteen” yeroo sana Roomaa wajjin hundeeffame sun, barattoota raajii Waaqayyoo warra guyyoota dhumaa biratti qorannoo raajii ta’a.

ⵜⴰⵣⵎⵎⵓⵔⵜ ⵜⵙⵙⵉⵏⵉ 161 ⴷⴰⴷ ⵏ ⵙⴱⵉⵏⵛⵉⵀ ⴷ ⵜⵏⵇⵇⵉⵜ ⴰⵏⴷⴰ ⵉⵍⵍⴰ “ⵍⵉⴳ”, ⵎⴰⵛⴰ ⵉⵎⵣⵡⴰⵔⵓⵜⵏ ⵙⵙⵎⵎⴰⵜⴰⵏ ⵜⴰⵣⵎⵎⵓⵔⵜ ⵏⵏⴰ ⴷ 158 ⴷⴰⴷ ⵏ ⵙⴱⵉⵏⵛⵉⵀ. ⵎⵉⵍⵍⴻⵔ ⵉⵍⵍⴰ ⴷⵉ ⵜⵉⴷⴻⵜ, ⵏⵖⴷ ⵉⵎⵣⵔⴰⵢⵏ ⵏ ⵓⵙⵙⴰⵏ ⵓⵔ ⵉⵍⵍⵉⵏ? ⵎⵉⵍⵍⴻⵔ ⵉⵔⵏⵓ ⵙⴷⵉⵙ ⵉⵎⵉⴹⴰⵏⵏ ⴷ ⵙⴹⵉⵚⵜ ⴷ ⵙⴹⵉⵚ (666) ⵉ ⵓⵙⴳⴰⵙ 158 ⴷⴰⴷ ⵏ ⵙⴱⵉⵏⵛⵉⵀ, ⵉⵡⴹⴰ ⴷ ⵖⵔ ⵓⵙⴳⴰⵙ 508, ⴰⵏⴷⴰ “ⴰⴹⴰⵢ” ⵉⵜⵜⵓⵙⴽⴽⵉⵔ. ⵔⵣⵓ ⴰⴽⴽⵯ ⵎⴰ ⵜⵣⵎⵔⵎ, ⴰⴷ ⵉⵍⵉ ⴷⵉⴼⴼⵉⵔ ⵙ ⵓⵟⵟⵓⵏ, ⵎⴰ ⵓⵔ ⵉⵍⵍⵉ ⴰⴷ ⵉⵍⵉ ⴷⴰⵔⵙ ⵏⵉⵜ, ⴰⴷ ⵜⴰⴼⵎ ⴰⵙⵙⴰⵖ ⴰⵎⵣⵔⴰⵢ ⵉ ⵓⵙⴳⴰⵙ 158 ⴷⴰⴷ ⵏ ⵙⴱⵉⵏⵛⵉⵀ ⴰⵎ ⵜⵉⵍⵉⵍⵉ ⵏ ⵍⵉⴳ ⴳⵔ ⵉⵀⵓⴷⴰⵏ ⴷ ⵉⵔⵓⵎⴰⵏ.

Lakkoobsi kudha ja’a seera Dilbataa dha; garuu sanaan dura, Roomaan mul’ata sana bara dhaloota Kiristoos dura 200 keessatti dhaabuuf seenaa keessa seenti. Ka’iinsi Makkabewootaa bara dhaloota Kiristoos dura 167tti Modiin keessatti jalqabe; dhuma irratti immoo mana qulqullummaa bara dhaloota Kiristoos dura 164tti deebisanii qulqulleessan. Achiis bara dhaloota Kiristoos dura 161 irraa hanga bara dhaloota Kiristoos dura 158tti, Yihudoonni aangoo Roomaa wajjin kakuu keessa seenu. Bara dhaloota Kiristoos dura 161 irraa hanga bara dhaloota Kiristoos dura 158tti yeroo “waliigaltee” sana hundeessuuf barbaachise agarsiisa. Hubannoon kun “waliigaltee” sana akka ragaa barreessitoota seenaa wajjin waliigaluutti addaan baasa; akkasumas gabatee harka Gooftaaatiin qajeelfame, kan jijjiiramuu hin qabne wajjinis walii gala.

Namoonni seenaa akka nu beeksisanitti, adeemsi waliigaltee mootummaa gidduutti saba mootummaa durii akka Yihudaa fi Roomaa jaarraa lammaffaa Dhaloota Kiristoos duraa keessatti mari’achuun itti gaggeeffamu, haala addaa jiru, sirna dipilomaasii, fi madaallii humnaa hirmaachisaa ture irratti hundaa’uun garaagara ture. Akka waliigalaatti, adeemsi kun garee tokkoon waliigaltee yookaan michummaa garee biraa wajjin hundeessuuf fedhii qabaachuu isaa ibsuudhaan ni jalqaba ture. Haala Yihudaa fi Roomaa keessatti, Yihudaan michummaa idileetti hundaa’e Roomaa wajjin dhaabuuf yaada dhiyeessuuf qunnamtii jalqabe.

