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# Historia Fihlakele ya Vhesi ya Makume Mune — Nombo Tu

امریکہ متحدہ، پیٹریاٹ ایکٹ، اور نبوی تکمیل کی راہ

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Jeff Pippenger

Published

September 19, 2024

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Ta makala ra mwisho tuliimalizia kwa sentensi iliyosema, “Mwaka 2001 serikali ya Marekani ilitangaza Sheria ya Patriot kuwa sheria.”

> “Kune vazhinji, kunyange pakati peavo vari kubatikana mubato iri rekumanikidza kuchengetwa kweSvondo, vakapofumadzwa pamusoro pemigumisiro ichatevera chiito ichi. Havaoni kuti vari kurova zvakananga rusununguko rwechitendero. Kune vazhinji vasina kumbobvira vanzwisisa zvinorehwa neSabata reBhaibheri nenheyo yenhema yakavakirwa pairi tsika yeSvondo. Kufamba kupi nokupi kunotsigira mitemo yechitendero, muchokwadi, chiito chokubvumirana neupapa, uhwo kwemazera mazhinji hwakaramba huchirwisa zvakasimba rusununguko rwehana. Kuchengetwa kweSvondo kunobva kuvapo kwako sechinhu chinonzi chechiKristu ku‘chakavanzika chokusateerera mutemo;’ uye kumanikidzirwa kwako kuchava kubvuma pachena misimboti iri iro dombo repakona reRoma. Kana rudzi rwedu rwava kuramba nenzira iyi misimboti yehurumende yarwo zvokuti rwogadza mutemo weSvondo, chiPurotesitendi muchiito ichi chichabatana neupapa; hazvizovi chimwe chinhu kunze kwokupa upenyu kuhudzvinyiriri hwagara kwenguva refu huchinyatsomirira nomufaro mukana wahwo kuti humukezve huite udzvanyiriri hunoshanda.” Testimonies, volume 5, 711.

1888 2001-ය පෙරනිමිති කළේය; එදාම බ්ලෙයාර් පනත් කෙටුම්පත ඉදිරිපත් කරනු ලැබුවද, එය සම්මත නොවූ බැවින්, භවිතානුකූල අර්ථයෙන් එයට කථා කිරීමට නොහැකි විය. එය ක්‍රි.ව. 66 හි ලකුණ බවට පත් විය—ආරම්භ කරනු ලැබූ පසුව අභිරහස් ලෙස ඉවත් කරගත් වටලෑමක්. මෘගයාගේ රූපය සම්බන්ධ පරීක්ෂාකාරී කාලපරිච්ඡේද දෙකක් ඇති බවත්, දෙවන කාලපරිච්ඡේදය එක්සත් ජනපදයේ ඉරිදා නීතිය සමඟ ආරම්භ වන බවත්—එය 321 වර්ෂයෙන් පෙරනිමිති කරනු ලැබූ බවත්—එම කාලපරිච්ඡේදය ලෝක ඉරිදා නීතිය, 538 වර්ෂයෙන් පෙරනිමිති කරනු ලැබූ පරිදි, සම්පූර්ණයෙන් බලාත්මක කෙරෙන විට අවසන් වන බවත් අවබෝධ වූ විට, එවිට භවිතානුකූලව, මෘගයාගේ රූපය සම්බන්ධ පළමු පරීක්ෂාකාරී කාලපරිච්ඡේදයේ ආරම්භය ද ඉරිදා නීතියක් ප්‍රකාශ කරනු ලැබීමේ යම් ආකාරයක පෙරනිමිතිකරණයකින් ආරම්භ විය යුතු බව අනිවාර්ය කරයි. 1888 දී, බ්ලෙයාර් පනත් කෙටුම්පත ජාතික ඉරිදා නීතියක් බලාත්මක කිරීමට කළ උත්සාහයක් වූ අතර, 1888 මගින් එළිදරව් 18 වන පරිච්ඡේදයේ දූතයා පහළ වී තම මහිමයෙන් පෘථිවිය ආලෝකවත් කරන කාලය හඳුන්වයි.

