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# Bhuku ra Danieri - Nhamba Imwe-Zana naMakumi Matatu neNhanhatu

Uhamaji wa Kinabii wa Urepublicanism na Uprotestanti: Kutoka Kifo hadi Ufufuo

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Jeff Pippenger

Published

March 14, 2024

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Pane shanduko yenyanga mbiri dzose dzemhuka yepanyika, iyo yeRepublican neyechiPurotesitendi yechokwadi, yakatanga mugore ra2020. Nyanga yechiPurotesitendi yechokwadi yakaurayiwa musi wa18 Chikunguru 2020, uye nyanga yeRepublican yakaurayiwa musi wa3 Mbudzi 2020. Maererano naZvakazarurwa chitsauko 11, mushure memazuva matatu nehafu okufananidzira, dzichamirezve netsoka dzadzo. Padzinomira, nyanga yechiPurotesitendi yechokwadi ichashanduka kubva kuva vaRaodhikia ichienda kuva vaFiraderifia. Vachange vabviswa muchechi, vachiiswa mumusangano. Vabviswa muchiitiko chechechi yechinomwe, vachipinzwa muchiitiko chechechi yechitanhatu. Vava wechisere, anobva pane vanomwe.

Kufamba kwakanga kuripo pakutanga kweAdventism kwaiva kufamba kweFiraderufia, uye kufamba kweFiraderufia kunodzorerwa pakuguma. Basa rengirozi nhatu dzaZvakazarurwa chitsauko chegumi nechina, rakatanga sekufamba, uye richaguma sekufamba. Kufamba kweFiraderufia, kunomiririrwa nekereke yechitanhatu yeFiraderufia, kwakafa muna 1856, uye kutanga pakupera kwaChikunguru muna 2023, zvino kwava kumutsidzirwa seyechisere, inobva kune idzo nomwe.

ម្យ៉ាងវិញទៀត ក្នុងប្រវត្តិសាស្ត្រដូចគ្នានោះ ស្នែងសាធារណរដ្ឋកំពុងជួបប្រទះសេចក្ដីស្លាប់ និងការរស់ឡើងវិញស្របគ្នា ដោយប្រធានាធិបតីទីប្រាំមួយ ចាប់តាំងពី Reagan នៅពេលចុងបញ្ចប់ក្នុងឆ្នាំ 1989 បានក្លាយជាប្រធានាធិបតីទីប្រាំបី ដែលជា «មួយក្នុងចំណោមប្រាំពីរ»។ ដំណើរការផ្លាស់ប្តូរសម្រាប់ស្នែងសាធារណរដ្ឋ ត្រូវបានតំណាងដោយការរួមបញ្ចូលគ្នារបស់វាជាមួយនឹងស្នែងនៃព្រូតេស្តង់ក្បត់ជំនឿ ដែលជាការសហាយស្មន់ខាងវិញ្ញាណ និងជារូបសំណាកនៃសត្វសាហាវ។ ស្នែងសាធារណរដ្ឋបានក្លាយជាទីប្រាំបី ដែលជា «មួយក្នុងចំណោមប្រាំពីរ» ពីព្រោះវាតំណាងឲ្យរូបសំណាកនៃសត្វសាហាវនៃសាសនាកាតូលិក នោះគឺជាក្បាលទីប្រាំបី ដែលជា «មួយក្នុងចំណោមក្បាលទាំងប្រាំពីរ» នៅក្នុង វិវរណៈ ជំពូក 17 និងនៅក្នុង ដានីយ៉ែល ជំពូក 2។

Kuchinja kwezvematongerwo enyika kwenyanga yeRepublicanism kunomiririrwa nenguva yokugadzirira kubva muna 1776 kusvika muna 1798. Nguva iyoyo youporofita ndiyo kiyi inokosha yokuziva kusunungurwa kwechakavanzika chakanga chakasimbwa chomufananidzo waNebhukadhinezari wezvikara. Nguva iyoyo yokugadzirira inomiririrwa nenguva yamakore makumi matatu yokugadzirira kwaKristu pamwe chete newaantikristu.

Nguva yokusindziswa kusukela nga-11 Inyoni 2001 kuze kube ngumtsetfo weLisontfo lotako masinyane, yisikhatsi sesiphrofetho lapho kugcwaliseka khona umphumela wawo wonkhe umbono. Simelela lesikhatsi lesiphela ngekubuyela kwebupapa esihlalweni sebukhosi semhlaba njengembuso wesishiyagalombili, lowaphuma kulaba lasikhombisa, ngehora “lekutamatama lokukhulu kwemhlaba” leSambulo sehluko 11. Ngako-ke lesikhatsi sifanekiswe sikhatsi lesandvulela sikhatsi sekucala lapho bubapa bubekwa esihlalweni sebukhosi nga-538. Nga-538 bubapa bamisa umtsetfo weLisontfo eMkhandlwini wase-Orleans, lokwakhomba kuphela kweminyaka lengemashumi lamatsatfu yekulungiselela, kwaphindze kwafanisa umtsetfo weLisontfo lotako masinyane. Jesu akaguquki nanini, ngako-ke kufanele kube khona sikhatsi lesandvulela umtsetfo weLisontfo lapho kuphiliswa khona silondza lesibulalako, njengobe kwaba njalo ngesikhatsi sekucala bubapa bubekwa esihlalweni sebukhosi.