Chaanaaloonni dippilomaasii yaadni dhiyaate sun akka darbuufii mariin akka jalqabamuuf ni fayyadaman ture. Kun immoo ergamtoota yookaan ambaasaaddaroota gara Roomaa erguudhaan hoggantoota ishee yookaan bakka bu’oota ishee waliin akka wal argu ni gaafata ture. Yeroo mariin jalqabamu, gareen lachuu haalota waliigaltee yaadame sanaa ni mari’atu turan. Kun walga’iiwwan hedduu, ergaa dippilomaasii wal jijjiiruu, akkasumas mariin akka saphaphuuf namoota giddu-galeessaa yookaan araara buusitoota hirmaachisuu illee of keessatti hammachuu ni danda’a ture. Yeroo marii keessatti, gareen tokkoon tokkoon haalota garee biraatiin dhiyaatan ni ilaalu turan; akkasumas yaada mormii yookaan haalota muraasa irratti fooyya’iinsa ni dhiyeessuu yookaan ni barbaadu turan. Adeemsi kun yaada of eeggannoo qabuun irratti xiinxaluu, gorsitoota waliin mari’achuu, akkasumas bu’aa fi miidhaa waliigaltee yaadame sanaa madaaluu of keessatti hammachuu ni danda’a ture.

Yoo haalli waliigaltee irratti walii galan taanaan, barruun seera qabeessa taʼee haala waliigalteettii fi ulaagaalee gama lameenuun irratti walii galame ibsu ni qophaaʼa. Waliigalteen sunis ergasii aangawoota mootummaa mootummaa biyya lamaanii tokkoo tokkoon isaanii irraa raggaasifamuu qaba. Haala mootummaa Roomaa keessatti, kun raggaʼina Senetii yookaan qaamota mootummaa bulchiinsa biroo hirmaachisuu dandaʼa. Akkasumas, Yihudaa keessatti, waliigalteen sun hoggantoota ishee yookaan mana maree bulchiinsaa ishee irraa raggaʼina argachuu maluu dandaʼa. Erga raggaafamee booddee, waliigalteen sun hojii irra ni oola; gareen lameen isaanii immoo ulaagaalee isaa eeguu akka qaban irraa eegama. Kunis bifa hojii waliinii garaagaraa, waliigaltee ittisa waloo, hariiroo daldalaa, yookaan bifa hirmaannaa dipilomaasii biraa kan waliigalteessa keessatti ibsame hirmaachisuu dandaʼa.

Bara Dh.K.D. jaarraa lammaffaatti imala Yihudaa irraa (kan naannoo Galaana Meditiraaniyaanii bahaa keessatti argamtu) gara Roomaatti (kan giddugaleessa Xaaliyaanii keessatti argamtu) godhamu, addumaan daangeffamoota mala geejjibaa durii ilaallachuun, hojii ulfaataa fi yeroo dheeraa fudhatu taʼee ture. Fageenyi Yihudaa fi Roomaa gidduu jiru, karaa addaa filatame irratti hundaaʼuudhaan, tilmaamaan kiilomeetira 1,500 irraa hamma 2,000tti (maayilii 930 irraa hamma 1,240tti) dha. Yeroo duriitti imalli galaanaa imala lafa qaxxaamuraa caalaa yeroo baayʼee saffisaa fi buʼa qabeessa ture; taʼus, imalli galaanaa qilleensa iddoo sana keessatti moʼatuuf abboomama ture. Markabaadhaan buufata galaanaa Yihudaa keessaa tokko irraa gara buufata galaanaa Xaaliyaanii keessaa tokkootti (fakkeenyaaf, Ooshtiyaa, buufata galaanaa Roomaa) imaluun, wantoota akka haala qilleensaa, yaaʼa galaanaa, fi gosa doonii fayyadame irratti hundaaʼuudhaan, torban hedduu fudhachuu dandaʼa ture.

ଜୁଦେୟାରୁ ରୋମ ପର୍ଯ୍ୟନ୍ତ ଭୂମାର୍ଗରେ ଯାତ୍ରା କରିବା ଅଧିକ ଧୀର ଏବଂ ଅଧିକ କଷ୍ଟସାଧ୍ୟ ହୋଇଥାନ୍ତା। ଯାତ୍ରୀମାନଙ୍କୁ ପର୍ବତ, ଉପତ୍ୟକା ଏବଂ ନଦୀ ସହିତ ବିଭିନ୍ନ ପ୍ରକାରର ଭୂପୃଷ୍ଠ ଅତିକ୍ରମ କରି ଯିବାକୁ ପଡ଼ୁଥାନ୍ତା, ଏବଂ ଦୁଷ୍ଟ ଡାକାତମାନେ ଓ ବିରୋଧୀ ଅଞ୍ଚଳମାନଙ୍କ ପରି ବାଧାବିଘ୍ନ ସହିତ ମୁକାବିଲା କରିବାକୁ ହୋଇଥାନ୍ତା। ଅନୁମାନ କରାଯାଏ ଯେ, ପଦଯାତ୍ରାରେ କିମ୍ବା ଘୋଡ଼ା-ଟାଣିତ ରଥରେ ଏହି ଯାତ୍ରା ସମାପ୍ତ କରିବାକୁ କେତେକ ମାସ ଲାଗିପାରୁଥାନ୍ତା। ଯାତ୍ରାର ସମୟ ରାସ୍ତାର ଅବସ୍ଥା, ରହିବା ପାଇଁ ବ୍ୟବସ୍ଥା ଏବଂ ବିଶ୍ରାମସ୍ଥଳର ଉପଲବ୍ଧତା, ତଥା ପଥମଧ୍ୟରେ ବିଶ୍ରାମ ନେଇ ପୁନଃ ଆବଶ୍ୟକ ସାମଗ୍ରୀ ସଂଗ୍ରହ କରିବାର ପ୍ରୟୋଜନ ପରି କାରକମାନଙ୍କ ଦ୍ୱାରା ମଧ୍ୟ ପ୍ରଭାବିତ ହୋଇଥାନ୍ତା।

