Article

# Panium - Inani Lesithandathu

Iimpawu Zesiprofeto KuDaniyeli 11: Ukuwa kwe-USSR, uMthetho weCawa, nokuVuka kweRoma yanamhlanje

Author

Jeff Pippenger

Published

March 9, 2025

Formats

PDF
Word
Song MP3

Ngokuwa kowe-USSR ngowe-1989, ivesi yamashumi amane kaDaniyeli ishumi elinanye yazaliseka. Ivesi yamashumi amane ananye ngumthetho weCawa e-United States, njengokuba kunjalo nangevesi yeshumi elinesithandathu. Ukususela ngowe-1989 de kube ngumthetho weCawa e-United States, ivesi yamashumi amane ayinanto. Ukuwa kowe-USSR ngowe-1989 kwachongwa kananjalo kwivesi yeshumi kaDaniyeli ishumi elinanye, eyazaliseka kuqala ngoAntiochus Magnus.

UAntiochus III Magnus, “ukumkani wasentla” ongowaseSeleucid, walawula ukususela ngowama-223–187 BC, waza wazama ukuphinda afumane imimandla eyayilahlekile kumaPtolemy (“ukumkani wasemzantsi”) emva kweMfazwe yesiThathu yaseSiriya (246–241 BC). Iphulo lakhe kwiMfazwe yesiNe yaseSiriya (219–217 BC) lalijolise ekuphindeni kuthathwe iCoele-Syria, iFenike, nePalestina. Ngowama-219 BC uAntiochus waya emzantsi, wathimba iSeleucia-in-Pieria, iTire, nePtolemais (Acre), waza wabuyisa iinqaba ezaziselunxwemeni. Ngowama-218 BC waqhubela phambili ngakumbi, wathabatha iPhiladelphia (Amman), waza wanyanzelisa ukuya kumda waseYiputa, enenjongo yokubuyisa amazwe alahlekileyo amaSeleucid de kuse eGaza. UAntiochus wamisa uhambo lwakhe ngowama-218 BC, eqinisa oko wayekufumene yaye elungiselela ukutyhalela phambili okunqumlayo. UPtolemy IV Philopator, ukumkani wamaPtolemy, waqokelela umkhosi ukuba adibane naye, exhaswe ngamajoni aseYiputa. Ivesi yeshumi kaDaniyeli ishumi elinanye ibeka phambili le ntshukumo kaAntiochus, ngaloo ndlela isalatha kwangaphambili ukuwa kwe-USSR ngowe-1989, yaye iyimfuziselo yevesi yamashumi amane.

> Ke oonyana bakhe baya kuvuseleleka, bahlanganise umkhosi omkhulu wemikhosi emininzi; omnye ke uya kuza ngenene, aphuphume, adlule; abuye ke, avuseleleke, ade afike enqabeni yakhe. Daniyeli 11:10.

Xa ukumkani wasentla kwivesi yamashumi amane “ethululeka agqithe,” oko kuyahambelana nokumkani wasentla kwivesi yeshumi “ethululeka adlule.” Kuzo zombini ezi vesi kusetyenziswa kanye la magama afanayo esiHebhere, aguqulelwe nje ngokwahlukileyo kancinane. Yintetho efanayo naleyo ifumaneka kuIsaya 8:8.

> Yaye uya kudlula kwaYuda; uya kuphuphuma aze agqithe, uya kufikelela kwanase entanyeni; kwaye ukolulwa kwamaphiko akhe kuya kuzalisa ububanzi belizwe lakho, O Imanuweli. Isaya 8:8.

Nganye kwezi ndinyana zintathu ichaza ukumkani wasemzantsi oyiswa ngukumkani wasentla. UAntiochus, ukumkani wasentla, uyamoyisa uPtolemy, ukumkani wasemzantsi, kanye njengoko uSennakeribhe wamoyisa uYuda, ukumkani wasemzantsi, kwananjengoko ukumkani wasentla kwindinyana yamashumi amane wayitshayela i-USSR ngo-1989. Iindinyana ezintathu, kunye nokuzaliseka kwazo okuthathu kwimbali, zichaza “ixesha lesiphelo” ngo-1989. Ngoko ke, indinyana yeshumi ngu-1989, yaye indinyana yeshumi elinesithandathu ngumthetho weCawa ngeCawa eUnited States, njengoko kunjalo nakwindinyana yamashumi amane ananye.