Iyo nguva inomiririrwa nenhoroondo dzine chokuita nenzvimbo dzechiratidzo dzemakore 508, 533 na538. Mugore ra508 nguva yokugadzirira, kana kuti yokumisikidzwa kweupapa, yakatanga. Umambo hwechina hweRoma yechihedheni, simba redhiragoni, hwakanga hwakundwa, uye muna 533, Justinian akarayira kuti upapa ndihwo “musoro wemachechi, uyewo mururamisi wavanyengeri.” Chose chakanga chasara kuti upapa hutore kutonga muna 538, kwaiva kubviswa kwevaGoths muGuta reRoma, uye izvozvo zvakaitika mugore ra538. Mutsetse iwoyo wenhoroondo wemakore makumi matatu waifambirana nokuzvarwa kwaKristu, kwakateverwa noushumiri hwaJohani, hwakatungamirira kukupihwa simba kwaJesu saMesia parubhabhatidzo rwake.

Nthawi yokonzekera m’mbiri ya Kristu imayenda mofanana ndi nthawi yosindikiza, ndipo ikukamba za mzere wamkati wa nyanga ya Chiprotestanti, pamene nthawi yokonzekera wotsutsakhristu ikukamba za mzere wakunja wa nyanga ya Chipani cha Republican. Nthawi ziwirizi zimapereka mboni ziwiri za September 11, 2001, October 7, 2023, ndi lamulo la Sabata lomwe likubwera posachedwa. Nthawi imodzi ikutsindika umboni wakunja, ndipo inayo umboni wamkati wa nthawi yosindikiza ya anthu zikwi zana limodzi ndi makumi anayi ndi zinayi.

Basa raYohani, sezwi riri murenje rakagadzirira nzira yeMutumwa weSungano, rakafanana nechirevo chaJustinian chakagadzirira nzira yomunhu wechivi, iye ari mutumwa wesungano yerufu. Gumiguru 7, 2023 yakanga iri yambiro yezvichaitika kana mutemo weSvondo wasimbiswa, sezvazvakanga zvakaita muna 538. Gumiguru 7, 2023 inofambirana na533 munguva yokugadzirira pakutanga apo upapa hwakaiswa pachigaro choushe chenyika. Iyambiro yokuti mumutemo weSvondo uri kuuya nokukurumidza, sezvazvakanga zvakaita muna 538, papa achazovazve zvakare musoro wemachechi, uyezve mururamisiri wavanyengeri. Iyowo yambiro yokukwira kwehondo yeIslam yenhamo yechitatu.

Ndi chenjezo lozindikiritsa Chisilamu (mbiri zochokera kum’mawa), ndi chenjezo la kubwezeretsedwanso kwa papa (mbiri zochokera kumpoto). Chenjezolo limagwirizana ndi ntchito ya mthenga wokonza njira m’masiku otsiriza, kwa Mthenga wa Chipangano, amene pamenepo adzalowa m’chipangano ndi zikwi zana limodzi ndi makumi anayi ndi zinayi.

Mavhinga matatu okugadzirira (makore makumi matatu aKristu naantikristu, nenguva yokusimbisa chisimbiso), anomirirwawo nomufananidzo wenguva ya1776 kusvikira muna 1798. Kuguma kwechikara chepanyika kune nguva yakatarwa inotangira kuguma kwacho sechinhu chechitanhatu muumambo hwechiporofita hweBhaibheri; naizvozvo, kutanga kwechikara chepanyika sechinhu chechitanhatu muumambo hwechiporofita hweBhaibheri kunofanira kuva nenguva yechiporofita inotangira kutanga kwoumambo ihwohwo. Arfa naOmega nguva dzose zvinoratidza kuguma kwechinhu pamwe chete nokutanga kwechinhu chacho.

1776, 1789 සහ 1798 යන වර්ෂ 2001 සැප්තැම්බර් 11, 2023 ඔක්තෝබර් 7, සහ ඉක්මනින් පැමිණෙන ඉරිදා නීතිය නියෝජනය කරයි. 1776 සිට 1798 දක්වා හයවැනි රාජධානිය ස්ථාපිත කිරීම සඳහා වූ භවිතවාදී සූදානම සම්පූර්ණ කරන ලදී; ඒමෙන්ම 508, 533, සහ 538 යන වර්ෂ පස්වැනි රාජධානිය ස්ථාපිත කිරීම සඳහා වූ සූදානම නියෝජනය කළේය. හයවැනි රාජධානිය පස්වැනි රාජධානියේ රූපය විය යුතු බැවින්, ඒවාට මෙයම වූ භවිතවාදී ලක්ෂණ තිබිය යුතුය.

