The Book of Daniel unfolds a remarkable prophetic narrative, weaving a principle of repeat and enlarge which threads through its visions, from the metallic statue of chapter 2 to the intricate kingly conflicts of chapter 11. Within this framework, a compelling case emerges: the Battle of Actium in 31 BC, culminating in Egypt’s fall in 30 BC, stands as a pivotal fulfillment of Daniel 11:25, 26, marking the dawn of pagan Rome’s 360-year supremacy.

Phau Ntawv Daniyee nthuav tawm ib zaj lus faj lem uas txawv tshaj plaw, xaws ua ke ib txoj cai ntawm kev rov hais dua thiab nthuav kom dav ntxiv, uas khi txuas mus thoob plaws nws tej yog toog pom, txij ntawm tus pej thuam hlau ntawm tshooj 2 mus txog rau tej kev tsis sib haum ntawm vaj ntxwv uas ntxaws kawg hauv tshooj 11. Nyob hauv lub qauv no, muaj ib rooj plaub uas muaj hwj chim tshwm los: Tsov Rog ntawm Actium hauv xyoo 31 BC, uas xaus rau tim lyiv teb chaws poob rau xyoo 30 BC, sawv ua ib qho kev ua tiav tseem ceeb ntawm Daniyee 11:25, 26, cim txog kaj ntug ntawm Loos pagan txoj kev muaj hwj chim kav ntev 360 xyoo.

Daniel 11 begins with the rise and fall of empires following Alexander the Great’s death in 323 BC. Yet, by verse 14, a shift occurs. Around 200 BC, as Antiochus III (Magnus) prepared for the Battle of Panium against the child-king Ptolemy V, Rome intervened, not as a mere bystander but as the “robbers of thy people.” Concerned about securing Egypt’s wheat supply amid Hellenistic turmoil, Rome flexed its influence during the Second Macedonian War (200–197 BC), setting the stage for its prophetic role.

Daniyee 11 pib nrog kev sawv thiab kev poob ntawm tej tebchaws loj tom qab Alexander tus Loj tuag hauv xyoo 323 BC. Txawm li cas los, txog nqe 14, muaj ib qho kev hloov tshwm sim. Kwv yees li xyoo 200 BC, thaum Antiochus III (Magnus) tab tom npaj rau Tsov Rog Panium tawm tsam tus vajntxwv menyuam Ptolemy V, Loos tau los cuam tshuam, tsis yog ib tug neeg sawv saib xwb, tiam sis yog “cov tub sab ntawm koj haiv neeg.” Vim txhawj txog kev ruaj ntseg ntawm Ejiptux cov mov nplej hauv nruab nrab ntawm kev kub ntxhov Hellenistic, Loos tau nthuav qhia nws lub hwjchim hauv lub Tsov Rog Macedonian Zaum Ob (200–197 BC), npaj txojkev rau nws tes haujlwm yav tom ntej raws li yavlus qhia.

Rome’s Dominance Over the Jews

Kev Kav Hwjchim Ntawm Loos Saum Cov Neeg Yudais

Fast forward to 63 BC, and verse 16 finds fulfillment when Pompey storms Jerusalem, entering the Holy of Holies and asserting Roman dominion over the “glorious land.” From here, verses 17 through 22 trace a succession of Roman figures: Pompey’s eastern campaigns, Julius Caesar’s conquests and assassination in 44 BC, Augustus Caesar’s tax-raising reign (noted in Luke 2:1) ending in 14 AD, and Tiberius overseeing Christ’s crucifixion in the year 31 AD, when the “prince of the covenant” was broken. The prophetic line from Pompey in Jerusalem to Titus in Jerusalem in 70 AD, sets forth the line of Rome’s dominance over God’s people.