የመቃብያን አይሁድ ከሮም ጋር ቃል ኪዳን ለመግባት በፈለጉ ጊዜ፣ ወደ ሮም መልእክተኞችን መላክ ያስፈልጋቸው ነበር። እነዚያ መልእክተኞች በሮማውያን ባለሥልጣኖች ከተቀበሉ በኋላ፣ የድርድር ጊዜ ይኖር ነበር። ትክክለኛ መዝገብ ስለማይገኝ በታሪካዊ ግምት መሠረት፣ አንድ ውል በይፋ ከተጸና በኋላ ለማረጋገጥ ወደ ይሁዳ መመለስ ያስፈልገው ነበር፣ ከዚያም ምናልባት የአይሁድን ተቀባይነት ለማረጋገጥ እንደገና ወደ ሮም መመለስ ያስፈልገው ነበር። በዚያ ዘመን የነበረው የህብረት መመሥረት ሂደት በአንድ ዓመት ውስጥ ተፈጽሞ ነበር ብሎ ማመን እጅግ የማይቻል ነው፤ ስለዚህ “ቃል ኪዳኑ” ከ161 ዓ.ዓ.በ. እስከ 158 ዓ.ዓ.በ. ድረስ የሚዘረጋ ሂደትን ይወክላል የሚለው ግንዛቤ፣ ወደ ቁጥር 16 የእሁድ ሕግ የሚመራውን ታሪክ የሚለዩ ሌሎች የትንቢት መስመሮች ጋር ይስማማል።

“Walii-galtee” jechuun seenaa barreessitoonni hundi akka walii galanitti, kan Yihudoota Maqaabiitiin jalqabame, bara dhaloota Kiristoos dura 161 keessa Yihudaa keessatti jalqabe. Kaayyoon isaas, Yihudoonni warra Sooriyaa irraa gargaarsa argachuu barbaadu ture; isaanis erga fincilli isaanii bara dhaloota Kiristoos dura 167 keessatti jalqabee kaasee warra kana wajjin wal lolaa turan. Fincillichi carraaqqii Maataatiyaas, lubicha Yihudii tokkoo, fi ilmaan isaa shanan, addumaan immoo Yihudaa Maqaabee, imaammata Helenoomsuu bulchaa Selewukii Anxiyookos IV Epifaanes fe’e dura dhaabbachuuf godhaniin kaka’e. Imaammatni kunis gochaalee amantii Yihudootaa ukkaamsuuf yaaluu fi aadaa akkasumas amantii Giriikii fudhachuu dirqisiisuu dabalata ture.

Madaan fincilchuu fincila kanaa taatee ganda Modein keessatti taʼe tokko ture; achitti Mattatiyaas seera tumame tokkoof mootummaa Giriikii waaqa tolfamaa tokkoof aarsaa dhiʼeessuuf ajajame fudhachuu dide. “Modein” jechuun jecha Ibrootaa “modi’a” irraa kan madde yoo ta’u, hiikni isaas “labsuu” yookaan “mormuu” jechuu dha. Mormii isaa keessatti Mattatiyaas Yihudii amantii irraa gantuu, kan aarsaa sana dhiʼeessuuf jedhu tokko ni ajjeese; innis ilmaan isaa wajjin gara tulluuwwanitti baqatan; akkasumaanis humnoota Seleucid irratti duula waraana riphee-loltummaa jalqaban. Fincilli Makkabee waggoota hedduudhaaf itti fufe; yeroo kana keessa Makkabeewwan Seleucidotaa fi michoota isaanii irratti lola hedduu keessa seenan. Lakkoofsaan baayʼee xiqqaachaa fi meeshaa waraanaatiin baayʼee hanqatan iyyuu, Makkabeewwan injifannoowwan guguddoo hedduu galmeessan.

Mootummaan Seeluukiidii amantii Giriikii Yihudoota irratti feʼuuf barbaadaa ture, Giriikonni immoo addunyaawwan walitti hidhanii mootummaa tokkummaa addunyaa barbaadan warra guyyoota dhumaa ni bakka buʼu. Amantiin isaanii yaada “woke-ism” jedhamuun ibsama; inni kun yeroo ammaa humnoota addunyaa tokkoomsu kanneen sirna baankii, miidiyaa mootummaa keessaa beekamaa, wiirtuuwwan barnootaa, akkasumas garaagarummaa sabootaa godaansa dirqamaan alagoota seeraan alaa fiduutiin diiguun, Ameerikaa fi addunyaa irratti feʼamaa jira. Yeroo Antiochus Epiphanes amantii Giriikii Yihudoota irratti feʼaa turetti, Yihudoota carraaqqii isaa wajjin hojjechaa turan ni turan. Maccabiinonni garee tokkoo Yihudoota gantuu, kanneen amantii Giriikii mormaa turan, ni bakka buʼu; garuu gareen biraa Yihudoota gantuu kan hojii amantii Giriikii dirqamaan hojiitti hiikuu deeggaru illee ni ture.

