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# Umlando Ofihlekile Wevesi Lamashumi Amane — Inombolo Eyishumi Nesikhombisa

Umaye Wesibili — Ingxenye Yesine

Author

Jeff Pippenger

Published

June 25, 2026

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## 627, 632 no-637

“Isihluthulelo” esivula umgodi ongenamkhawulo siyimpi yaseNineve, eyagcwaliseka ngo-627, eminyakeni emihlanu ngaphambi kokuba uMohammed afe ngo-632. Eminyakeni emihlanu kamuva, ngo-637, amabutho amaSulumane athumba inhloko-dolobha yasePheresiya, omunye wemibuso emikhulu emibili eyabamba iqhaza empini yaseNineve. Lesi senzakalo sashintsha kakhulu ukulingana kwamandla eMpumalanga Ephakathi. Impi yaseNineve ngo-627 yathena amandla oMbuso wasePheresiya, kwathi eminyakeni eyishumi kamuva uMbuso wasePheresiya waphela.

## Ukuthotshiswa—782

Eminyakeni eyikhulu namashumi amahlanu emva kokufa kukaMohammed ngo-632, emKhankasweni wama-Abbasid ka-782, ibutho lama-Abbasid (okuthiwa lalingaba ngamadoda angaba ngu-95,000) laqalisa ukuhlasela okukhulu endaweni yoMbuso WaseByzantium e-Asia Minor (iTurkey yanamuhla). Laqhubekela phambili laze lafika eChrysopolis, ngqo ngaphesheya koLwandle iBosporus ukusuka eConstantinople—lasondela kakhulu enhlokodolobha yaseByzantium. AmaByzantium, ngaphansi kweNdlovukazi u-Irene, ahlulwa kabuhlungu. Ngenxa yalokho, amaByzantium aphoqeleka ukuba asayine isivumelwano sokumisa ukulwa seminyaka emithathu esiyihlazo, evuma ukukhokha intela enkulu yaminyaka yonke (engaba ngu-70,000–90,000 wamadinali egolide) kanye nokunikeza izingubo zikasilika nezithunjwa. Lo mkhankaso wawungomunye wemikhankaso emikhulu kakhulu nephumelele kakhulu yokungena kwama-Abbasid emazweni aseByzantium phakathi nekhulu le-8. Wabonakalisa amandla akhulayo oMbuso wobuCaliph bama-Abbasid kanye nokuqhubeka kokuwohloka koMbuso WaseByzantium.

## Izinyanga ezinhlanu

Esahlukweni sesishiyagalolunye sencwadi yesAmbulo kukhulunywa kabili “ngezinyanga ezinhlanu” ezilingana neminyaka eyikhulu namashumi amahlanu; okokuqala evesini lesihlanu, bese kuphinde kube sevesini leshumi.

> Futhi banikwa ukuba bangababulali, kodwa ukuba bahlushwe izinyanga eziyisihlanu; futhi ukuhlushwa kwabo kwakunjengokuhlushwa yisikhonyane, lapho sihlaba umuntu. Futhi ngalezo zinsuku abantu bayakufuna ukufa, kodwa abayikukuthola; bayakufisa ukufa, kodwa ukufa kuyakubabalekela. Futhi izimo zezinkumbi zazinjengamahhashi alungiselwe impi; emakhanda azo kwakukhona okungathi imiqhele efana negolide, futhi ubuso bazo babunjengobuso babantu. Zazinezinwele ezinjengezinwele zabesifazane, namazinyo azo ayenjengamazinyo amabhubesi. Futhi zazinezifuba, kungathi yizifuba zensimbi; nomsindo wamaphiko azo wawunjengomsindo wezinqola zamahhashi amaningi agijimela empini. Futhi zazinemisila enjengezikhonyane, futhi kwakukhona imijovo emisileni yazo; namandla azo ayengawokulimaza abantu izinyanga eziyisihlanu. IsAmbulo 9:5–10.