Sheria ya Patriot ni mfano wa kinabii wa sheria ya Jumapili inayoanzisha wakati wa kujaribiwa wa sanamu ya mnyama nchini Marekani. Marekani hunena kama joka kwa kutimiza Ufunuo sura ya kumi na tatu, aya ya kumi na moja, inapotekeleza sheria ya Jumapili. Inapotekeleza sheria hiyo itanena kama joka, na sheria hiyo ya Jumapili hutambulisha kwamba sanamu ya mnyama imeumbika kikamilifu nchini Marekani. Wakati huo Marekani imekijaza kikombe chake cha wakati wa rehema ya majaribio, na uasi wa kitaifa hufuatwa na maangamizi ya kitaifa. Wakati huo Marekani hukoma kuwa ufalme wa sita wa unabii wa Biblia, huku muungano wa namna tatu ukiwa umewekwa imara.

I-Alfa ne-Omega zisoloko zibonakalisa isiphelo kunye nesiqalo, yaye ekuqaleni kwe-United States kwabakho izihlandlo ezithathu apho i-United States yathetha ngokwesiprofeto, ezaphawula ukuqala kwe-United States njengobukumkani besithandathu besiprofeto seBhayibhile. ISibhengezo seNkululeko sango-1776, esalandelwa nguMgaqo-siseko wango-1789, kwaza ke kwalandela iMithetho ye-Alien ne-Sedition yowe-1798, zibonisa izihlandlo ezintathu zokuqala apho i-United States yathetha ngokwesiprofeto. Nganye kwezo ncwadi zintathu yabonakalisa ukuthetha kwe-United States. Ezo nyathelo zintathu zakhokelela ku-1798, isiqalo sokulawula kwe-United States njengobukumkani besithandathu besiprofeto seBhayibhile. Ezo mpawu-zendlela zintathu ezifanayo ekuqaleni kwe-United States zimele iimpawu-zendlela ezintathu ezikhokelela esiphelweni sokulawula kwe-United States njengobukumkani besithandathu besiprofeto seBhayibhile.

මුල් භූමිය ආරක්ෂා කිරීමේ පනත, එක්සත් ජනපදය හයවන රාජ්‍යය ලෙස තම අවසානය වෙත ළඟා වන කාලයේ කථා කරන අවස්ථා තුනෙන් පළමු අවස්ථාවයි. හයවන රාජ්‍යයේ අවසානය හඳුනාදක්වන තුන්වන කථනය ඉරිදා නීතියයි. එම ඉතිහාසයේ මැදභාගයේදී, 2022 දී ආරම්භ වූ ජනවාරි 6 හි පෙලෝසි නඩු විභාග ආරම්භ කරන ලදී. එම නඩු විභාග ව්‍යවස්ථාවේ අන්තර්ගත කර ඇති අයිතිවාසිකම්වල සෘජු ප්‍රතික්ෂේපයක් වූයේය, මක්නිසාද එම නඩු විභාග දේශපාලනික ස්වභාවයක් ගත් බැවින්, එම නීතිමය අවිභාවිතාව සත්‍ය කරුණු ගොඩනැගූ කෘත්‍රිම නිර්මාණයක් පමණක් නොව, ව්‍යවස්ථාව තුළ හඳුනා දක්වා ඇති “ක්‍රියාපටිපාටික” සහ “මූලික” නීතිය මත සෘජු ප්‍රහාරයක්ද වූයේය.

Mutemo wePatriot Act wa2001 wakanga uri kurwisa kwakananga “Due Process Clause,” inowanikwa muFifth Amendment pamwe neFourteenth Amendment dzeBumbiro reMitemo reUnited States. Zvikamu izvi zvinopa kuti hapana munhu angatorerwa upenyu, rusununguko, kana pfuma pasina due process of law. Izvozvo zvakaitika muna 2001, uye muna 2022 kurwiswa kweBumbiro reMitemo kwakanga kwakanangidzirwa pa“procedural due process” pamwe ne“substantive due process.” Shoko rokuti “repudiate” rinoreva kuramba, uye Sister White anoratidza kuti panguva yomutemo weSvondo muUnited States musimboti mumwe nomumwe weBumbiro reMitemo ucharambwa.