Iivesi zeshumi elinanye ukuya kweleshumi elinesihlanu zingumgca weSibhalo, okwanokuzaliseka kwembali okuchonga iimpawu zendlela ezithile zesiprofeto ngaphakathi kwembali efihlakeleyo yevesi yamashumi amane. Phambi komthetho weCawa eUnited States, kodwa emva ko-1989, idabi laseRaphia neziphumo zalo zicaciswa kwiivesi zeshumi elinanye neshumi elinesibini, kanti idabi lasePanium licaciswa kwiivesi zeshumi elinesithathu ukuya kweleshumi elinesihlanu.

Umthetho weCawa ulixesha elimisiweyo; kuba kulapho inxeba elibulalayo lobupopu liphiliswa khona, aze upopu abuyele etroneni yehlabathi. Oko kunikwe amandla kwafaniswa ngokomfuziselo wesiprofeto kukuhlaliswa kobupopu etroneni ngo-538, nangokuhlaliswa kweRoma yobuhedeni etroneni emfazweni yaseActium. Yakuba iRoma yobuhedeni ihlaliswe etroneni ngokwesiprofeto, yalawula ngobungangamsha obupheleleyo iminyaka engama-360. Yakuba ubupopu buhlaliswe etroneni ngo-538, balawula ngobungangamsha obupheleleyo iminyaka eliwaka elinamakhulu amabini anamashumi amathandathu. Yakuba inxeba elibulalayo liphilisiwe ngexesha lomthetho weCawa, ubupopu buya kulawula ngobungangamsha obupheleleyo iinyanga ezingama-42 zomfuziselo.

> Ndabona enye yeentloko zayo injengokuba inxwatyelwe kwada kwasekufeni; yaza inxeba layo elibulalayo laphiliswa; nehlabathi lonke lamangaliswa, lalandela irhamncwa. Baza banqula inamba, eyalinika amandla irhamncwa; balinqula nalo irhamncwa, besithi, Ngubani onjengerhamncwa? ngubani onako ukulwa nalo? Kwanikwa lona umlomo othetha izinto ezinkulu nezinyeliso; lanikwa negunya lokuqhubeka iinyanga ezingamashumi amane anesibini. ISityhilelo 13:3–5.

Indima 27 ithi “bobabini” aba kumkani:

> Iintliziyo zookumkani bobabini ziya kuba zezokwenza ububi, bathethe ubuxoki etafileni inye; kodwa oko akuyi kuphumelela, kuba isiphelo sisaza kubakho ngexesha elimisiweyo. Daniyeli 11:27.

Ookumkani ababini kwindinyana yamashumi amabini anesixhenxe ngookumkani abakhankanyiweyo kwiindinyana ezimbini ezingaphambili, abathi emva koko balwa imfazwe yase-Actium.

> Yena uya kuvuselela amandla akhe nesibindi sakhe nxamnye nokumkani wasezantsi ngomkhosi omkhulu; ukumkani wasezantsi naye uya kuvuselelwa aye emfazweni ngomkhosi omkhulu kakhulu nonamandla; kodwa akayi kuma: ngokuba baya kuceba amacebo nxamnye naye. Ewe, abo badla kwisabelo sokutya kwakhe baya kumtshabalalisa, nomkhosi wakhe uya kukhukuliseka: yaye baninzi abaya kuwa bebulewe. Daniyeli 11:25, 26.

Ngoko ke ivesi yamashumi amabini anesixhenxe idala into engaqhelekanga ekufuneka iqondwe phambi kokuba siqhubele phambili. Kwi vesi yamashumi amabini anesine “ixesha” limela ixesha leminyaka engama-360 eliqala kwimfazwe yase-Actium lize liphelele ngexesha elimiselweyo ngonyaka ka-330.

Ukumkani wasezantsi emfazweni yayinguCleopatra, owayekumfelandawonye noMarc Antony. UOctavius wayengukumkani wasemantla owayeza kuboyisa bobabini. Ngexesha elimisiweyo (31 BC) aba kumkani babini ababekade behleli etafileni enye baza baxokisana omnye komnye babeza kujamelana emfazweni yaseActium.