Lakkoofsi kudha jaʼa seera Dilbataa dhihaatee dhufuu fi walitti-hidhata sadii kan jawwee, bineensaa fi raajii sobaa ti. Seenaa kana lakkoofsoota kudha sadii irraa hanga kudha shaniin dura buʼa; achitti loltoonni sadii kan lakkoofsa afurtamaa keessatti jiran lakkoofsa kudhanii (1989), lakkoofsoota kudha tokkoo fi kudha lamaa (waraana Yukireen), fi Lola Paaniyuum irraa ni raawwatamu. Lola Paaniyuum lola keessatti bineensi lafa keessaa gaanfa lama qabu falaasama amantii fi siyaasa warra addunyaa-balleessitootaa irratti injifatu bakka buʼa.

Lolichi keessatti pirezidaantiin dhumaa Ameerikaa bu’aa moo’icha Putiniifi kufaatii itti aansuun isaa, kan lakkoofsa kudha tokkoo fi kudha lama keessatti bakka buufame, waliin wal’ansuu qaba. Inni kufaatii Raashiyaa irraa ka’e miidhaa itti fufaa furuuf NATO yookaan Tokkummaa Mootummootaa wajjin michooma ni hundeessa; seenaa michooma sana keessattis Lolicha Paaniyoom keessatti Tokkummaa Mootummootaa ni mudata. Lolli sadaffaan lakkoofsa afurtamaa keessatti ibsame, akkuma lola jalqabaa lakkoofsa afurtamaa ta’a. Akkuma Gamtaan Sooviyetii humna diinagdee fi waraanaa Ameerikaa jalatti kufe, addunyaawwan Tokkummaa Mootummootaa “perestroika” irra deebi’anii hojiirra oolchuu dirqamu; kunis kutaa ijoo tattaaffii Gorbachev Gamtaa Sooviyetii haaromsuuf godhe ture, jechuunis yeroo dhumaatti sirna Sooviyetii hiikamuufi xumura irratti Gamtaan Sooviyetii akka diigamu gumaacheera.

Lolli sadaffaan inni jalqabaa lola jalqabaatiin fakkeeffamee dhihaata; diinagdee fi dhiibbaa waraanaatiin Trump, akkuma Reaganiin bakka buʼameetti, Mootummoota Gamtoomanii gara “perestroika”tti ni dirqisiisa; jechuunis deebisanii ijaaruu yookaan haaromsa. Deebisanii ijaaruuni kun Ameerikaa sirna mootota kudhanii, inni Mootummoota Gamtoomanii taʼe sanaa mataa irra ni kaaʼa. Lola kana keessatti, yeroo sana Phaaphaasonni sirna Trump yeroo sana injifachaa jiru sanaa eegdota taʼuu isaanii himachuun seenaa keessatti of galchitu.

Seenaa wal fakkaataa keessatti, akkuma Abrahaam Liinkoln dhimma sanaaf dirqamee deebii kennuuf dirqame, Trumpis waraana keessaa biyya keessaa isaaf dirqamaan furmaata kennuu qabu ni mudata. Waraanni Biyyaa Keessaa kun gareewwan apostaatota wal morman lama kanneen Ameerikaa Yunaayitidii keessatti argaman gidduutti ta’a. Gareen tokko warra amantii fi falmii yaadaa woke-ism fudhatan, jechuunis globalistoota tarkaanfataa paartilee siyaasaa lamaan keessaa jiranidhaan bakka bu’ama. Gareen inni biraa (MAGA-ism) Pirootestaantota dhugaa ta’uu isaanii dubbatu, haa ta’u malee uffata aangoo sana bara 1844 keessatti dhabaniiru.

Kutaan Pirezidaantichaa jechuun MAGA-izimiin bakka buʼama; kunis Pirootestaantizimii dhugaa fi Heera mootummaa cimsinee tikfanna jedhuun himata dogoggoraa irratti hundaaʼe dha. Woke-izimiin immoo amantii Haadha Lafaa, New Age, akkasumas Heerri mootummaa yaada abbootii hundeessitootaa dulloomaa taʼeen utuu hin taʼin, haalota yeroo ammaa fi sirna hawaasummaa jiru irratti hundaaʼee hojii irra oola jedhu ni himata.