> “Ngechisungo chinomanikidza kusimbiswa kweupapa mukutyora murayiro waMwari, rudzi rwedu ruchazvipatsanura zvizere nokururama. Apo chiPurotesitendi chichatambanudza ruoko rwacho chiyambuke gwanza kuti chibate ruoko rwesimba reRoma, apo chichayambuka pamusoro pegomba rakadzika kuti chibatane nemaoko noMweya-mweya, apo, pasi pesimba remubatanidzwa uyu une zvikamu zvitatu, nyika yedu icharamba musimboti wose weBumbiro rayo sehurumende yechiPurotesitendi neyeripabhuriki, uye ichagadzirira nzira yokuparadzirwa kwenhema dzoupapa nokunyengera kwahwo, ipapo tichaziva kuti nguva yasvika yokushanda kunoshamisa kwaSatani uye kuti magumo ava pedyo.”

> “Sezvo kuswedera kwamauto eRoma kwakanga kuri chiratidzo kuvadzidzi chokuti kuparadzwa kweJerusarema kwakanga kwava pedyo, saizvozvowo kutsauka uku kungava chiratidzo kwatiri chokuti muganhu wokushivirira kwaMwari wasvikwa, kuti chiyero chezvakaipa zverudzi rwedu chazara, uye kuti ngirozi yenyasha yava kuda kubhururuka ichienda, isingazodzokizve. Vanhu vaMwari vachazonyudzwa muzviitiko izvozvo zvokutambudzika nokushushikana izvo vaporofita vakatsanangura senguva yokutambudzika kwaJakobho. Kudanidzira kwavatendeki avo vanotambudzwa kunokwira kudenga. Uye sezvo ropa raAbheri rakadanidzira richibva muvhu, kunewo manzwi anodanidzira kuna Mwari achibva kumakuva evakafira kutenda, kubva kumarinda egungwa, kubva mumapako emakomo, kubva mumakamuri omukati emamonasteri: ‘Kusvikira rinhi, imi Ishe, mutsvene nechokwadi, musingatongi nokutsiva ropa redu pamusoro paavo vagere panyika?’”

> “Ishe ari kuita basa Rake. Denga rose riri kufamba-famba. Mutongi wenyika yose ava pedyo kusimuka kuti aratidze kururama kwesimba Rake rakazvidzwa. Chiratidzo cheruponeso chichaiswa pamusoro pavarume vanochengeta mirairo yaMwari, vanokudza murayiro Wake, uye vanoramba chiratidzo chechikara kana chemufananidzo waro.

> “Mwari akazivisa zvichazoitika mumazuva okupedzisira, kuti vanhu Vake vagadzirirwe kumira vachipikisana nechamupupuri chokushorwa nehasha. Avo vakayambirwa pamusoro pezviitiko zviri mberi kwavo havafaniri kugara vakadzikama vachimirira dutu riri kuuya, vachizvinyaradza kuti Ishe vachadzivirira vakatendeka Vavo pazuva rokutambudzika. Tinofanira kuva savanhu vakamirira Ishe wavo, kwete mukumirira kusina basa, asi mubasa rinobatika, nokutenda kusingazungunuki. Ino haisi nguva yokubvumira pfungwa dzedu kunyudzwa muzvinhu zviduku zvisina kukosha kukuru. Vanhu vachakarara, Satani ari kushanda nesimba kuronga zvinhu kuti vanhu vaIshe varege kuwaniswa tsitsi kana kururamisirwa. Kufamba kwesangano reSvondo zvino kuri kufambira mberi murima. Vatungamiri vari kuvanzira vanhu nyaya chaiyo, uye vazhinji vanobatana nesangano iri havasi ivo pachavo kuona kwarinotungamirirwa nerukova rwakavanda. Zvarinoreva zvinotaurwa nenzira yakapfava uye zvinoita sezvechiKristu, asi parichataura richaratidza mweya weshato. Ibasa redu kuita zvose zviri musimba redu kudzivisa njodzi iri kutyisidzirwa. Tinofanira kuedza kubvisa rusaruro nokuzviisa kwedu pachena nenzira yakafanira pamberi pevanhu. Tinofanira kuisa pamberi pavo mubvunzo chaiwo uri kukakavadzanwa, nokudaro tichipa kupikisa kunonyatsoshanda zvikuru kumatanho okudzora rusununguko rwehana. Tinofanira kutsvakisisa Magwaro uye tikwanise kupa chikonzero chokutenda kwedu. Muporofita anoti: ‘Vakaipa vachaita zvakaipa: uye hakuna kana mumwe wavakaipa achanzwisisa; asi vakachenjera vachanzwisisa.’” Testimonies, volume 5, 451, 452.