Txav mus sai mus rau xyoo 63 BC, thiab nqe 16 tau muaj tiav thaum Pompey tuaj tua Yeluxalees, nkag mus rau hauv Chav Dawb Huv Tshaj Plaws thiab lees tsa txoj cai kav ntawm Loos saum “thaj av uas muaj hwjchim ci ntsa iab.” Txij ntawm no mus, nqe 17 txog 22 piav raws kab ke ntawm cov thawj coj Loos: Pompey tej kev sib ntaus rog rau sab hnub tuaj, Julius Caesar tej kev yeej teb chaws thiab nws txoj kev raug tua nyob rau xyoo 44 BC, Augustus Caesar txoj kev kav uas tsa se (raws li hais tseg hauv Luka 2:1) xaus rau xyoo 14 AD, thiab Tiberius uas tswj thaum Khetos raug ntsia saum ntoo khaublig nyob rau xyoo 31 AD, thaum “tus thawj ntawm txoj kev khi lus” raug muab rhuav tshem. Kab yaj saub uas txuas ntawm Pompey hauv Yeluxalees mus txog Titus hauv Yeluxalees xyoo 70 AD, nthuav qhia txoj kab ntawm Loos txoj kev kav hnyav saum Vajtswv haiv neeg.

Beginning with a Roman General desecrating the temple on to the ending when a Roman General destroyed the temple provides the signature of Alpha and Omega. Beginning with desecrating and ending with destruction the historical line also contains the desecration and the destruction of the One who said of Himself, “Destroy this temple and in three days I will raise it up.” Truth is made up of the first, thirteenth and last letter of the Hebrew alphabet, and the line beginning with Pompey and ending with Titus includes a middle temple destruction that is represented by the middle of three crosses, that were erected at the very middle of the week Christ came to confirm the covenant. Verses sixteen through twenty-two represent a prophetic line that bears the signature of truth. There are a handful of important prophetic lines within the history represented by the verses, but the primary theme of the line is Rome’s dominance over the Jews.

Pib ntawm ib tug thawj tub rog Roman uas ua qias tsis huv lub tuam tsev mus txog rau qhov xaus thaum ib tug thawj tub rog Roman rhuav tshem lub tuam tsev, qhov ntawd muab tus cim ntawm Alpha thiab Omega. Pib nrog kev ua qias tsis huv thiab xaus nrog kev rhuav tshem, txoj kab keeb kwm no kuj muaj kev ua qias tsis huv thiab kev rhuav tshem ntawm Tus uas hais txog Nws Tus Kheej tias, “Rhuav lub tuam tsev no, thiab hauv peb hnub Kuv yuav tsa nws rov los.” Qhov tseeb yog muaj los ntawm tsab ntawv thawj, tsab ntawv thib kaum peb, thiab tsab ntawv kawg ntawm cov niam ntawv Henplais, thiab txoj kab uas pib nrog Pompey thiab xaus nrog Titus muaj ib qho kev rhuav tshem lub tuam tsev nyob nruab nrab uas raug sawv cev los ntawm tus ntoo khaub lig nruab nrab ntawm peb tus ntoo khaub lig, uas tau tsa rau ntawm nruab nrab kiag ntawm lub limtiam uas Khetos los lees paub txoj kev cog lus. Nqe kaum rau mus txog nees nkaum ob sawv cev rau ib txoj kab yaj saub uas ris tus cim ntawm qhov tseeb. Muaj ob peb txoj kab yaj saub tseem ceeb nyob hauv keeb kwm uas cov nqe ntawd sawv cev rau, tiamsis lub ntsiab tseem ceeb ntawm txoj kab ntawd yog txoj kev kav loj ntawm Loos saum cov Yudais.

Leagues and Treaties

Pab Koomtes thiab Cov Lus Cog Tseg

Verse 23 “repeats and enlarges” by looping back to 161–158 BC, when the Jews under Judas Maccabeus forged a league with Rome (1 Maccabees 8). This highlights Rome’s unique empire-building strategy—conquest through treaties and alliances, a method distinct from its predecessors. Verse 24 concludes this phase, noting Rome would “forecast its devices from the strongholds, even for a time.”

Nqe 23 “rov hais dua thiab nthuav dav ntxiv” los ntawm kev tig rov qab mus rau xyoo 161–158 BC, thaum cov Yudais nyob hauv Yudas Makkabiyas txoj kev coj tau tsim ib daim ntawv cog lus koom nrog Loos (1 Makkabiyas 8). Qhov no qhia kom pom Loos txoj kev txawj tsim teb chaws kav tshwj xeeb—kev kov yeej los ntawm cov ntawv cog lus thiab kev sib koom tes, ib txoj kev uas txawv ntawm cov uas ua ntej nws. Nqe 24 xaus theem no, hais tias Loos yuav “xav npaj nws tej tswv yim tawm tsam cov chaw ruaj khov, txawm yog ib ntus.”