Mattaatiyaas (Trump) yaalii warra Demokraatota addunyaa-bulchaa-fooyya’insa jedhuu keessatti Ameerikaa keessaa, fincila bara 167 Dh.K.D. keessa Modein keessatti jalqabameen bakka buufame sana ni xumura. Ergasii Trump seenaa bara 164 Dh.K.D., yeroo Makkaboonnis mana qulqullummaa irra deebi’anii qulqulleessanii mootummaa Waaqaa tajaajilaaf addaan baasan, akka kabaja Hanukkah keessatti yaadatamutti, irra deebi’ee ni raawwata. Achi booddee yeroo bara 161 Dh.K.D. irraa hamma 158 Dh.K.D.tti bakka buufametti, Trump suuraa paaphaasummaa dhaabuuf dhiibbaa isa dhumaa ni jalqaba; suuraan kun hariiroo seeraan alaa aangoo amantii fi aangoo siyaasaa gidduu jiru adda baasa. Bara 158 Dh.K.D.tti liigiin ni hojiirra oola, akkuma seerri Dilbataa yeroo dhihoo dhufu kan lakkoofsa kudha jaha keessatti ibsame sun hojii irra oolfamu.

Daani’el boqonnaa kudha tokko keessatti jalqabatti akkamitti Roomaan siyaasaatiin aangoo to’atte addaan baasa; achiis Daani’el seenuma sana irra deebi’ee bal’isee, seenuma sana keessatti akkamitti Roomaan saba Waaqayyoo wajjin walitti dhufeenya qabaattu ibsu sararaan agarsiisa. Keessa lakkoofsa kudha jaha irraa hamma kudha sagaliitti gufuuwwan sadii Roomaan waaqeffataa addunyaa to’achuu akka dandeessuuf dura dhaabbatan ni ibsamu. Lakkoofsa kudha jahatti, Sooriyaan Roomaa waaqeffataatiin bara dhaloota Kiristoos dura 65 keessatti mo’atamte; achiis Yihuudaan bara dhaloota Kiristoos dura 63 keessatti Poompeyiin mo’atamte. Lakkoofsi kudha jaha yeroo Roomaan biyya ulfina qabeessa keessa dhaabachuuf turte adda baasa; akkas gochuudhaanis seera Dilbataa lakkoofsa afurtama tokkoo keessatti boqonnaa sanaa keessaa jiru fakkeenyaan agarsiisa.

Seenaa injifannichaa bara 63 Dh.K.D.tti [1863 wajjin wal fakkaatu] keessatti, yeroo waraanni mootummaa keessaa Yerusaalem keessatti geggeeffamaa turetti taʼuun isaa hubachuun barbaachisaa dha. Uriah Smith akkana jedhe: “Pompey duula inni Mithridates, mooticha Phontos, irratti geggeesse irraa yeroo deebiʼetti, dorgomtoonni lama, Hyrcanus fi Aristobulus, gonfoo mootummaa Yihudaa argachuuf wal lolaa turan.”

Maqaawwan “Hyrcanus” fi “Aristobulus” lamaan isaanii iyyuu madda afaan Giriikii irraa kan dhufan yoo ta’an, keessumaa keessatti seenaa Yihudootaa yeroo Hellenisticii fi mootummaa Hasmonean keessatti hiika seena-qabeessa qabu. “Hyrcanus” jedhu jecha Giriikii “Hurkanos” irraa kan madde dha; innis carraan isaa guddaan jecha “hurkan” jedhamu, afaan Faarsi keessatti “yeeyyii” jechuu irraa kan ka’e taʼuu danda’a. Hyrcanus maqaa bulchitoota Hasmonean hedduudhaan baafatame ture. “Aristobulus” jechuun “gorsaa isa hundumaa caalu” yookaan “laaftuu isa hundumaa caalu” jechuu dha. Aristobulus immoo maqaa bulchitoota Hasmonean hedduudhaan baafatame ture. “Hyrcanus” fi “Aristobulus” lamaan isaanii iyyuu maqaa namoota seenaa Yihudootaa keessatti yeroo Hasmonean keessatti iddoo guddaa qaban waliin walqabatan dha. Isaan bulchitoota mootummaa Hasmonean biyya Yihudaa keessatti mootummaa geggeessuu fi babal’ina isaa keessatti gahee guddaa taphatan turan. Sanyiin raajii fi bakka-bu’oonni mootummaa Hasmonean yeroo Kiristoos keessa turan Fariisota turan.

Yommuu Poombey Yerusaalem moʼate, gareewwan siyaasaa lamaanuu maddeen isaanii gara yeroo fincila bara 167 Dh.K.D. keessatti Moodeen bakka buʼe sanatti deebisanii hordofu turan. Yeroo Poombey fincilicha keessatti hirmaatetti, inni Yerusaalemin qabachuuf murteesse; gareen siyaasaa Aristoobulusis isa mormuuf murteesse; gareen immoo Hirqaanos kan taʼe balbaloota Poombeyiif banuuf murteesse. Achi booddee Poombey Yerusaalem irratti weerara isaa jalqabe; jiʼoota sadii booddee Yerusaalem bara baraan mootummaa Roomaa jala aangoo fi abbaa murtii seente.