Hanzvadzi White vanoenzanisa mutemo weSvondo nezviratidzo zvakati kuti zvemazuva okupedzisira, uye mukuita saizvozvo mashoko avo anoratidza “zvichaitika mumazuva okupedzisira, kuti vanhu Vake vagadzirirwe kumira vachipikisa dutu rokushorwa nehasha.” Naizvozvo, zviratidzo zvenzira zvavanoenzanisa mundima iyi zvinofanira kunyatsoongororwa. Ndiri kuratidza kuti panonongedzerwa pano mutsetse wechiporofita unotarisa paBumbiro reMitemo reUnited States, pamwe chete ne“kutaura” kworudzi irworwo sechiratidzo chinodyidzana nezvimwe.

Neizvozvo, ndinoreva kuti, Blair Bill muna 1888, Patriot Act muna 2001, pamwe chete nekutongwa kwezvematongerwo enyika kwakaitwa nemaDemocrats nemaRepublicans epasi rose kutanga muna 2022, chimwe nechimwe chaiva kurambwa kwakananga kwezvinhu zviviri zvinokosha zveBumbiro reMitemo. 1888 inomirira kumanikidzirwa kwekunamata kweSvondo, uyezve muna 2001, kushandurwa kwemutemo weChirungu kuenda kumutemo weRoma. Muna 2022 mutemo “wezvakakosha” pamwe nemutemo “wemaitirwo” wakarwiswa.

Mutemo mukuru unotsanangura kodzero nezvisungo zvevanhu nemasangano, nepo mutemo wemaitirwo uchitsanangura nzira yokugadzirisa nayo makakatanwa nokusimbisa kodzero nezvisungo zvevanhu nemasangano. Mutemo unotsanangura maitiro ari pamutemo kana asiri pamutemo uye unoronga zvirango zvawo. Mutemo mukuru unobata zvikamu zvizhinji zvemutemo, zvinosanganisira mutemo wematsotsi, wemagariro evanhu, nowezvibvumirano.

Mutemo wemhosva muenzaniso wakanakisisa womutemo wezviri mukati. Mutemo wemhosva unotsanangura kuti ndezvipi zviito zvinorangarirwa semhosva uye kuti zvirango zvemhosva idzodzo ndezvipi. Asi mutemo wezvemagariro unotonga kukakavadzana kuri pakati pevanhu pachavo nemasangano, kwakadai sekutyora chibvumirano, kukuvara kwemunhu, kana kukakavadzana pamusoro pefuma.

ဓမ္မဆိုင်ရာအကြောင်းအရာကို သတ်မှတ်ဖော်ပြသော ဥပဒေကို ယေဘုယျအားဖြင့် ဥပဒေပြဋ္ဌာန်းချက်များ၊ စည်းမျဉ်းများနှင့် တရားရုံးဆုံးဖြတ်ချက်အခြေပြု ဥပဒေတို့အဖြစ် ရေးသားထားသည်။ ဥပဒေပြဋ္ဌာန်းချက်များသည် အမျိုးသားလွှတ်တော်များ သို့မဟုတ် ပြည်နယ်ဥပဒေပြုလွှတ်တော်များကဲ့သို့သော ဥပဒေပြုအဖွဲ့အစည်းများက ပြဋ္ဌာန်းသော ဥပဒေများဖြစ်ပြီး၊ စည်းမျဉ်းများသည် အုပ်ချုပ်ရေးအေဂျင်စီများက ဖန်တီးသတ်မှတ်သော စည်းကမ်းများနှင့် လုပ်ထုံးလုပ်နည်းများဖြစ်သည်။ တရားရုံးဆုံးဖြတ်ချက်အခြေပြု ဥပဒေဆိုသည်မှာ တရားသူကြီးများက ဥပဒေပြဋ္ဌာန်းချက်များ၊ စည်းမျဉ်းများနှင့် ဖွဲ့စည်းပုံအခြေခံဥပဒေတို့ကို အနက်ဖွင့်ဆိုခြင်းအားဖြင့် ဖော်ဆောင်ဖန်တီးသော ဥပဒေဖြစ်သည်။