Makore makumi matatu ekugadzirira kwaKristu akatungamirira kurubhabhatidzo rwake anomiririra nguva imwecheteyo, nokuti apo Kristu akauya kuzosimbisa sungano kwevhiki rimwe, achitanga parubhabhatidzo rwake, akanga achisimbisa ushe hwake hwenyasha. Pakusimbisa kwake ushe hwenyasha mumakore iwayo manomwe, akadurura ropa rake kuti asimbise ushe ihwohwo, uye mukuita izvozvo, akasiya muenzaniso wenguva yaachazosimbisa ushe hwake hwekubwinya. Ushe ihwohwo hwekubwinya ndihwo ushe hwaDanieri 2, hunomiririrwa sebwe rinotemwa mugomo pasina maoko. Sister White anotizivisa kuti ushe ihwohwo hunosimbiswa panguva yemvura yokupedzisira, uye mvura yokupedzisira yakatanga musi wa11 Gunyana, 2001.

> “Mvura yokupedzisira iri kuuya pamusoro peavo vakachena—panguva iyoyo vose vachaiigamuchira sezvayakamboita kare.

> “ڤت كتيك ملايٴكت يڠ امڤت ايت مۏلڤسكن، كريستوس اكن منڬككن كراجاءن-ڽ. تيدق سسياڤا يڠ منريما هوجن اخير ايت، ملاينكن مريك يڠ سدڠ ملاكوكن سگالا يڠ دڤت مريك لاكوكن. كريستوس اكن منولونڠ كيت. سموا اورڠ دڤت منجادي ڤمنڠ، اوليه انوڬره الله، مللوي دره يسوس. سلوروه سورݢا مناروه ڤرهاتين ترهادڤ ڤكرجاءن ايت. ملايٴكت-ملايٴكت مناروه ڤرهاتين.” Spalding and Magan, 3.

PaSeptember 11, 2001 mhepo ina iri, iyo inomiririrwa sebhiza rakatsamwa (Islam), yakasunungurwa, ikazobva yadzorwa, panguva iyo vane zviuru zana namakumi mana nezvina vakanga vachisimbiswa. 1776, 1789, na1798 zvinomirira nguva yokusimbiswa kwevane zviuru zana namakumi mana nezvina, uye mazuva matatu aya anomirira zvisungo zvapamutemo zvakatungamirira kuti umambo hwechitanhatu hwechiporofita cheBhaibheri husimbiswe. Zuva rechipiri, 1789, rinoratidza Bumbiro reUnited States, uye naizvozvo rakanga riri shoko rakaratidza Bumbiro se simba rakapetwa kaviri raizofanira kusvika muna 1798, sezvakangoitawo 533 sechiziviso chesimba rakapetwa kaviri raizofanira kusvika muna 538, uye sezvakaita Johane Mubhabhatidzi pakuzivisa simba rakapetwa kaviri raizofanira kusvika parubhabhatidzo rwaKristu.

Matla a mabeli a bopago jo bopegang maatla a mabedi a ga Keresete e ne e le sekao sa Gagwe sa gore bomodimo jo bo kopaneng le botho ga bo leofe. Matla a mabedi a a bopang maatla a mabedi a moganetsi wa Keresete e ne e le go tlhomiwa ga gagwe mo setulong sa bogosi jaaka tlhogo ya dikereke, le go tlhomiwa ga gagwe mo setulong sa bogosi jaaka motshiamisi wa bakgelogi. Matla a mabedi a a bopang maatla a mabedi a sebatana sa lefatshe ke dinaka tse pedi tsa Rephabolikianisime le Boporotesetanta.

> “‘Uye yakanga ine nyanga mbiri dzakafanana nedzegwayana.’ Nyanga dzakafanana nedzegwayana dzinoratidza hudiki, kusava nemhosva, nounyoro, zvichimiririra zvakakodzera chimiro cheUnited States payakaratidzwa kumuprofita se‘ichikwira’ muna 1798. Pakati pevatapwa vechiKristu vakatanga kutizira kuAmerica vachitsvaka utiziro kubva mukudzvinyirirwa kwemadzimambo nokusashivirira kwevapristi, maiva navazhinji vakatsunga kumisa hurumende pamusoro penheyo yakafara yerusununguko rwevanhu nerwechitendero. Maonero avo akawana nzvimbo muDeclaration of Independence, iyo inoburitsa pachena chokwadi chikuru chokuti ‘vanhu vose vakasikwa vakaenzana’ uye vakapiwa kodzero dzisingagoni kubviswa dze‘upenyu, rusununguko, uye kutsvaka mufaro.’ Uye Constitution inovimbisa vanhu kodzero yokuzvitonga, ichipa kuti vamiririri vanosarudzwa nevhoti yavanhu ndivo vachaita nokutungamirira mitemo. Rusununguko rwekutenda kwechitendero rwakapiwawo, munhu mumwe nomumwe achibvumidzwa kunamata Mwari maererano nezvinorairwa nehana yake. Republicanism neProtestantism zvakava misimboti inokosha yorudzi urwu. Misimboti iyi ndiyo chakavanzika chesimba raro nokubudirira kwaro. Vakadzvinyirirwa nevakatsikwa-tsikwa munyika yose yechiKristu vakatarira kunyika iyi nechido netariro. Mamiriyoni akatsvaka mhenderekedzo dzayo, uye United States yakasimuka ikava pakati pendudzi dzine simba guru panyika.” The Great Controversy, 441.