بِالآية التاسعة عشرة أُخِذَت مصر، وهي العائق الثالث والأخير، على يد روما. ثم في الآية العشرين يُشار إلى ميلاد المسيح إذ يشرع دانيال في بيان كيفية تعامل روما مع شعب الله في ذلك التاريخ. وفي الآيتين الحادية والعشرين والثانية والعشرين يُصلَب المسيح. وفي الآية الثالثة والعشرين يُحدَّد ذلك العهد الذي بدأ من سنة 161 ق.م إلى 158 ق.م، وذلك مباشرةً بعد الآيات التي تصف الصليب حيث أعلن اليهود المرتدون أنهم «ليس لنا ملك إلا قيصر». إن خطَّ اليهود المرتدين، الممثَّل بالمكابيين، الذين قاوموا تغلغل الفلسفة الدينية اليونانية، وبفعل ذلك أقاموا علاقةً آثمة مع روما، يأتي عقب الآية التي تُعيِّن تاريخ الصليب، حيث ظهر ثمر علاقتهم الآثمة ظهورًا كاملاً.

⠠⠮ ⠱⠅⠊⠝⠁⠓ ⠝⠑⠧⠻ ⠗⠑⠞⠥⠗⠝⠫ ⠞⠕ ⠮ ⠞⠑⠍⠏⠇⠑ ⠮⠁⠞ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠑⠗⠑⠉⠞⠫ ⠁⠋⠞⠻ ⠮ ⠎⠑⠧⠑⠝⠞⠽ ⠽⠻⠎ ⠷ ⠉⠁⠏⠞⠊⠧⠊⠞⠽⠲ ⠠⠮ ⠇⠁⠎⠞ ⠏⠗⠕⠏⠓⠑⠞⠊⠉ ⠞⠑⠎⠞⠊⠍⠕⠝⠽⠂ ⠏⠗⠕⠉⠇⠁⠊⠍⠫ ⠃⠽ ⠠⠍⠁⠇⠁⠉⠓⠊⠂ ⠺⠁⠎ ⠛⠊⠧⠢ ⠁⠃⠳⠞ ⠮ ⠍⠊⠙⠙⠇⠑ ⠷ ⠮ ⠋⠊⠋⠞⠓ ⠉⠑⠝⠞⠥⠗⠽ ⠠⠃⠉⠲ ⠠⠮⠗⠑ ⠓⠁⠙ ⠃⠢ ⠝⠕ ⠧⠊⠎⠊⠃⠇⠑ ⠏⠗⠑⠎⠢⠉⠑ ⠷ ⠠⠛⠕⠙⠂ ⠝⠕⠗ ⠁⠝⠽ ⠏⠗⠕⠏⠓⠑⠞⠊⠉ ⠞⠑⠎⠞⠊⠍⠕⠝⠽⠂ ⠋ ⠓⠥⠝⠙⠗⠫⠎ ⠷ ⠽⠻⠎ ⠃⠑⠋⠕⠗⠑ ⠮ ⠠⠍⠁⠉⠉⠁⠃⠑⠑⠎ ⠎⠞⠕⠕⠙ ⠥⠏ ⠁⠛⠌⠎⠞ ⠮ ⠛⠇⠕⠃⠁⠇⠊⠌ ⠠⠛⠗⠑⠑⠅ ⠔⠋⠇⠥⠑⠝⠉⠑⠲ ⠠⠁⠞ ⠮ ⠃⠑⠛⠊⠝⠝⠊⠝⠛ ⠷ ⠑⠊⠗ ⠗⠑⠧⠕⠇⠞⠂ ⠮⠽ ⠁⠉⠉⠕⠍⠏⠇⠊⠩⠫ ⠮ ⠧⠻⠽ ⠗⠑⠃⠑⠇⠇⠊⠕⠝ ⠮⠁⠞ ⠃⠕⠞⠓ ⠠⠏⠞⠕⠇⠑⠍⠽ ⠯ ⠠⠅⠊⠝⠛ ⠠⠥⠵⠵⠊⠁⠓ ⠓⠁⠙ ⠁⠞⠞⠑⠍⠏⠞⠫⠂ ⠱ ⠃⠕⠞⠓ ⠅⠊⠝⠛⠎ ⠎⠕⠥⠛⠓⠞ ⠞⠕ ⠋⠥⠇⠋⠊⠇ ⠮ ⠗⠕⠇⠑ ⠷ ⠏⠗⠊⠑⠌⠞ ⠯ ⠍⠁⠅⠑ ⠁⠝ ⠕⠋⠋⠻⠊⠝⠛ ⠔ ⠮ ⠞⠑⠍⠏⠇⠑⠲

Jonaataan Apphuus (Jonaataan Makkaabees jedhamuus ni beekama) ilmaan Mattaatiyaas keessaa tokko ture; innis fincila Makkaabewwan jalqabe, mootummaa Seleucid irratti ka’insa Yihudootaa geggeessuu keessatti gahee guddaa taphate. Obboleessi isaa Yihuudaa Makkaabee lola keessatti erga du’ee booddee, Jonaataan hooggansa humnoota Makkaabewwanii fudhate. Dabalataanis, hooggansa waraanaa fi siyaasaa isaa cinaatti, Jonaataan qooda lubummaa ol-aanaa illee ofitti fudhatee, akka hoogganaa hafuuraa ummata Yihudootaa tajaajile. Gaheen lamaanuu Jonaataan—akka hoogganaa fi akka luba ol-aanaatti—seenaa Yihudootaa keessatti guddina murteessaa ta’e mul’ise; kunis aangoo siyaasaa fi amantii lamaanuu mootummaa Hasmonee keessatti walitti qabee cimse. Hooggansi isaa of-danda’uu Yihudootaa jabeessuuf, akkasumas bulchiinsa Hasmonee biyya Yihudaa keessatti hundeessuuf gargaare.