Ookumkani ababini etafileni bahambelana nembali yemfazwe yasePanium (iindinyana 13 ukuya ku-15), apho kwakukho umanyano luka-Antiochus Magnus noPhillip waseMakedoni. Olo manyano lwembali luhambelana nomanyano olungumfuziselo olumelwe ligama lasePanium ngexesha likaKristu—iKesareya Filipi. Umanyano lukwamelwe nakwindinyana yamashumi amane xa i-USSR ikhukuliswa isuswe ngo-1989 ngomanyano phakathi kukaReagan noPopu John Paul II. Ookumkani ababini baxelelana ubuxoki omnye komnye phambi ko-31 BC, nto leyo ehambelana nomthetho weCawa eUnited States, yaye ngoko ubuxoki babo benzeka phambi kwendinyana 16, ngexesha lembali elimelwe ziindinyana 13 ukuya ku-15 ezazalisekiswa kwimfazwe yasePanium kwiminyaka elishumi elinesixhenxe emva kwemfazwe yaseRaphia, nakwiminyaka elikhulu elinamashumi amathathu anesixhenxe ngaphambi kokuba uPompey ayoyise iYerusalem ekuzalisekisweni kwendinyana 16.

Kwindinyana yamashumi amabini anesibhozo, uOctavius, umnqobi phezu kukaCleopatra (ukumkani wasemzantsi) nakuMarc Antony, “ubuyela ezweni lakhe enobutyebi obukhulu; yaye intliziyo yakhe iya kuba nxamnye nomnqophiso ongcwele; aze enze izinto ezinkulu, abuyele ezweni lakhe.” U-Uriah Smith uchaza ezi zoyiso zimbini njenge-Actium ngowama-31 BC kunye nokutshatyalaliswa kweYerusalem ngowama-70 AD. Ngoko ke indinyana yamashumi amabini anesibhozo ichaza imbali eqala kwidabi lase-Actium, eliyisiqalo seminyaka engama-360, kunye nokutshatyalaliswa kweYerusalem ngowama-70 AD.

> Wandule ke ezweni lakhe enobutyebi obukhulu; intliziyo yakhe ibe nxamnye nomnqophiso ongcwele; enze izinto ezinkulu, aze abuyele kwelakhe ilizwe. Daniyeli 11:28.

Ibinzana lokugqibela lendinyana yamashumi amabini anesine (“kwade kwangexesha”) ukuya phambili limela umgca wembali owaqalayo ngo-31 BC nowuphetha kwibinzana lokugqibela lendinyana yamashumi amathathu ananye (“bamisela isikizi esenza incithakalo”), elazaliseka ngo-538. Lo mgca uqala ngemfazwe yase-Actium, ephawula ukuqala kokulawula kweRoma yobuhedeni ngobungangamsha obupheleleyo iminyaka engamakhulu amathathu anamashumi amathandathu. Lo mgca uphela ngo-538 xa iRoma yobupopu yaqalisa ukulawula ngobungangamsha obupheleleyo iminyaka eliwaka elinamakhulu amabini anamashumi amathandathu. Phakathi kweendinyana nembali eyazalisekisa ezo ndinyana, ixesha elimisiweyo ngo-330 limela ukwahlukana kwimbali yeRoma yobuhedeni njengobukumkani besine besiprofeto seBhayibhile. Emva kwexesha lokuqala lokulawula ngobungangamsha obupheleleyo iminyaka engamakhulu amathathu anamashumi amathandathu, kulandela iminyaka engamakhulu amabini anesibhozo yokuqhekeka kobukumkani phambi kokuba ubupopu buthathe itrone kwindinyana yamashumi amathathu ananye ngonyaka ka-538. Kulandelelwano lwezo ndinyana zisibhozo, yindinyana yamashumi amabini anesixhenxe kuphela echaza ukuzaliseka kwembali okwenzeka ngaphambi kwemfazwe yase-Actium ngo-31 BC.