Kukhona izikhathi ezimbili ezihlukene zesiprofetho zeminyaka eyikhulu namashumi amahlanu ophondweni lwesihlanu lweSambulo isahluko sesishiyagalolunye. Esokuqala sisukela ekufeni kukaMohammed ngo-632 kuze kube sekwehlisweni kwesithunzi seNdlovukazi u-Irene yoMbuso waseRoma waseMpumalanga ngo-782. Isahluko sesishiyagalolunye sikhomba ukuvela kwe-Islam ngendlela enemininingwane kakhulu. Kusukela ekuhlanganisweni kwezizwe ngo-606, kuya empini yaseNineve ngo-627, kuya ekufeni kukaMohammed ngo-632, bese kuya ekunqotshweni kwePheresiya ngo-637, ukuvela nokwehla kwe-Islam kulandelwa ngokucophelela eZwini likaNkulunkulu lesiprofetho. I-Islam yase-Arabhiya ingamandla akuleso siprofetho sokuqala seminyaka eyikhulu namashumi amahlanu sokuhlupha. Ukuhlanganiswa kwezizwe nguMohammed ngo-606; bese kuba impi “eyisihluthulelo” yaseNineve ngo-627, kulandelwe yisibikezelo sikaMohammed sokubhujiswa kokubili kwePheresiya neRoma cishe ngo-628, bese kuya ekufeni kwakhe ngo-632. Lezi zinsuku zimele uhlelo oluqondile lwezehlakalo emlandweni we-Islam.

Ngemva kweminyaka eyikhulu namashumi amahlanu uMohammed eshonile ngo-632, isisekelo samandla e-Islam sashintsha sisuka e-Arabia saya eTurkey, njengoba yayixosha iMpumalanga yeRoma yayibuyisela emuva kwaze kwaba seConstantinople. Umaye wokuqala wayemele i-Islam yase-Arabia, kanti umaye wesibili wayemele i-Islam yaseTurkey. Ngaphakathi komaye wokuqala, zombili iziprofetho zesikhathi seminyaka eyikhulu namashumi amahlanu zikhomba umehluko phakathi kwe-Islam yase-Arabia ne-Islam yaseTurkey, njengoba nje lokhu kumelwa ekwahlukanisweni kweqiniso elifanayo phakathi komaye wokuqala nowesibili.

Iminyaka eyikhulu namashumi amahlanu yokuqala yaqala ngokubhujiswa kwePheresiya, yaphela iRoma isibambeke phakathi kwezindonga zaseConstantinople. Isikhathi sesibili seminyaka eyikhulu namashumi amahlanu saqala ngokunqoba kuka-Osman (obizwa nangokuthi u-Ottman) eNicomedia. Ukunqoba kwama-Ottoman eNicomedia kubhekisela ekuvinjezelweni kweNicomedia (i-İzmit yanamuhla, eTurkey), okwenzeka kusukela ngo-1333 kuya ku-1337, lapho uSultan Orhan Gazi (indodana ka-Osman I, umsunguli we-Ottoman Beylik) evimbezela idolobha elibalulekile laseByzantium, iNicomedia. Idolobha lamelana iminyaka eminingana, kodwa ekugcineni lanikela ngo-1337 ngenxa yendlala nokuswela izimpahla. Ibutho laseByzantium elaligadile lavunyelwa ukuba lihambe liye eConstantinople. INicomedia lalingelinye lezinqaba zokugcina ezinkulu zaseByzantium e-Asia Minor (Anatolia). Ukuwa kwalo kwaqeda ngokoqobo ukubusa kweByzantium engxenyeni enkulu yasentshonalanga ye-Anatolia. Lokhu kunqoba kwavumela ama-Ottoman ukuba aqinise amandla awo eBithynia futhi andise phambili ngaseMfuleni iBosporus. Kwakuyisinyathelo esikhulu esaholela ekunqobeni kokugcina kwama-Ottoman iConstantinople (okwenzeka eminyakeni engaphezu kwekhulu kamuva, ngo-1453). Ukuvinjezelwa kuvame ukubhekwa njengenye yezinqoba ezibalulekile zakuqala ezaguqula i-beylik encane yama-Ottoman yaba amandla esifunda ayesakhula.