Mutemo yemafambisirwo enyaya inoreva mitemo inotonga mashandiro ehurongwa hwemutemo. Inotsanangura mafambiro anoita nyaya mukati mehurongwa hwemutemo, kubva pakutanga pakunyoreswa kwechichemo kusvikira pakugumiswa kwekupedzisira kwenyaya. Mutemo wemafambisirwo enyaya unobata nzvimbo dzakasiyana dzemutemo, kusanganisira maitirwo enyaya dzezvematongerwo evanhu, dzezvemhosva, uye dzehutongi hwekutonga. Chinangwa chemutemo wemafambisirwo enyaya ndechekuona kuti mafambisirwo ehurongwa hwemutemo ane kururamisira uye anoshanda zvakanaka. Unopa hwaro hwekugadziriswa kwemakakatanwa uye unoona kuti munhu wese anobatanidzwa muhurongwa hwemutemo, kusanganisira vatongi, magweta, nevapomeri kana vamhan’ari, anoziva zvinotarisirwa kwaari.

Mutemo une chekuita nezviri mukati uye mutemo wemafambisirwo enyaya zvakagadzirirwa kushanda pamwe chete kuti zvive nechokwadi chokuti ruramisiro yaitwa. Mutemo une chekuita nezviri mukati unotsanangura kodzero nezvisungo zvevanhu nemasangano, asi mutemo wemafambisirwo enyaya unorondedzera maitiro ekugadzirisa gakava nekusimbisa kodzero nezvisungo izvozvo. Mune mamwe mashoko, mutemo une chekuita nezviri mukati unotsanangura maitiro ari pamutemo kana asiri pamutemo nemigumisiro yemaitiro asiri pamutemo, asi mutemo wemafambisirwo enyaya unorondedzera kuti nyaya dzemutemo idzodzo dzinogadziriswa sei.

Muna 2001, Patriot Act yakabvisa kodzero ye*habeas corpus*. “Habeas corpus” ishoko rechiLatin rinoreva kuti “uchava nomuviri.” Rinoreva nheyo yomutemo inodzivirira vanhu pakusungwa zvisiri pamutemo nokuda kwokuti dare riongorore kuti kusungwa kwomunhu kuri pamutemo here kana kuti kwete. *Habeas corpus* ikodzero inokosha zvikuru mumitemo mizhinji, zvikurukuru iyo yakakonzerwa neEnglish common law. Inovimbisa kuti munhu haagoni kuchengetwa ari muchisungo pasina chikonzero chakarurama, uye inomubvumira kupikisa pamberi pomutongi kuti kusungwa kwake kuri pamutemo here kana kuti kwete.

«Due Process Clause» imapezeka mu Kusintha Kwachisanu ndiponso mu Kusintha Kwachinayi ndi Chinayi kwa Constitution ya United States. Izi zimakhazikitsa kuti palibe munthu amene angalandidwe moyo, ufulu, kapena chuma popanda njira yoyenera ya malamulo. Makhoti apanga nthambi ziwiri za chiphunzitso cha due process: procedural due process ndi substantive due process. Mu 2001, kudzera mu Patriot Act, habeas corpus inachotsedwa monga ufulu, ndipo malamulo a Chingelezi analowedwa m’malo ndi malamulo a Aroma. Malamulo a Chingelezi amatanthauza kuti munthu amawerengedwa kukhala wosalakwa kufikira atatsimikiziridwa kulakwa, ndipo malamulo a Aroma amanena kuti munthu amawerengedwa kukhala wolakwa kufikira atatsimikiziridwa kusalakwa. Mu Pelosi Trials za 2022, procedural due process ndi substantive due process zonse zinaphwanyidwa kwambiri. Malamulo a substantive ndiponso malamulo a procedural adagwiritsidwa ntchito mu Pelosi Trials motsutsana kwathunthu ndi cholinga chawo chenicheni cha m’Constitution.