Ivesi yamashumi amabini anesixhenxe ichaza intlanganiso phakathi kookumkani ababini phambi kwexesha “elimiselweyo,” yaye ivesi yamashumi amabini anesithoba ichaza “ixesha elimiselweyo.” “Ixesha elimiselweyo” levesi yamashumi amabini anesixhenxe lisiqalo sexesha leminyaka engamakhulu amathathu anamashumi amathandathu, yaye “ixesha elimiselweyo” levesi yamashumi amabini anesithoba sisiphelo sexesha leminyaka engamakhulu amathathu anamashumi amathandathu. Isiqalo nesiphelo zimele “ixesha elimiselweyo.”

Ukunikwa amandla kweRoma yobuhedeni kwaqala xa yoyisa umqobo wesithathu wejografi njengoko umelwe kuDaniel 8:9.

> Kwaye kwenye enye yazo kwaphuma uphondo oluncinane, olwakhula lwaba lukhulu ngokugqithisileyo, lusinga ngasezantsi, nangasempuma, nangaselizweni elihle. Daniyeli 8:9.

Ukunikwa amandla kwaqala kwidabi lase-Actium, kwaza kwalandela ukoyiswa kokumkani wasemzantsi (iYiputa) kwindinyana yesithoba yesahluko sesibhozo.

Ukuphela kolawulo lweRoma yobuqaba njengobukumkani besine besiprofeto seBhayibhile kwafikelela esiphelweni ngowama-538 xa iRoma yobupopu yoyisa umqobo wayo wesithathu wejografi. Lonke ixesha leminyaka engamakhulu amahlanu anamashumi amathandathu anesibhozo, ukusukela kwidabi lase-Actium kuse kowe-538, liqala ngokuba iRoma yobuqaba yoyise umqobo wayo wesithathu ize ibe bubukumkani besine besiprofeto seBhayibhile, yaye liphela xa iRoma yobupopu yoyisa umqobo wayo wesithathu wejografi.

Njengobukumkani besine besiprofeto seBhayibhile, imbali emelweyo ichaza amaxesha amabini: elokuqala xa iRoma iziphakamisa, lilandelwe lixesha elichaza ukuwa kweRoma. Ukuqala kwexesha lokuqala lokuziphakamisa kukwangukuqala kwalo lonke ixesha apho iRoma yobuhedeni yalawula njengobukumkani besine besiprofeto seBhayibhile. Ixesha lokuqala lokuziphakamisa kweRoma liqala lize liphele ngexesha elimisiweyo, yaye liqala nangokudityaniswa kobukumkani basemantla nobasezantsi. Liphela ngokwahlulwa kubukumkani baseMpuma nobaseNtshona. Ukuqala nokuphela ngexesha elimisiweyo, kwanokuqalisa nokuphela, kumela izahlulo ezine zobukumkani buka-Aleksandire.

Amaxesha amabini amiselweyo eevesi amashumi amabini anesixhenxe namashumi amabini anesithoba amela uphawu lokuqala nolokugqibela oluchaza ixesha apho iRoma ilawula ngobungangamsha obupheleleyo. Emthethweni weCawa eUnited States ekuzalisekisweni kwevesi yamashumi amane ananye nevesi yeshumi elinesithandathu kaDaniyeli ishumi elinanye, kuqalisa ixesha leRoma yangoku lokulawula ngobungangamsha obupheleleyo kangangeenyanga ezingamashumi amane anesibini ezingumfuziselo. Ixesha lokuqala elimiselweyo levesi yamashumi amabini anesixhenxe ngulo mthetho weCawa eUnited States, yaye ixesha lesibini elimiselweyo limela xa uhlanga lokugqibela emhlabeni lulandela umzekelo weUnited States lize linyanzelise umthetho wokugqibela weCawa, yaye ngokwenjenjalo lichonga ukunyanzeliswa kweSabatha yomfanekiso oqingqiweyo emhlabeni wonke.

Ezo zibonakaliso zibini zesiprofeto zingumthetho weCawa eUnited States ukuya ekunyanzelisweni komthetho weCawa ehlabathini, yaye loo mithetho mibini yeCawa zizihlandlo ezibini ezimiselweyo kwindima yamashumi amabini anesixhenxe neyamashumi amabini anesithoba. Isihlandlo sokuqala esimiselweyo sendima yamashumi amabini anesixhenxe saphinda safanekiswa ngumthetho weCawa kaConstantine ngo-321, yaye umthetho weCawa wobupopu kwiBhunga laseOrleans ngo-538 umele umthetho weCawa wehlabathi liphela.