Lapho isikhathi sesibili seminyaka eyikhulu namashumi amahlanu ngaphakathi kwecilongo lokuqala siphetha ngoJulayi 27, 1449, uConstantine wokugcina wafuna imvume kusultan wamaSulumane ukuba anyukele esihlalweni sobukhosi saseRoma yaseMpumalanga, ngaleyo ndlela ehlushwa ukuhlazeka okufanayo nalokho okwahlushwa yiNdlovukazi u-Irene ekupheleni kweminyaka eyikhulu namashumi amahlanu yokuqala yezikhathi ezimbili “zezinyanga ezinhlanu” zesAmbulo isahluko 9. Ukuhlazeka ‘kweNdlovukazi u-Irene’ kanye futhi ‘kukaConstantine wokugcina’ kwakuyisifaniso esabonisa kusengaphambili ukuhlazeka okwalandela kwama-Ottoman, lapho ekupheleni kwesiprofetho sesikhathi sosizi lwesibili bafuna ukuvikelwa emandleni amane amakhulu aseYurophu ngenxa yosongo lwaseGibhithe.

## IPantheon

Amaphayona aqonda futhi afundisa ngokunembile ukuthi inkulumo ethi “indawo yengcweliso yakhe yadilizwa” kuDaniyeli isahluko sesishiyagalombili nevesi leshumi nanye yagcwaliseka ngoConstantine.

> Yebo, wazikhukhumeza kwaze kwaba ngisho nakuyo inkosi yebutho; futhi umnikelo wemihla ngemihla wasuswa ngaye, nendawo yendlu yakhe engcwele yadilizwa.

“Indawo engcwele” ekhonjwe lapha kwakuyithempeli lasePantheon emzini waseRoma, futhi “indawo yalelo” thempeli kwakuyiRoma. IRoma “yaphonswa phansi” nguConstantine lapho ekhetha ukuhambisa inhloko-dolobha yombuso wakhe eConstantinople ngonyaka ka-330. Ivesi leshumi nanye lihlangana neSambulo ishumi nantathu, futhi ivesi lesibili likhomba izehlakalo ezifanayo.

> Futhi isilo engasibonayo sasifana nengwe, nezinyawo zaso zazinjengezinyawo zebhere, nomlomo waso unjengomlomo webhubesi; udrako wasinika amandla akhe, nesihlalo sakhe sobukhosi, negunya elikhulu.

Udrako wayeyiRoma yobuqaba, futhi iRoma yobuqaba yanikela “isihlalo” sayo sobukhosi eBandleni laseRoma ngonyaka ka-330, lapho ithuthela inhloko-dolobha empumalanga, ngaleyo ndlela ishiya isikhala samandla iBandla lobupapa elathatha ithuba laso ngokuthokoza. Lapho siqala umugqa weRoma yasempumalanga kusukela ngonyaka ka-330 kuze kube ngu-1453, sithola ukuthi ekuqaleni kwesiprofetho seRoma yasempumalanga, umuzi waseRoma uthotshiswa ukwenqatshwa kweRoma nguConstantine. Lokho kuthotshiswa kwaphindwa ngoMbusi wesifazane u-Irene ngonyaka ka-782, ekuphetheni kweminyaka eyikhulu namashumi amahlanu okuhlushwa. Kokubili lokho kuthotshiswa kwaphindwa nguConstantine wokugcina.