ଯେ ପାପଟି ରାଫିଆର ଜୟ ପରେ ପ୍ଟୋଲେମି କରିବାକୁ ଚେଷ୍ଟା କରିଥିଲେ, ସେହି ପାପଟି ମକାବୀମାନଙ୍କ ବିଦ୍ରୋହର ସର୍ବାଦିକ ଆରମ୍ଭରେ ହିଁ ସଂପାଦିତ ହୋଇଥିଲା। ଏହା ସେହି ଏକେ ପାପ ଥିଲା, ଯାହାକୁ ରାଜା ଉଜ୍ଜିୟାଙ୍କ ସମୟରେ ଯାଜକମାନେ ପ୍ରତିରୋଧ କରିଥିଲେ; କିନ୍ତୁ ଈଶ୍ୱରଙ୍କ ମନ୍ଦିରୀୟ ସେବାବଳୀର ପକ୍ଷରେ ମକାବୀମାନଙ୍କ ଘୋଷିତ ପ୍ରତିରକ୍ଷା, ମଣ୍ଡଳୀ ଓ ରାଜ୍ୟର ସଂଯୋଗର ଏକ ଭ୍ରାନ୍ତ ଏବଂ ବିଦ୍ରୋହୀ ପ୍ରକାଶ ଥିଲା, ଏବଂ ସେହିପରି ଏହା ଏବେ ବାଇଡେନଙ୍କ ଗ୍ଲୋବାଲିଷ୍ଟ ‘ୱୋକ୍-ଇଜମ୍’ର ଅଗ୍ରସରତା ବିରୋଧରେ ଟ୍ରମ୍ପଙ୍କ ସମର୍ଥନରେ ଏକତ୍ରିତ ହେଉଥିବା ଧର୍ମତ୍ୟାଗୀ ପ୍ରୋଟେଷ୍ଟାଣ୍ଟବାଦର ବିଦ୍ରୋହକୁ ପ୍ରତିରୂପିତ କରେ।

Macaafni Qulqulluun akka isin firii isaanii irraa isaan beekan barsiisa; yeroo Kiristoos keessa immoo Fariisonni hambaa dhumaa mootummaa Hasmonee kan Mattaatiyaasiin jalqabe turan. Mattaatiyaas, fi fincila inni jalqabe, firii Fariisummaa godhate; akkuma Pirootestaantonni gantoota yaada “Ameerikaa Ammas Guddaa Godhi” jedhu deeggaran godhan. Ameerikaan guddaa turte yeroo Heerri mootummaa waldaa fi mootummaa walii isaanii irraa adda akka turanitti hubatame ture; garuu dinqii sobaa injifannoo ayyaana Hanukkah ittiin yaadatamuun bakka buʼutti, sochiin seera Dilbataa baasuuf jedhu ifatti ni mulʼata.

ଆମେ ପରବର୍ତ୍ତୀ ଲେଖାରେ ଏହି ଅଧ୍ୟୟନକୁ ଜାରି ରଖିବୁ।

> “Hanga amma illee dhugaan ergaa ergamaa sadaffaatiin dhihaachifamaa ture yeroo baayʼee warra akeekkachiistota qofa jedhamanii ilaalaman turan. Raajii isaanii inni obsa dhabuun amantii Ameerikaa keessatti aangoo ni qabata, waldaan mootummaa wajjin tokkummaa uumtee warra ajaja Waaqayyoo eegan ariʼachuuf ni kaati jedhee dubbate, waan hundeedhaan hin qabnee fi gowwummaa taʼe jechuun murtaaʼee ture. Biyya kanaan alatti waan amma taatee jirtu irraa gara waan biraatti gonkumaa hin jijjiiramtu—kan bilisummaa amantii ittiftu taatee ni turtu—jedhamee amanamummaadhaan labsamaa ture. Garuu yeroo gaaffiin Dilbata kabachiisuu dirqisiisuu balʼinaan kakaafamaa jiru keessatti, wanti yeroo dheeraadhaaf shakkamaa fi amanuu dide sun dhihaachaa akka jiru mulʼata; ergaan sadaffaanis buʼaa duraan qabaachuu hin dandeenye ni fida.”