Musiyano uri pakati pe substantive due process ne procedural due process uri muzvinhu zvakasiyana zvemutemo nekodzero zvinodzivirirwa nepfungwa imwe neimwe mukati mehurongwa hweBumbiro reMitemo reUnited States, zvikurukuru pasi peDue Process Clauses dzeFifth Amendment neFourteenth Amendment.

Kuchengetedzwa kwemaitiro kwakadzama kunobata nekodzero nerusununguko zvakakosha izvo hurumende isingatenderwi kupindira mazviri, zvisinei nemaitiro anoshandiswa. Kunodzivirira dzimwe kodzero kubva mukupindirwa nehurumende kunyange kana maitiro akakodzera akatevedzerwa. Kuchengetedzwa kwemaitiro kwakadzama kunosanganisira kodzero dzinorangarirwa sedzakakosha, dzakadai sekodzero yekuvanzika, kodzero yekuroorana, nekodzero yekurera vana vako. Kodzero idzi dzinodzivirirwa kubva mukupindirwa nehurumende kunze kwekunge paine chikonzero chakasimba chinobva kuhurumende. Kunoshanda sechiyero chinodzora simba rehurumende, kuchiona kuti mitemo nemirau hazvityori rusununguko rwakakosha.

නීතිමය ක්‍රියාපටිපාටිමය යුක්තිය (procedural due process) යනු, රජය යම් පුද්ගලයෙකුගේ ජීවිතය, නිදහස, හෝ දේපළ අහිමි කිරීමට පෙර අනුගමනය කළ යුතු ක්‍රියාපටිපාටි සම්බන්ධ කරුණකි. එය, නිසි නීතිමය ක්‍රියාවලීන් මඟින් පුද්ගලයන්ට සාධාරණ සහ පක්ෂපාතී නොවන ආකාරයේ සැලකීම ලැබෙන බව සහතික කරයි. ක්‍රියාපටිපාටිමය යුක්තිය අනුව, රජය යම් අයෙකුගේ අයිතිවාසිකම් අහිමි කිරීමට පෙර, දැනුම්දීමක් ලබා දීම, සාධාරණ විභාගයක් පැවැත්වීම, සහ තම අදහස් ඉදිරිපත් කිරීමට අවස්ථාවක් ලබා දීම වැනි නියමිත පියවර හෝ ක්‍රියාපටිපාටි අනුගමනය කළ යුතුය. මෙය, නීති ක්‍රියාත්මක කරනු ලබන ආකාරය අවධාරණය කරමින්, රජය යුක්තිසහගත හා සාධාරණ ලෙස ක්‍රියා කරන බව සහතික කරයි.

Uhalifu wa kutumia sheria kama silaha ambao umejitokeza tangu Kesi za Pelosi zilipoanza, unawakilisha kukataliwa kwa utaratibu wa haki wa kimsingi na wa kisheria. Haki za msingi za raia wa Marekani zilinyimwa waziwazi na kwa mafanikio. Operesheni za bendera ya uongo na ufisadi wa wazi wa mashirika ya Marekani yanayojulikana kwa majina ya kifupi ya herufi yamefichuliwa mara kwa mara hata tangu kabla ya Kesi za Pelosi kuanza, lakini taratibu za kisheria ambazo zimetumiwa na wafuasi wa utandawazi wa pande zote mbili tangu Kesi za Pelosi zilipoanza, zinawakilisha kielelezo cha wazi cha uharibifu wa utaratibu wa haki wa kisheria.