## Ukuvuka Nokuwa Okuyisimanga

Amacilongo esihlanu nelesithupha eSambulo isahluko sesishiyagalolunye anikeza imininingwane ngokuwa kweRoma yasempumalanga, kuyilapho futhi elandisa ngokuvuka nokuwa kobuSulumane. Ukuphefumulelwa kusazisa ukuba sifunde “ukuvuka nokuwa” kwemibuso ezincwadini zikaDaniyeli neSambulo. Leyo mibuso inomumo wayo ohlukile owodwa nowodwa, ohambisana “nokuvuka nokuwa” kwayo okuyisimo sayo esikhethekile. Ukuwa kukaJuda kwavezwa ukuhlaselwa kathathu kweJerusalema. AmaHeberu athunjelwa eBhabhiloni, futhi ayeyobuya ngaphansi kwezimemezelo ezintathu, ezaziyoqalisa iminyaka eyi-2,300 eyaholela ezingelosini ezintathu ekungeneni emlandweni kusukela ku-1798 kuze kube ngu-1844. IBhabhiloni lawa ngobusuku obubodwa. IRoma yahlakazeka, futhi phakathi kwalokho kuhlakazeka kwase kubekwa phambili izingxenye ezimbili zeRoma ngaphansi kwendawo yeRoma yasentshonalanga noma yeRoma yasempumalanga. Ukuvuka nokuwa kombuso wamaPtolemy nombuso wamaSeleucid engxenyeni yokuqala yesithathu kaDaniyeli ishumi nanye kufanekisa ukuvuka nokuwa kweRoma yobupapa. Lobo bufakazi bumane buyisiphetho sendaba ka-Aleksanda nokuhlakazeka kweGrisi. Ngokungafani neRoma, iGrisi yahlukana yaba izingxenye ezine ezagcina seziyizimbili. IRoma yahlukana yaba impumalanga nentshonalanga, kwase kuthi ngemva kwalokho iRoma yasentshonalanga yahlukaniswa ngokwesiprofetho yaba zintathu, imelela uhulumeni weRoma onezingxenye ezintathu. Ngokuqondene neRoma yasempumalanga, uKonstantine wahlukanisela amadodana akhe amathathu umbuso wakhe. Kusobala ukuthi iRoma yasentshonalanga neRoma yasempumalanga ziyimizila ehambisanayo emelela ibandla laseRoma nombuso waseRoma. Kuleyo nhlukaniso yezingxenye ezimbili kukhona futhi enye inhlukaniso yezingxenye ezintathu. IGrisi yayiyizine yaba zimbili, iBhabhiloni lalingobobusuku obubodwa, uJuda wayehlaselwe kathathu. NgobuSulumane, “ukuvuka” kwabo kuvezwa “njengokukhululwa,” futhi “ukuwa” kwabo “kungukuvinjelwa.”

Ukuvuka kwabo kwaqala ngoMohammed futhi babanjwa ngomhlaka 11 Agasti 1840. Badedelwa base beboshwa ngokushesha ngo-9/11. Basanda kudedelwa ngomhlaka 7 Okthoba 2023 futhi kusukela lapho babanjwe eGaza. UbuSulumane buyophinde budedelwe ukuze kuphawulwe ukumiswa komfanekiso wesilo. Ulayini womlando wesiprofetho wobuSulumane omelwe ezahlukweni zesishiyagalolunye kuya kweshumi nanye encwadini yeSambulo, ukhomba umlando wesiprofetho wobuSulumane webhadi lesithathu. ‘Umlando wesiprofetho wobuSulumane webhadi lesithathu’ ubuye futhi umelelwe yingelosi yesikhombisa kanye neyesithathu. Ingelosi yesithathu yafika ngomhlaka 22 Okthoba 1844 lapho ingelosi yesikhombisa iqala ukukhala. Ingelosi yesithathu nebhadi lesithathu kwangena emlandweni wesiprofetho ngo-9/11. Kusukela ku-9/11 kuze kufike umthetho weSonto, umlando wesiprofetho webhadi lokuqala nelesibili ubulokhu futhi useqhubeka uphindaphindwa.

“Isihluthulelo” sempi yaseNineve sidonsela imibuso emibili, iRoma nePheresiya, ekuxhumaneni okuqondile nokungenakuhlukaniswa ne-Islamu. INineve ikhomba ngokucace kakhulu kunanoma iyiphi enye ingxenye yoMbhalo ukushabalala okuqhubekayo kweRoma yasentshonalanga kanye neRoma yasempumalanga.