1776, 1789 na 1798 zvinomiririra nhoroondo nhatu dzinosimbisa kuti wechisere, unobva kune vanomwe. 1776 inomiririra kuburitswa kweDeclaration of Independence, pamwe nenhoroondo yeFirst neSecond Continental Congresses. 1789 inomiririra kuburitswa kweConstitution pamwe nenhoroondo yeArticles of Confederation. 1798 inomiririra kuburitswa kweAlien and Sedition Acts, pamwe nekutanga kwechikara chenyika sechinhu cheumambo hwechitanhatu hwechiporofita cheBhaibheri.

Kongiresi ya Kwanza ya Bara ilifanyika mwaka 1774, na ilikuwa taasisi ya msingi sana katika historia ya awali ya Marekani, ikitumika kama chombo cha utawala wakati wa Vita vya Mapinduzi vya Marekani. Kongiresi za Bara zimegawanywa katika vipindi viwili vya kinabii vya kongiresi ya kwanza na kongiresi ya mwisho. Kongiresi ya Kwanza ya Bara ilikuwa na marais wawili na ilikutana Philadelphia kuanzia Septemba 5 hadi Oktoba 26, 1774. Peyton Randolph alikuwa rais wa kwanza wa mkutano huo kuanzia Septemba 5 hadi Oktoba 22, kisha Henry Middleton akaongoza kwa siku tano zilizofuata hadi Oktoba 26, 1774.

Kongiresi Yechipiri yeContinental yakaitika kubva muna 1775 kusvika muna 1781. Kongiresi Yechipiri yeContinental yakava nevatungamiri vatanhatu panguva yekuvapo kwayo. Peyton Randolph akatungamira semutungamiri kubva musi wa10 Chivabvu 1775 kusvika musi wa24 Chivabvu 1775. Akanga ari mutungamiri wokutanga weKongiresi Yokutanga yeContinental uyewo weKongiresi Yechipiri yeContinental. Pakanga pane vatungamiri vasere vose mukati menhoroondo yeKongiresi Yokutanga neYechipiri dzeContinental.

Mutungamiri wechipiri weSecond Continental Congress aiva John Hancock, uye Hancock akatungamira kubva musi wa24 Chivabvu 1775 kusvika musi wa31 Gumiguru 1777. Henry Laurens akatungamira kubva musi wa1 Mbudzi 1777 kusvika musi wa9 Zvita 1778. John Jay akatungamira kubva musi wa10 Zvita 1778 kusvika musi wa28 Gunyana 1779. Samuel Huntington akatungamira kubva musi wa28 Gunyana 1779 kusvika musi wa9 Chikunguru 1781. Thomas McKean akatungamira kubva musi wa10 Chikunguru 1781 kusvika musi wa4 Mbudzi 1781.

Peyton Randolph aive mutungamiri wokutanga weFirst Continental Congress pamwe neweSecond Continental Congress. Izvi zvinoratidza kuti mukati menguva mbiri dzeContinental Congresses maiva nevatungamiri vasere, asi mutungamiri akanga ari wokutanga panguva imwe neimwe yenguva mbiri idzodzo aiva munhu mumwe chete. Naizvozvo, kunyange zvazvo paiva nenguva sere dzoutungamiri, pachokwadi pakanga pane vatungamiri vanomwe chete. Mutungamiri wokutanga aiva mumwe wevarume vanomwe vakanga vari vatungamiri, asi sezvo Randolph akatungamirira kaviri munhoroondo iyoyo, anomiririrawo wechisere, aibva pakati pevanomwe.

M’mbiri ya ma Continental Congresses, Nkhondo ya Chisinthiko inali kuyendetsedwa ndi Congress. Pachifukwa ichi, George Washington sanakhale pulezidenti m’nthawi imeneyo, chifukwa anasankhidwa kukhala Woyamba Mtsogoleri Wamkulu wa asilikali.

Sezvo mutungamiri wekutanga wenguva mbiri idzi, Randolph anomirira zvapupu zviviri zvinofananidzira mutungamiri wekutanga chaiye, uyo aiva George Washington. Washington anomiririrwa naRandolph, uye naizvozvo Randolph, sechiratidzo chaWashington, anotakura zvose zviri zviviri hunhu hwechiporofita hwaRandolph mutungamiri wekutanga, uyewo kuti Randolph aiva wechisere, akanga ari wevanomwe. Naizvozvo George Washington, semutungamiri wekutanga uye semukuru wekutanga wemauto, muchiporofita aivawo wechisere, uye akanga ari wevanomwe.