And after the league made with him he shall work deceitfully: for he shall come up, and shall become strong with a small people. He shall enter peaceably even upon the fattest places of the province; and he shall do that which his fathers have not done, nor his fathers’ fathers; he shall scatter among them the prey, and spoil, and riches: yea, and he shall forecast his devices against the strong holds, even for a time. Daniel 11:23, 24.

Thiab tom qab kev sib cog lus uas tau ua nrog nws lawd, nws yuav ua yam dag ntxias; rau qhov nws yuav nce tuaj, thiab yuav ua muaj zog nrog ib haiv neeg tsawg. Nws yuav nkag mus yam thaj yeeb txawm rau tej chaw rog tshaj plaws ntawm lub xeev; thiab nws yuav ua tej yam uas nws cov yawg koob tsis tau ua, los yog nws cov yawg koob tej yawg koob tsis tau ua; nws yuav faib tej quab yuam nyiag tau, thiab tej khoom txeeb tau, thiab kev nplua nuj rau lawv: muaj tseeb, nws yuav npaj nws tej tswv yim tawm tsam cov chaw ruaj khov, tsuas yog ib ntus xwb. Daniel 11:23, 24.

For a Time

Rau Ib Ntus

The word translated “against” can be understood as the word “from”. Rome forecasts its devices “from”. The word “from” in the verse points to the city of Rome, the empire’s political and military heart, as the base of its strategies. The “time” is prophetically 360 years, beginning when Egypt falls in 30 BC after Actium, and ending in the year 330 when Constantine abandons Rome for Constantinople.

Lo lus uas raug txhais tias “tawm tsam” kuj yuav to taub tau tias yog lo lus “los ntawm”. Loos twv qhia nws tej cuab yeej “los ntawm”. Lo lus “los ntawm” hauv nqe no taw qhia rau lub nroog Loos, uas yog lub plawv nom tswv thiab tub rog ntawm lub teb chaws faj tim teb chaws, ua lub hauv paus ntawm nws tej tswv yim. “Lub sijhawm” ntawd, raws li lus faj lem, yog 360 xyoo, pib thaum Ejyptes poob rau xyoo 30 BC tom qab Actium, thiab xaus rau xyoo 330 thaum Constantine tso Loos tseg mus rau Constantinople.

Verses 25 and 26 zero in on Actium itself.

Nqe 25 thiab 26 tsom ncaj qha rau Actium nws tus kheej.

And he shall stir up his power and his courage against the king of the south with a great army; and the king of the south shall be stirred up to battle with a very great and mighty army; but he shall not stand: for they shall forecast devices against him. Yea, they that feed of the portion of his meat shall destroy him, and his army shall overflow: and many shall fall down slain. Daniel 11:25, 26.

Nws yuav txhawb nws lub hwjchim thiab nws lub siab tawv tawm tsam tus vajntxwv sab qab teb nrog ib pab tub rog loj; thiab tus vajntxwv sab qab teb yuav raug tsa kom tawm mus ua rog nrog ib pab tub rog uas loj heev thiab muaj zog kawg; tiamsis nws yuav sawv tsis taus, vim lawv yuav npaj tswv yim dag tawm tsam nws. Tseeb tiag, cov uas noj ntawm feem mov ntawm nws rooj yuav rhuav tshem nws, thiab nws pab tub rog yuav ntws hla mus; thiab coob leej yuav poob tuag. Daniel 11:25, 26.

In 31 BC, Octavian, representing Rome as the “king of the north,” marshaled his forces against Cleopatra’s Egypt, the “king of the south,” in a monumental naval clash. Antony and Cleopatra’s “very great and mighty army” faltered, undone by strategic “devices” (Agrippa’s tactics) and betrayals—defections from Antony’s allies and Cleopatra’s mid-battle retreat. By 30 BC, Egypt was a Roman province, launching pagan Rome’s unchallenged rule. This 360-year span, from 30 BC to 330, aligns with Rome’s supremacy centered in its original stronghold, until Constantine’s shift “cast down” the stronghold, as Daniel 8:11 foretells.