UHerode uyisibonakaliso sikadrako; wayemele iRoma. Udrako ekupheleni kwezwe yiZizwe Ezihlangene. Emthethweni weSonto owesithupha umbuso wesithupha uyawa, owesikhombisa uyaqala, kodwa banikela umbuso wabo embusweni wesishiyagalombili emcimbini wabo wokuzalwa uqobo. Umbuso wesikhombisa usanda kuzalwa, futhi ngokushesha uyavuma ukunikela umbuso wawo kusifebe saseBhabhiloni ihora elilodwa, njengoba kufanekiselwa uHerode ethembisa uSalome kuze kufike engxenyeni yombuso wakhe.

Kuleyo ndawo lapho i-United States iwa khona, i-United Nations iyazalwa, futhi inyunyana ephindwe kathathu iyasebenza. UHerode uyidrako, uHerodiya ungupapa, futhi i-United States inguSalome. UHerode wayesemfelandawonye womshado ongavumelekile, ngokuba wayeshade nomfazi womfowabo, futhi ezingeni lesiprofetho wayesebudlelwaneni bokulala nezihlobo noSalome, ngokuba kuyacaca ukuthi wayemkhanukela ngesikhathi esina. Idrako inobudlelwano kokubili nonina nendodakazi. Lokhu kubalulekile ukukubona lapho unquma ukuthi iRoma yasentshonalanga neyaseMpumalanga imelela ubuqili bebandla nobuqili bombuso ngokulandelana. IRoma, umbuso wesine wesiprofetho seBhayibheli, yabeka upapa esihlalweni sobukhosi ngokwesiprofetho, futhi ngokwenza kanjalo yafanekisa i-United States ezophinde futhi ibeke upapa esihlalweni sobukhosi.

Ukuwohloka okuqhubekela phambili kweRoma yasentshonalanga kusukela ku-330 kuze kube ngu-476 kumelela ukuwohloka okuqhubekela phambili kwe-United States kusukela ku-1798 kuze kube ngumthetho weSonto. Unyaka ka-“330” nonyaka ka-“1798” kuyizimpawu zendlela zesiprofetho zombili ezibizwa ngokuthi “isikhathi esimisiwe” noma “isikhathi sokuphela” encwadini kaDaniyeli. U-330 uphawula ukuqala kweRoma yasentshonalanga neyaseMpumalanga. Ukuphela kwakho kokubili kuwukuthotshiswa komholi waseRoma, njengoba nje uConstantine athotshisa umuzi waseRoma ekuqaleni. U-476 wawungukuphela kwenkathi yesiprofetho ephawula ukuthi uhlaka lwezepolitiki oludumile lweRoma lwahlakazeka ngaphansi kwezinyathelo ezintathu. Inkathi eyaqala ngokwaliwa komuzi ngo-330 yalandelwa ukuthotshiswa kwalo lonke uhlaka lwabo lwezepolitiki—irephabhlikhi yabo ekhazimulayo, eyayiyindawo enkulu yokuzigqaja yeRoma yasendulo, yahlakazwa—futhi ekugcineni yafinyelela ku-476, lapho kwakungeke kusaba khona umbusi phezu kweRoma owayengowozalo lwangempela lwaseRoma. Imigqa emibili yeRoma eqala ngonyaka ka-330, nendima lapho leyo migqa emibili ibekwa khona, ihlanganisa futhi imigqa emibili yesiprofetho yezinyanga ezinhlanu. Umugqa weRoma yasentshonalanga uqala futhi uphele ngokuthotshiswa okuqhubekela phambili. Umugqa weRoma yaseMpumalanga uqala futhi uphele ngokuthotshiswa okuqhubekela phambili ngo-1449, njengoba uConstantine wokugcina acela imvume yokubusa.