Jesu anofananidzira kuguma kwechinhu nekutanga kwacho, saka mutungamiri wenyika wekupedzisira pamwe neMutungamiri Mukuru wemauto achava wechisere, kureva kuti anobva kune vanomwe. Chokwadi ichi chechiporofita chinosimbiswa munhoroondo yeKongiresi dzeKondinendi dzeKutanga neChechipiri, izvo zvinomiririrwa nezuva rechiratidzo chokutanga cha1776, pamwe nokubudiswa kweDeclaration of Independence.

Chizindikiro cha m’njira cha 1776 chikusonyeza pa chithunzi September 11, 2001, ndi Patriot Act, pamene ufulu wodzilamulira wa America unaikidwa pansi pa ulamuliro wa malamulo a Roma, osakhalanso pansi pa malamulo a Chingerezi. Chimenechi chimalemba chiyambi cha nthawi ya uneneri imene imakonzekeretsa njira kuti upapa ubwererenso kulanda mpando wachifumu wa dziko lapansi pa lamulo la Sande limene likudza posachedwapa.

Sezvazvakangoita nguva yechiporofita inomiririrwa na1776, nguva yechiporofita iyi yakanga ichimirira nhoroondo kubva pakupera kweSecond Continental Congress muna 1781 kusvika muna 1789, iro ndiro zuva rinoratidza waymark yakabatana nekubudiswa kweBumbiro reMitemo. Munhoroondo iyoyo makanga munevatungamiri venyika vaserewo. Nhoroondo ya1781 kusvika 1789 inhoroondo yeArticles of Confederation. Articles of Confederation yaimirira Bumbiro reMitemo rokutanga, asi kusava nesimba kweArticles of Confederation kwakaita kuti itsivirwe, uye kuti Bumbiro reMitemo risimbiswe muna 1789.

Munguva iyoyo, vatungamiriri vasere ava vaisanganisira vatungamiriri vanomwe vakanga vasiri vatungamiriri munhoroondo yeMakongiresi ePasi Pose maviri, uye mumwe akanga ariwo mutungamiriri munguva yokutanga iyoyo youporofita. John Hancock akashanda ari mutungamiriri muSecond Continental Congress, uyewo munguva inomiririrwa neArticles of Confederation. Pachiyero chouporofita, pakanga pane varume vanomwe bedzi vakanga vari vatungamiriri munguva yeMakongiresi ePasi Pose maviri, nokudaro muchiporofita John Hancock akanga ari mumwe wevasere munguva yeArticles of Confederation, asi akanga ariwo mumwe wevarume vanomwe venguva yakapfuura. Naizvozvo akanga ari wechisere, akanga ari wokuvanomwe.

Chipindi cha pili cha kiunabii, kinachowakilishwa na 1789, pia kilikuwa na rais (Hancock) ambaye alikuwa wa nane, lakini wa wale saba, kama alivyokuwa Payton Randolph katika kipindi cha kwanza cha kiunabii kinachowakilishwa na 1776. 1789 inalingana na na kuwakilisha kesi za Pelosi za tarehe 6 Januari, 2021.

> “Ishe anevarindi vakatendeka vakatendeka pamadziro eZioni kuti vadanidzire zvikuru, vasarega; kuti vasimudze inzwi ravo serunyanga, uye varatidze vanhu Vake kudarika kwavo, neimba yaJakobo zvivi zvayo. Ishe vakabvumira muvengi wezvokwadi kuita kuedza kwakasimba kunorwisana neSabata remurayiro wechina. Neizvi anoronga kumutsa kufarira kwakasimba panyaya iyo iri muedzo wemazuva okupedzisira. Izvi zvichazarura nzira yokuti shoko romutumwa wechitatu riziviswe nesimba.”

> “Musanyarare zvino anobvuma chokwadi. Hakuna anofanira kusava nehanya panguva ino; vose ngavasimudzire zvikumbiro zvavo pachigaro chenyasha, vachikumbira vachibatisisa chipikirwa chokuti, ‘Zvose zvamunokumbira muzita rangu, ndichazviita’ (Johane 14:13). Inguva ino ine njodzi. Kana nyika ino inozvirumbidza norusununguko iri kugadzirira kubayira nheyo imwe neimwe inoumba Bumbiro rayo, ichiita zvirevo zvokudzvinyirira rusununguko rwechitendero, uye zvokusimbisa nhema nokunyengera kweupapa, ipapo vanhu vaMwari vanofanira kuuya nezvikumbiro zvavo nokutenda kuna Wekumusoro-soro. Muzvipikirwa zvaMwari mune kukurudzirwa kwakazara kuna avo vanoisa kuvimba kwavo maari. Tarisiro yokuti vangaiswa munjodzi yomunhu oga nokutambudzika, haifaniri kukonzera kuora mwoyo, asi inofanira kukurudzira simba netariro zvavanhu vaMwari; nokuti nguva yengozi yavo ndiyo mwaka wokuti Mwari avape zviratidzo zvakajeka zvikuru zvesimba rake.”