Kumxholo weendinyana zeshumi elinesithathu ukuya kweleshumi elinesihlanu, idabi lasePanium liyimbali eyandulela umthetho weCawa wendinyana yeshumi elinesithandathu. Ngaphakathi kwale mbali kuzalisekiswa intlanganiso yookumkani ababini abaxokisana omnye komnye. Iindinyana zeshumi elinesithathu ukuya kweleshumi elinesihlanu ziyinxalenye yembali emelwe ziindinyana zeshumi ukuya kweleshumi elinesithandathu. Ezi ndinyana zichonga imfazwe yesine yaseSiriya kwindinyana yeshumi, idabi laseRafiya kwindinyana yeshumi elinanye, neziphumo zelo dabi kwindinyana yeshumi elinesibini. Iindinyana zeshumi elinesithathu ukuya kweleshumi elinesihlanu zimele imbali yonyaka wama-200 BC xa idabi lasePanium lazalisekayo, nalapho iRoma yobuhedeni, emelwe njengabaphangi babantu bakho, ingena kwingxelo yesiprofeto.

UDaniyeli ishumi elinanye ivesi lamashumi amane lichaza ukuwa kwe-USSR ngowe-1989, yaye ivesi leshumi elinesithandathu lichaza umthetho weCawa eUnited States. Intlanganiso phakathi kookumkani ababini abaxokisana omnye komnye ngaphambi kwexesha elimisiweyo, eyayiyimfazwe yaseActium, yenzeka ngaphakathi kwimbali yevesi lamashumi amane elandela ixesha lesiphelo ngowe-1989, yaye iphela ngomthetho weCawa eUnited States. Ivesi lamashumi amabini anesixhenxe luphawu lwendlela kwimbali efihlakeleyo yevesi lamashumi amane, lisenzeka emva kowe-1989, kodwa ngaphambi komthetho weCawa. “Intlanganiso” yevesi lamashumi amabini anesixhenxe luphawu lwendlela olungaphambi kokuxhotyiswa kweRoma kumthetho weCawa. Kukho iimpawu zendlela ezininzi ezikhokelela ekuxhotyisweni kobupopu ngowama-538, yaye ezi mpawu zendlela nazo zenzeka ngaphambi kwexesha elimisiweyo. Olunye lwezo mpawu zendlela zesiprofeto ngumyalelo kaJustinian ngowama-533, owazalisekisa isalathiso sevesi lamashumi amathathu esithi “waba nokuqonda kunye nabo bayishiyayo umnqophiso.”

Ezinye iimpawu zendlela ezikhokelela kwixesha elimisiweyo kwimbali yeRoma yobuhedeni ngunyaka wama-330, xa iRoma yobuhedeni yawisa phantsi yaza ngaxeshanye yanikela “isihlalo” kumandla obupopu. Ngo-496 uClovis wanikela “amandla” akhe kubupopu. Ekuzalisekeni kukaDaniyeli isahluko sesixhenxe, iRoma yobuhedeni yasusa “iimpondo ezintathu” ngenxa yobupopu, eyokugqibela ibe kukususwa kwamaOstrogoth kwisixeko saseRoma ngo-538. Ngo-508 inkolo yobuhedeni yabekwa bucala njengenkolo esemthethweni yombuso yaza yathatyathelwa indawo bubuKatolika. U-538 umele umthetho weCawa wevesi yamashumi amane ananye, yaye u-496 umele u-1989 xa uReagan, njengoko kwenzekayo ngoClovis, wanikela amandla akhe kupopu waseRoma. Unyaka wama-330 uchaza umthetho weCawa, kuba kulapho ubupopu bubuyela khona esihlalweni segunya.