Esinye sezikhathi zezinyanga ezinhlanu siholela ekupheleni kobuSulumane bama-Arabhu njengokugxilwe kwesiprofetho nasekuqaleni kobuSulumane bamaTurkey ngonyaka ka-782. Ngalolo suku uMbusi u-Irene uyahlaziswa, ngokuvumelana nokuhlaziswa kukaConstantine wokugcina ekupheleni kwesiprofetho sesibili sezinyanga ezinhlanu. Iziprofetho ezimbili zezinyanga ezinhlanu ngaphakathi kwendaba eyodwa enamavesi ayishumi nanhlanu. Esinye siveza umlando wobuSulumane base-Arabhiya, esinye ubuSulumane baseTurkey. Kokubili kuphetha ngokuhlaziswa kweRoma yasempumalanga. Ukuphetha kwesinye salezi ziprofetho kwagcwaliseka ngokuthi owesifazane ahlaziswe, kanti esinye ngokuthi indoda ihlaziswe. Umugqa phezu komugqa kukhomba ukuhlaziswa kwebandla nombuso weRoma yasempumalanga. Kokubili lokhu kuhlaziswa kulethwa ubuSulumane bosizi lokuqala. Ukuhlaziswa kukaConstantine wokugcina ngo-1449 kuqala isikhathi seminyaka emine esiphela ngo-1453, ngokudilika kwezindonga zaseConstantinople. U-1449 umele ukuhlaziswa, kanti ngo-1453 izindonga ziyawa nombuso uyaphela.

## Ukufa kukaMohammed

Esinye salezo zikhathi ezimbili zezinyanga ezinhlanu siqala ngokufa kukaMohammed, okhonjwa njengalo “nkosi eyayiphezu kwazo” evesini leshumi nanye.

> Futhi babenenkosi phezu kwabo, eyingelosi yomgodi ongenamkhawulo, ogama layo ngolimi lwesiHeberu lingu-Abadoni, kepha ngolimi lwesiGreki linegama elithi u-Apoliyoni.

Inkosi phezu kwabo kwakunguMohammed, ngoba ukhonjwa evesini lokuqala, ngakho-ke akayena omunye umuntu ongumSulumane; unguMohammed inkosi, futhi inkosi ingumbuso, kanti ubuSulumane bungumbuso kaMohammed.

> Ingelosi yesihlanu yakhala; ngabona inkanyezi isiwa ivela ezulwini iye emhlabeni; yanikwa yona ukhiye womgodi ongenasiphelo. Yase iwuvula umgodi ongenasiphelo; kwase kukhuphuka intuthu ivela emgodini, njengentuthu yesithando somlilo esikhulu; ilanga nomoya kwafiphazwa ngenxa yentuthu yomgodi. Kwase kuphuma entuthwini izinkumbi zehlela emhlabeni; zanikezwa amandla, njengalokhu ofezela bomhlaba benamandla. IsAmbulo 9:1–3.

Ukuphindaphindwa komaye wokuqala nowesibili ngaphakathi komaye wesithathu kuhambisana nokuphindaphindwa kwezingelosi zokuqala nezesibili ngaphakathi kwengelosi yesithathu. UMohammed, inkosi, wanikwa isihluthulelo sokuvula umgodi ongenasiphelo, futhi u-9/11 ukhomba isikhathi lapho ingelosi yesithathu inikwe amandla. UKristu, njengengelosi enamandla, wase ehla njengoba ukuhlasela kokuqala kukaBhalami kwafika emlandweni wesiprofetho. Khona-ke umgodi ongenasiphelo wavuleka, futhi ubuSulumane baphinde baba yisihloko somlando womhlaba. UKristu wase ehola abantu Bakhe ukuba babuyele ezindleleni zakudala zikaJeremiya, futhi umlayezo womaye wesithathu nowengelosi yesithathu waqala ukuzwakala. Ngo-2015, uTrump wamemezela inhloso yakhe yokungenela isikhundla sobumongameli, ngaleyo ndlela evusa amandla odrako bezwe lonke, futhi umgodi ongenasiphelo wase ukhulula ukungakholelwa ebukhoneni bukaNkulunkulu okwagcina sekubulele uTrump ezitaladini zaseSodoma naseGibhithe. Emthethweni weSonto, isilo esingesesishiyagalombili, esivela kulezo eziyisikhombisa, siyokhuphuka siphume emgodini ongenasiphelo. Ukuqala kwesikhathi sokubekwa uphawu kwabeyikhulu namashumi amane nane ezinkulungwane, kanye nokuphela kwaso, kukhomba ukuvela kwamandla omgodi ongenasiphelo.