> “Hatifaniri kugara takadzikama tichingomirira kudzvinyirirwa nenhamo, tobva tapeta maoko edu, tisina chatinoita kudzivisa zvakaipa. Ngatikwidzei kuDenga kuchema kwedu kwakabatana. Nyengeterai mushande, uye mushande muchinyengetera. Asi ngakurege kuva nomunhu anoita zvinhu nechimbichimbi chisina uchenjeri. Dzidzai kupfuura zvamakamboita kare kuti munofanira kuva vanyoro navanozvininipisa mumwoyo. Hamufaniri kupomera munhu upi noupi mhosva nenzira yokutuka kana yokuzvidza, kungava vanhu vamwe navamwe kana machechi. Dzidzai kubata pfungwa dzavanhu sezvakaita Kristu. Mashoko anopinza anofanira dzimwe nguva kutaurwa; asi ivai nechokwadi chokuti Mweya Mutsvene waMwari ari kugara mumwoyo yenyu musati mataura chokwadi chakajeka chinopatsanura; ipapo regai icho chokwadi chizvichekere nzira yacho. Hamusi imi munofanira kucheka.” Selected Messages, bhuku 2, 370.

Iyo nzira yechipiri muchiratidzo chenzira munguva yechiporofita yekugadzirira inomiririrwa neBumbiro reMitemo inoratidza kuti Bumbiro reMitemo rinofanira kupidigurwa pachiratidzo chenzira chinotevera. Chiratidzo ichocho chechipiri chakaratidzwa naJohane Mubhabhatidzi, uyewo nechirevo chaJustinian, izvo zvose zvakazivisa uye zvikaisa yambiro zvine chekuita nekusvika kwechiitiko chokupedzisira chinomiririrwa munguva yacho. Kuna Johane, kwaiva kusimbiswa kwaKristu musimba paakasimbisa sungano yake youpenyu neropa rake rinokosha, uye kuna Justinian, kwaiva kusimbiswa kwesimba raantikristu, uyo aifanira kusimbisa sungano yake yorufu neropa revafiri kutenda.

Bumbiro remitemo muna 1789 rakaratidza kupihwa simba kwenyanga mbiri dzechikara chepanyika; uye nokuita kudaro, 1789 rakaratidzawo kuparadzwa kwaive kwava pedyo kwenyanga mbiri dzesimba dzechikara chepanyika, sezvinomiririrwa neAlien and Sedition Acts muna 1798. Apo zvapupu zviviri zvakaurayiwa mumigwagwa mugore ra2020, zvakazivisa uye zvakayambira pamusoro pokurwiswa kunopfuurira paBumbiro remitemo kunomiririrwa nePelosi trials dzaJanuary 6, 2021.

ថ្ងៃទី ៦ ខែមករា ឆ្នាំ ២០២១ គឺជា​ការព្រមាន​អំពី​ការ​ផ្តល់​អំណាច​ដល់​សម្តេចប៉ាប នៅ​ក្នុង​ច្បាប់​ថ្ងៃអាទិត្យ​ដែល​នឹង​មក​ដល់​ក្នុង​ពេល​ឆាប់ៗ ដូច​ដែល​ត្រូវ​បាន​តំណាង​ទុក​ជាមុន​ដោយ​ព្រះរាជក្រឹត្យ​របស់ Justinian នៅ​ឆ្នាំ ៥៣៣។ ថ្ងៃទី ៦ ខែមករា ឆ្នាំ ២០២១ និង​ឆ្នាំ ៥៣៣ ទាំង​ពីរ​សុទ្ធតែ​ផ្តល់​ការ​ព្រមាន​អំពី​ច្បាប់​ថ្ងៃអាទិត្យ​ដែល​នឹង​មក​ដល់​ក្នុង​ពេល​ឆាប់ៗ ដូច​ដែល​ត្រូវ​បាន​តំណាង​ទុក​ជាមុន​ដោយ​ច្បាប់​ថ្ងៃអាទិត្យ​នៅ​ឆ្នាំ ៥៣៨ ក្នុង Council of Orleans ហើយ​ដោយ Alien and Sedition Acts នៅ​ឆ្នាំ ១៧៩៨ ដែល​បាន​តំណាង​ទុក​ជាមុន​អំពី​សត្វ​មហាសាហាវ​ពី​ផែនដី​និយាយ​ដូច​នាគ នៅ​ក្នុង​ច្បាប់​ថ្ងៃអាទិត្យ​ដែល​នឹង​មក​ដល់​ក្នុង​ពេល​ឆាប់ៗ។

Panguva yomurayiro weSvondo ronda rinouraya reupapa richaporeswa, uye musoro wechisere waZvakazarurwa chitsauko chegumi nenomwe, uri wemisoro minomwe, uchamutswa. Mitemo yeAlien and Sedition ya1798 inomiririra chikara chepanyika chichitaura sedhiragoni, apo chisiri kungomanikidza kunamatwa kwezuva chete, asi pashure pacho chinomanikidzawo nyika yose kugamuchira simba rechikara chegungwa cheZvakazarurwa chitsauko chegumi nenhatu, semusoro wechisere uri wemisoro minomwe. Naizvozvo, mune imwe neimwe yenguva nhatu dzinomiririrwa mukati menguva yokugadzirira na1776, 1789, na1798, chirahwe chechiporofita chomusoro wechisere, uri wemisoro minomwe, chinomiririrwa muchiporofita.