> “Wara hunda keessatti Waaqayyo garboota Isaa cubbuu adunyaa keessa jiruu fi waldaa kiristaanaa keessa jirus ifachuuf ergeera. Garuu uummanni wantoota namaaf laafanii dubbataman fedha, dhugaan qulqulluun, ifa taʼee fi miidhagfamee hin dhiyaanne immoo isaan biratti fudhatama hin qabu. Haaromsa fiddoonni hedduun hojii isaanii jalqabuudhaan, cubbuuwwan waldaa fi saba irratti duuluu keessatti of eeggannoo guddaa fayyadamuuf murteessan. Isaan fakkeenya jireenya Kiristaanaa qulqulluu taʼeen uummata gara barsiisa Macaafa Qulqulluu deebisuu abdatan. Garuu Hafuurri Waaqayyoo akkuma Eliyaas irratti dhufe sana isaan irrattis dhufe; inni cubbuu mootii hamaa tokkoo fi uummata gantuu taʼe tokkoo ifachuuf isa kakaase; isaanis dubbiiwwan ifa taʼan kan Macaafa Qulqulluu— barsiisa isaanii dhiyeessuuf duraan sodaatan sana— lallabuu irraa of qusachuu hin dandeenye. Isaan dhugaa fi balaa lubbuuwwan sodaachisaa ture hinaaffaa guddaadhaan labsuuf dirqaman. Dubbiilee Gooftaan isaaniif kenne isaan dhageessisan, buʼaa isaa hin sodaatin; uummannis akeekkachiisa sana dhagaʼuuf dirqame.”

> “Kanaaf ergaan ergamicha ergamaa sadaffaa ni labsama. Yeroon inni humna guddaadhaan kennamu yeroo gaʼutti, Gooftaan karaa miʼoota gad of qabaniin hojii isaa ni hojjeta; yaada warra tajaajila Isaaaf of qulqulleessan ni qajeelcha. Hojjettoonni sun leenjii manneen barnoota ogbarruutiin caalaa dibata Hafuura Isaatiin ni gaʼoomfamu. Namoonni amantii fi kadhannaa qaban hinaaffaa qulqullaadhaan dirqamanii baʼu; dubbii Waaqayyo isaaniif kennu ni labsu. Cubbuun Baabilon ifatti ni saaxilama. Buʼaan sodaachisaan sirnawwan waldaa aangoo mootummaaatiin dirqamsiisuu irraa dhalatu, seenaan hafuurota waamuu, guddinni aangoo papaasummaa iccitii garuu saffisaadhaan adeemu—kun hundinuu ni saaxilama. Akeekkachiisota ulfaatoo kanaan ummanni ni raafama. Kuma kumaan lakkaaʼaman dubbii akkanaa takkaa hin dhageenye ni dhaggeeffatu. Dinqisiifannaa keessatti dhugaa baʼumsa kana ni dhagaʼu: Baabilon waldaa dha; dogoggoraa fi cubbuu isheetiin kufteetti; dhugaa samii irraa isheetti ergame diduu isheetiifis kufteetti. Ummanni gara barsiisota isaanii duraanii gaaffii ariifataa, Kun wantoota dhugaa dhaa? jedhuun yeroo deeman, tajaajiltoonni durii soba ni dhiʼeessu, waan namatti tolu ni raaju, soda isaanii boqochiisuuf, qalbii isaanii dammaqe tasgabbeessuuf. Garuu namoonni baayʼeen aangoo namaa qofaatiin quufuu didanii, “Akkuma Gooftaan jedhu” jedhu ifa taʼe yeroo gaafatanitti, tajaajilli beekamaan, akkuma Fariisota durii, yeroo aangoon isaanii gaaffii keessa gale aariidhaan guutamanii, ergaa sana kan Seexanaa taʼuu isaa ni balaaleffatu; tuuta cubbuu jaallatanis kakaasanii warra isa labsan arrabsuu fi ariʼachuuf ni kaasuu.”

> “Akka falmiin kun dirree haaraa keessa babal’achaa deemu, sammuun ummataas gara seera Waaqayyoo isa gad-xiqqeeffameetti waamamu, Seexanni ni socho’a. Humni ergaicha wajjin deemus warra isa morman ni maraachisa qofa. Qeesonni ifni sun akka bushaayee isaanii irratti hin ibsineef isa dhoksuuf tattaaffii jechuun namaa ol ta’e dhiheessu. Karaa humna isaanii keessa jiruun hundumaan, marii gaaffilee murteessoo kanaa ukkaamsuuf ni yaalu. Waldaan amantii humna cimaa mootummaa siiviilaa ni waammatti; hojii kana keessattis, Phaaphaasonnii fi Pirootestaantonni ni tokkummaan hojjetu. Sochiin Dilbata kabachiisuuf godhamu hamma jabaa fi murtaa’aa ta’een, seerri warra abboommii eeganiin irratti hojii irra ni oola. Adabbii maallaqaa fi hidhaadhaan ni doorsifamu; kaan immoo amantii isaanii irraa akka deebi’aniif kaka’umsa ta’een, iddoo aangoo, badhaasa biraa fi faayidaa adda addaa ni dhihaateef. Garuu deebiin isaanii inni jabaataan akkana ta’a: ‘Dogoggora keenya dubbii Waaqayyoo irraa nu agarsiisaa’—gaaffii yeroo haala wal fakkaataa keessatti Luuteriin dhiheesse sanauma. Warri mana murtiitti himatamanii dhihaatanis dhugaa jabeessanii ni falmu; namoonni isaan dhaga’an keessaa kaanis abboommii Waaqayyoo hundumaa eeguu irratti dhaabbachuuf ni geeddaramu. Akka kanaan ifni namoota kumaatamaan lakkaa’aman duratti ni fidama; isaanis yoo ta’e malee dhugaa kana irraa homaa hin beekan turan.” The Great Controversy, 605, 606.

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