Xyoo 31 BC, Octavian, uas sawv cev rau Loos ua tus “vajntxwv sab qaum teb,” tau sau nws cov tub rog tawm tsam Cleopatra lub tebchaws Iyiv, tus “vajntxwv sab qab teb,” hauv ib qho kev sib tua loj heev rau saum hiav txwv. Antony thiab Cleopatra tus “tub rog uas loj kawg thiab muaj hwjchim kawg nkaus” tau qaug zog thiab swb lawm, raug rhuav los ntawm tej “cuabntxwv” ntawm kev npaj tsov rog (Agrippa tej kev tawm tswv yim) thiab los ntawm kev ntxeev siab—kev khiav mus koom sab nraud ntawm Antony cov phoojywg thiab Cleopatra txoj kev thim rov qab thaum tseem tab tom sib tua. Txog xyoo 30 BC, Iyiv tau los ua ib xeev ntawm Loos, qhib txoj kev rau Loos kev kav tebchaws tsis pe hawm Vajtswv kom kav yam tsis muaj leejtwg tawm tsam tau. Lub sijhawm 360 xyoo no, txij xyoo 30 BC mus txog 330, sib haum nrog Loos txoj kev muaj hwjchim loj tshaj plaws uas nyob ruaj khov hauv nws lub chaw ruaj thawj thaum chiv thawj, mus txog thaum Constantine txoj kev hloov chaw “nchuav pov tseg” lub chaw ruaj ntawd, raws li Daniel 8:11 tau hais tseg.

Yea, he magnified himself even to the prince of the host, and by him the daily sacrifice was taken away, and the place of his sanctuary was cast down. Daniel 8:11.

Muaj tseeb, nws tsa nws tus kheej kom siab txawm mus txog rau tus thawj ntawm pab tub rog, thiab los ntawm nws thiaj raug muab tshem tawm txoj kev txi niaj hnub, thiab qhov chaw ntawm nws lub chaw dawb huv raug muab rhuav tshem. Daniel 8:11.

When Constantine cast down the city of Rome for the city of Constantinople, he left a power vacuum in the city of Rome open for the papal church to take the seat of authority represented by the city of Rome. The act fulfilled verse two of Revelation thirteen.

Thaum Constantine tso lub nroog Loos tseg mus rau lub nroog Constantinople, nws tau cia ib qhov chaw khoob ntawm hwjchim hauv lub nroog Loos qhib tseg rau pawg ntseeg papacy los los tuav lub rooj zaum ntawm txoj cai uas lub nroog Loos sawv cev. Qhov kev ua ntawd tau ua kom Tshwm Sim tshooj kaum peb nqe ob tiav.

And the beast which I saw was like unto a leopard, and his feet were as the feet of a bear, and his mouth as the mouth of a lion: and the dragon gave him his power, and his seat, and great authority. Revelation 13:2.

Thiab tus tsiaj qus uas kuv pom zoo li tus tsov txaij, thiab nws ob txhais taw zoo li ob txhais taw dais, thiab nws lub qhov ncauj zoo li lub qhov ncauj tsov ntxhuav; thiab tus zaj tau muab nws lub hwj chim, thiab nws lub zwm txwv, thiab txoj cai loj rau nws. Tshwm Sim 13:2.

In Daniel 8, two different Hebrew words, both translated as “sanctuary” distinguish the story of the sanctuary in the book of Daniel. The book of Daniel represents a warfare between Christ and Satan as illustrated in the earthly representatives of Christ and Satan. Babylon, Satan’s earthly representative conquers Jerusalem in the opening of Daniel, and Jerusalem conquers Babylon in verse forty-five of chapter eleven. The kingdoms represented by the city of Jerusalem and the city of Babylon are “sanctuaries of strength.” The cities of Babylon and Jerusalem are both sanctuaries of strength, and they both have their own temples within the city. The Pantheon temple is in the city of Rome, and the temple in Jerusalem is the counterpart in the prophetic narrative. Babylon and the city of Rome are counterfeits of Jerusalem.