Zviratidzo zviviri zvokutanga zvenguva (1776 na 1789), zvinoratidza chakavanzika, zvinotaura pamusoro pechirahwe chiri kuzadzikiswa mukati menhoroondo yechiporofita chechikara chenyika, uye chiratidzo chechitatu chenguva chinoratidza chakavanzika chiri kuzadzikiswa nesimba rehupapa.

ਅਸੀਂ ਇਸ ਅਧਿਐਨ ਨੂੰ ਅਗਲੇ ਲੇਖ ਵਿੱਚ ਜਾਰੀ ਰੱਖਾਂਗੇ।

> “‘Kuwaambia wale wakaao juu ya nchi kwamba wamfanyie mnyama sanamu.’ Hapa kwa uwazi kabisa panawasilishwa aina ya serikali ambayo ndani yake mamlaka ya kutunga sheria yako mikononi mwa watu, ushahidi wenye nguvu sana kwamba Marekani ndiyo taifa linaloonyeshwa katika unabii huo.

> “Asi ‘mufananidzo wechikara’ chii? uye unofanira kuumbwa sei? Mufananidzo uyu unogadzirwa nechikara chine nyanga mbiri, uye mufananidzo wechikara. Unodanwawo kuti mufananidzo wechikara. Saka kuti tizive kuti mufananidzo uyu wakaita sei uye kuti unofanira kuumbwa sei, tinofanira kudzidza hunhu hwechikara chacho pachacho—upapa.

> “Ⲟⲧⲉ ⲧⲉϩⲓⲥⲉ ⲛ̄ⲉⲕⲕⲗⲏⲥⲓⲁ ⲁⲣⲭⲁⲓⲁ ⲣⲱⲕϩ ϩⲓⲧⲉⲛ ⲡϫⲓ ⲛ̄ⲥⲱⲥ ⲉⲃⲟⲗ ϩⲁ ⲧϩⲁⲡⲗⲟⲧⲏⲥ ⲙ̄ⲡⲓⲉⲩⲁⲅⲅⲉⲗⲓⲟⲛ ⲁⲩⲱ ⲡϫⲓ ⲛ̄ϣⲱⲡⲉ ⲛ̄ϩⲉⲛⲣⲓⲧⲟⲥ ⲙⲛ̄ ϩⲉⲛⲥⲩⲛⲏⲑⲉⲓⲁ ⲛ̄ϩⲉⲗⲗⲏⲛⲓⲕⲟⲛ, ⲁⲥϫⲓ ⲙ̄ⲡⲓⲡⲛⲉⲩⲙⲁ ⲙⲛ̄ ⲧϭⲟⲙ ⲛ̄ⲧⲉ Ⲫⲛⲟⲩⲧⲉ; ⲁⲩⲱ, ϩⲓⲛⲁ ⲉⲥⲉϣⲧⲁϩⲟ ⲉϫⲛ̄ ⲛⲓⲥⲩⲛⲉⲓⲇⲏⲥⲓⲥ ⲙ̄ⲡⲓⲗⲁⲟⲥ, ⲁⲥⲕⲱϯ ⲛ̄ⲥⲁ ⲧⲃⲟⲏⲑⲓⲁ ⲛ̄ⲧⲉ ϯϭⲟⲙ ⲛ̄ⲕⲟⲥⲙⲓⲕⲟⲛ. Ⲡⲁⲓ ⲉⲧⲉ ⲡⲁⲡⲁⲕⲏ ⲡⲉ ⲡⲉⲥϫⲱⲛⲧ, ⲟⲩⲉⲕⲕⲗⲏⲥⲓⲁ ⲉⲥϭⲛ̄ⲧϭⲟⲙ ⲛ̄ⲧⲉ ϯⲡⲟⲗⲓⲧⲉⲓⲁ ⲁⲩⲱ ⲉⲥⲣ̄ⲭⲣⲱⲙⲁⲓ ⲙ̄ⲙⲟⲥ ⲉⲧⲣⲉⲥϫⲉⲕ ⲛⲉⲥϩⲏⲟⲩ ⲉⲃⲟⲗ, ϩⲁⲡⲁⲛ ⲙⲁⲗⲓⲥⲧⲁ ⲉⲡϯϩⲁⲡ ⲛ̄“ⲁⲓⲣⲉⲥⲓⲥ.” Ϩⲓⲛⲁ ⲇⲉ ⲉⲧⲣⲉ ⲛⲓϩⲉⲛⲱⲥ ⲛ̄ⲧⲉ ⲁⲙⲉⲣⲓⲕⲏ ⲧⲁⲙⲓⲉ ⲟⲩϩⲓⲕⲱⲛ ⲙ̄ⲡⲓⲑⲏⲣⲓⲟⲛ, ϣϣⲉ ⲉⲧⲣⲉ ϯϭⲟⲙ ⲛ̄ⲑⲣⲏⲥⲕⲉⲩⲧⲓⲕⲟⲛ ϭⲛ̄ⲧϭⲟⲙ ⲛ̄ⲧⲉ ϯⲡⲟⲗⲓⲧⲉⲓⲁ ϩⲱⲥⲧⲉ ⲉⲧⲣⲉ ϯⲉⲝⲟⲩⲥⲓⲁ ⲛ̄ⲧⲉ ϯⲡⲟⲗⲓⲧⲉⲓⲁ ϣⲱⲡⲉ ϩⲱⲥ ⲉⲣⲟⲥ ⲛ̄ϭⲓ ϯⲉⲕⲕⲗⲏⲥⲓⲁ, ⲉⲧⲣⲉⲥϫⲉⲕ ⲛⲉⲥϩⲏⲟⲩ ⲉⲃⲟⲗ.”