Pakutanga muchinyorwa takaverenga tichinzi, “Sangano ripi neripi rinotsigira mitemo yezvechitendero, pachokwadi chiito chokubvuma hupapa, ihwohwo hwakarwa zvakasimba kwazvo norusununguko rwehana kwamakore mazhinji. Kuchengetwa kweSvondo kune kuvapo kwako sesangano rinonzi rechiKristu ku‘chakavanzika chokusateerera mutemo;’ uye kumanikidzirwa kwako kuchava kubvuma chaiko misimboti iri ibwe repakona chairo reRoma. Kana rudzi rwedu rukazonyatsoramba saizvozvo misimboti yehurumende yarwo zvokuti rwogadza mutemo weSvondo, chiPurotesitendi muchiito ichi chichabatana noruoko neupapa; hazvizovi chimwe chinhu kunze kwokupa upenyu kuhudzvanyiriri ihwohwo hwagara kwenguva refu huchitarisira nomwoyo wose mukana wahwo wokumukazve hwapinda muudzvanyiriri hunoshanda.”

Mu mutsara wenhoroondo unogona kumiririrwa neBumbiro reUnited States, mune zviratidzo zvitatu zvakananga zvinomiririra chimwe chinhu cheBumbiro iri pakutanga pamwe chete nepamagumo eUnited States. Chimwe nechimwe chezviratidzo izvozvo zvitatu chiito chezvematongerwo enyika, uye naizvozvo chinofananidzira kutaura kweUnited States. Chechitatu chezviratidzo izvozvo zvitatu pakutanga, chakacherechedza 1798, chaiva mitemo yeAlien and Sedition Acts; uye chechitatu chezviratidzo izvozvo pamagumo ndicho apo United States ichamanikidza mutemo weSvondo, uye ichataura seshato mukuzadzikiswa kwaZvakazarurwa chitsauko 13, ndima 11.

Mbiri ya uneneri ya United States imayamba pamene, monga momwe inayimiriridwa ndi dziko lapansi, linatsegula pakamwa pake ndi kumeza chigumula cha kuzunza kwa chinjoka.

> Nyoka akatapika kutoka katika kinywa chake maji kama gharika kumfuata yule mwanamke, ili amchukue na kumpeleka kwa gharika hiyo. Nayo nchi ikamsaidia yule mwanamke; nchi ikafungua kinywa chake, ikaimeza hiyo gharika ambayo yule joka alikuwa ametapika kutoka katika kinywa chake. Ufunuo 12:15, 16.

Muna 1776, chikara chaifanira kubuda panyika, uye pakupedzisira chova ushe hwechitanhatu hweuprofita hweBhaibheri muna 1798, chakamedza mafashamo okutambudzwa akanga achirwisa vanhu vaMwari nokumisa rudzi rwakanga rune Bumbiro rakapikisa vadzvinyiriri voumambo hweEurope pamwe chete navadzvinyiriri vechechi yapapa.

Chiseko cha Ufulu cha mu 1776 chinkayimira mwa fanizo Patriot Act ya mu 2001. Malamulo Oyendetsera Dziko a mu 1789 ankayimira mwa fanizo Pelosi Trials zomwe zinayamba mu 2022. Malamulo a Alien and Sedition a mu 1798 ankayimira mwa fanizo lamulo la Lamlungu ku United States.

Kuziviswa kwekusununguka kwakaitwa nevanoda nyika veAmerica muna 1776 kwakamiririra kuziviswa kwekurasikirwa nekuzvimirira kubudikidza nePatriot Act ya2001. Bumbiro reMitemo ra1789 rakamiririra Pelosi Trials dzakatanga muna 2022. Mitemo yeAlien and Sedition inomiririra mutemo weSvondo. Nhoroondo yokurambwa kwechisungo chimwe nechimwe cheBumbiro reMitemo inomiririra kupidigurwa kunopfuurira kweBumbiro reMitemo kunoguma pamutemo weSvondo.

Mitsara iyi yose ihurirana mu mateka ahishwe y’umurongo wa mirongo ine wo muri Daniyeli igice cya cumi na kimwe. Muri iyi nyandiko twavuze amagambo ane akurikira avuye mu *Testimonies*, umuzingo wa 5, 451, 452.

Muzvinyorwa zvinotevera tichanyatsotarisa ndima idzodzo.

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