> Isilo osibonileyo sasikhona, kasisekho; futhi siyokhuphuka siphume kwalasha ongenasiphelo, siye ekubhujisweni; futhi abahlala emhlabeni bayakumangala, labo amagama abo angalotshiwe encwadini yokuphila kusukela ekusekelweni kwezwe, lapho bebona isilo esasikhona, esingasekho, kanti nokho sikhona. IsAmbulo 17:8.

UbuSulumane buyisihluthulelo esavula umgodi ongenamkhawulo ngo-9/11, futhi buyisona esivula umgodi ongenamkhawulo ngesikhathi somthetho weSonto. Phakathi nesikhathi sokubekwa uphawu, isilo sikadrako sobumbano lomhlaba naso saphuma emgodini ongenamkhawulo.

> Lapho sebesiqedile ubufakazi babo, isilo esikhuphuka siphuma kwalasha siyakulwa nabo, sibanqobe, sibabulale. IsAmbulo 11:7.

Isihluthulelo esivula zonke izimpawu zendlela ezintathu zombuso ovela emgodini ongenasiphelo sanikwa uMohammed, inkosi yombuso wobuSulumane. Impi yaseNineve ngo-627 yamela impi phakathi kwamandla amabili eyanciphisa amandla abo bobabili ababelwa, okwavumela ubuSulumane ukuba bukhuphuke ngamandla ngokushesha. Isihluthulelo saphendulwa ngo-9/11 futhi ukukhuphuka kobuSulumane kwaqala, nakuba kwavinjwa maduzane ngemva kwalokho. Impi yaseNineve yafanekiswa ngo-9/11, ngoba ukukhuphuka kobuSulumane khona kwaqala ngesikhathi ingelosi enamandla yehla ukukhanyisa umhlaba ngenkazimulo yayo, futhi nenkanyezi, okusho isithunywa, nayo yawa ivela ezulwini. Impi yaseNineve iphinde ifanekiswe ekugcineni, lapho kufika umthetho weSonto futhi isikhathi sesibili seNkathi Yobumnyama siqala njengoba intuthu yenkolo yobuSulumane ifiphaza ilanga.

## Exeter

Umthetho weSonto ufanekiselwa lapho isigijimi sokukhala kwaphakathi kobusuku sifika emhlanganweni wekamu lase-Exeter. Khona-ke kuqala izinyathelo zokugcina zokumiswa komfanekiso wesilo. Ukwakhiwa, noma ukumiswa, komfanekiso kwaqala ngo-9/11, kodwa ekupheleni kwaleso sikhathi, isikhathi sokumenyezelwa kokukhala kwaphakathi kobusuku naso siyifrakthali yaso sonke isikhathi sokwakhiwa komfanekiso esaqala ngo-9/11. Isiqalo simelela isiphetho. Uhlupho lokuqala lufanekisela uhlupho lwesithathu, njengoba nje ingelosi yokuqala ifanekisela ingelosi yesithathu. Impi yaseNineve ekupheleni kwesikhathi sokubekwa uphawu iveza impi yaseNineve ekuqaleni. Impi yaseNineve ngesikhathi somthetho weSonto iyisiphetho sesikhathi sokubekwa uphawu esaqala ngo-9/11, kodwa futhi iyisiphetho sesikhathi sokumenyezelwa kokukhala kwaphakathi kobusuku. Ngakho-ke impi yaseNineve ifanekiselwa ekuqaleni kokumenyezelwa kokukhala kwaphakathi kobusuku, okukhomba izinyathelo zokugcina ekwakhekeni komfanekiso wesilo e-United States, futhi emthethweni weSonto kuqala ukuqala kokwakheka komfanekiso wesilo emhlabeni. INineve iyisihluthulelo esihlanganisa imigqa ehlukahlukene ethola ukugcwaliseka kwayo okuphelele emlandweni ofihlekile wevesi lamashumi amane.

Sizoqhubeka siye phambili esihlokweni esilandelayo.

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