Oku kuchaza ukuba omabini u-538 no-330 amele ixesha elimisiweyo, eliziivesi zeshumi elinesithandathu nezamashumi amane ananye. U-496 umele u-1989 ezalisekisa ivesi yeshumi nevesi yamashumi amane kuDaniyeli 11 nakuIsaya 8:8. U-508 uchaza ixesha apho inkolo yombuso ibekelwa bucala ngenxa yobuKatolika. Ukuqala ngoClovis ngo-496 kude kube ngu-508, kwabonakaliswa ukususwa ngokuthe ngcembe nokutshintshwa kwenkolo esemthethweni yombuso. Kwimbali eqala ngo-330, ukutshabalala ngokuthe ngcembe kweRoma yaseNtshona kumelwe ngamacilongo amane okuqala, ngaloo ndlela kuchazwa intshabalalo eqhubekayo eqala ngomthetho weCawa eUnited States.

Ukuwa okuqhubela phambili kweRoma yobuhedeni emva komthetho weCawa kaConstantine ngo-321 kubonisa ukuwa kweUnited States njengobukumkani besithandathu besiprofeto seBhayibhile obufikelela kumthetho weCawa. Emva koko izigwebo zamaxilongo amane ziziswa phezu kweUnited States njengoko uDade White ekuchazile xa esithi “ukuwexuka kwesizwe kuya kulandelwa kukonakala kwesizwe.” UHezekile wongeza ubungqina besohlwayo esiphindwe kane.

> Ilizwi leNkosi lafika kum kwakhona, lisithi, Nyana womntu, xa ilizwe lona kum ngokona kakhulu, ndolula isandla sam phezu kwalo, ndize ndiqhawule intonga yesonka salo, ndithumele indlala kulo, ndinqumle kulo umntu nesilwanyana; nokuba la madoda mathathu, uNowa, noDaniyeli, noYobhi, ebenokuba phakathi kwalo, ebeya kusindisa imiphefumlo yawo yodwa ngobulungisa bawo, itsho iNkosi uYehova. Ukuba ndingenza amarhamncwa ayingozi adlule kulo ilizwe, alonakalise, ukuze libe yintlango, kungabikho mntu udlula kulo ngenxa yamarhamncwa lawo; nokuba la madoda mathathu ebenokuba phakathi kwalo, ndiphila nje, itsho iNkosi uYehova, ebengeke asindise nyana nantombi; wona odwa ebenokusindiswa, ke lona ilizwe libe yintlango. Okanye ukuba ndingazisa ikrele phezu kwelo lizwe, ndithi, Krele, dlula kulo ilizwe; ukuze ndinqumle kulo umntu nesilwanyana; nokuba la madoda mathathu ebenokuba phakathi kwalo, ndiphila nje, itsho iNkosi uYehova, ebengeke asindise nyana nantombi, kodwa wona odwa ebenokusindiswa. Okanye ukuba ndingathumela indyikitya yokufa kulo ilizwe, ndithulule ubushushu bam phezu kwalo ngegazi, ukuze ndinqumle kulo umntu nesilwanyana; nokuba uNowa, noDaniyeli, noYobhi, ebenokuba phakathi kwalo, ndiphila nje, itsho iNkosi uYehova, ebengeke asindise nyana nantombi; ebeya kusindisa imiphefumlo yawo yodwa ngobulungisa bawo. Kuba itsho iNkosi uYehova ukuthi, Koba kangakanani na ngakumbi xa ndithumela izigwebo zam ezine ezibuhlungu phezu kweYerusalem, ikrele, nendlala, nerhamncwa eliyingozi, nendyikitya yokufa, ukuze ndinqumle kuyo umntu nesilwanyana? Kanti ke, yabona, kuya kusala kuyo intsalela eya kukhutshwa, oonyana neentombi; yabona, baya kuphuma beze kuni, nibone indlela yabo nezenzo zabo; nize nithuthuzeleke ngenxa yobubi endibuzisileyo phezu kweYerusalem, ngenxa yako konke endikuzisileyo phezu kwalo. Baya kunithuthuzela, xa nibona iindlela zabo nezenzo zabo; niya kwazi ukuba andenzanga ngaphandle kwesizathu konke endikwenzileyo kuyo, itsho iNkosi uYehova. Hezekile 14:12–23.

Siza kuqhubekekisa ezi ngqalelo kwinqaku elilandelayo.

Back to Articles