> “එක්වරක් හෝ සභාව ලෞකික බලය අත්කරගත් කල, ඇය එය තම ධර්මෝපදේශවලට විරුද්ධ මත පළ කිරීම දඬුවම් කිරීමට භාවිත කර ඇත. ලෝකීය බලවතුන් සමඟ සන්ධාන ගොඩනඟා රෝමයේ පා සළකුණු අනුව ගමන් කළ ප්‍රොටෙස්ටාන්ට් සභාවන් ද, හෘදසාක්ෂියේ නිදහස සීමා කිරීමට සමාන ආශාවක් ප්‍රකාශ කර ඇත. මෙයට උදාහරණයක් වන්නේ ඉංග්‍රීසි සභාව විසින් දීර්ඝ කාලයක් තිස්සේ විරුද්ධමතධාරීන්ට එරෙහිව සිදු කළ පීඩනය ය. දහසයවන සහ දහහත්වන ශතවර්ෂයන්හි, අනුගත නොවූ දේශනාකරුවන් දහස් ගණනක් තමන්ගේ සභාවලින් පලා යාමට බල කෙරුණු අතර, පාලකයන් සහ ජනතාව යන දෙපාර්ශ්වයෙන් බොහෝ දෙනෙක් දඩ, සිරදඬුවම්, යාතනා සහ සාක්ෂිමරණයට ලක් කරනු ලැබූහ.”

> “Kwakuyikuwela ekukholweni okwaholela ukuthi ibandla lokuqala lifune usizo kuhulumeni wombuso, futhi lokhu kwalungisa indlela yokuthuthuka kobupapa—isilo. UPawulu wathi: ‘Kuyakuza’ ‘ukuhlubuka, … bese embulwa lowo muntu wesono.’ 2 Thesalonika 2:3. Ngakho-ke ukuwela ekukholweni ebandleni kuyolungisa indlela yomfanekiso wesilo.

> “Baibulo limanena kuti asanadze Ambuye padzakhala chikhalidwe cha kugwa kwa chipembedzo chofanana ndi chimene chinalipo m’masiku a m’zaka zoyambirira. ‘M’masiku otsiriza nthawi zoopsa zidzafika. Pakuti anthu adzakhala odzikonda okha, okonda chuma, odzitama, odzikuza, otukwana, osamvera makolo, osathokoza, osapembedza, opanda chikondi chachibadwa, osasunga mapangano, oneneza ena monyenga, osadziletsa, ankhanza, odana ndi abwino, achiphamaso, opupuluma, odzitamandira m’maganizo, okonda zokondweretsa koposa okonda Mulungu; okhala ndi maonekedwe a chipembedzo, koma akukana mphamvu yake.’ 2 Timoteo 3:1–5. ‘Tsopano Mzimu akunena momveka kuti m’nthawi zomalizira ena adzapatuka pa chikhulupiriro, namvera mizimu yonyenga, ndi ziphunzitso za ziwanda.’ 1 Timoteo 4:1. Satana adzagwira ntchito ‘ndi mphamvu zonse ndi zizindikiro ndi zodabwitsa zabodza, ndi chinyengo chonse cha chosalungama.’ Ndipo onse amene ‘sanalandire chikondi cha choonadi, kuti apulumuke,’ adzasiyidwa kulandira ‘kusokeretsedwa kwamphamvu, kuti akhulupirire bodza.’ 2 Atesalonika 2:9–11. Pamene chikhalidwe ichi cha kusapembedza chidzafikiridwa, zotsatira zomwezo zidzatsatira monga m’zaka zoyambirira.” The Great Controversy, 443, 444.

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