Hauv Daniyee 8, muaj ob lo lus Henplais sib txawv, uas ob lo lus ntawd puav leej raug txhais ua “lub chaw dawb huv,” uas qhia qhov txawv ntawm zaj keeb kwm hais txog lub chaw dawb huv nyob hauv phau Daniyee. Phau Daniyee nthuav tawm ib txoj kev ua rog nruab nrab ntawm Khetos thiab Xatas raws li tau muab piv txwv hauv cov neeg sawv cev hauv ntiajteb no ntawm Khetos thiab Xatas. Npanpiloo, uas yog Xatas tus neeg sawv cev hauv ntiajteb, yeej ntes Yeluxalees thaum pib ntawm Daniyee, hos Yeluxalees yeej kov yeej Npanpiloo hauv nqe plaub caug tsib ntawm tshooj kaum ib. Cov nceeg vaj uas raug sawv cev los ntawm lub nroog Yeluxalees thiab lub nroog Npanpiloo yog “cov chaw dawb huv ntawm lub zog.” Lub nroog Npanpiloo thiab Yeluxalees puav leej yog cov chaw dawb huv ntawm lub zog, thiab nkawd puav leej muaj lawv tus kheej lub tuam tsev nyob hauv lub nroog. Lub tuam tsev Pantheon nyob hauv lub nroog Loos, thiab lub tuam tsev hauv Yeluxalees yog tus uas sib phim nrog nws hauv zaj lus faj lem. Npanpiloo thiab lub nroog Loos yog cov qauv cuav ntawm Yeluxalees.

In Daniel 8, the two Hebrew words are “miqdash” in verse 11, where the little horn (pagan Rome) casts down the “place of his sanctuary” (the city of Rome), when Constantine relocates in 330. The other word is “qodesh” in verses 13, 14, where God’s sanctuary awaits cleansing after 2300 days. Though both words are translated as sanctuary, “miqdash” can represent either God’s fortress or a pagan fortress, whereas “qodesh” is only used in the Bible to represent God’s sanctuary.

Hauv Daniyees 8, ob lo lus Henplais yog “miqdash” hauv nqe 11, qhov chaw uas tus kub me me (Loos pagan) muab “qhov chaw ntawm nws lub chaw dawb huv” pov tseg (lub nroog Loos), thaum Constantine hloov nws lub chaw nyob xyoo 330. Lwm lo lus yog “qodesh” hauv nqe 13, 14, qhov chaw uas Vajtswv lub chaw dawb huv tab tom tos kev ntxuav kom huv tom qab 2300 hnub. Txawm hais tias ob lo lus no raug txhais ua chaw dawb huv tib yam, “miqdash” kuj sawv cev tau rau Vajtswv lub chaw ruaj khov los yog ib lub chaw ruaj khov pagan, hos “qodesh” tsuas yog siv hauv phau Vajlugkub xwb los sawv cev rau Vajtswv lub chaw dawb huv.

In Daniel 11:31, the “sanctuary of strength” (the city of Rome) is polluted as the Barbarians and Vandals bring warfare to the city of Rome. The “arms” in the verse started with Clovis in 496 and continued until papal Rome, was fully ascendant by 538, when the Ostrogoths are expelled from the city.

Hauv Daniyee 11:31, “lub chaw dawb huv uas muaj zog” (lub nroog Loos) raug ua kom qias tsis huv thaum cov Barbarians thiab Vandals coj kev ua rog los rau hauv lub nroog Loos. “Cov caj npab” hauv nqe ntawd pib nrog Clovis xyoo 496 thiab txuas mus txog thaum papal Loos tau sawv ua tus muaj hwj chim puv npo xyoo 538, thaum cov Ostrogoths raug ntiab tawm hauv lub nroog.

The prophetic line from Actium extends beyond 330. Verse 30’s “ships of Chittim” identify the Vandals under Genseric, who sacked Rome in 455, signaling Western Rome’s collapse. Papal Rome then rises, ruling from 538 until 1798; for 1260 years until Napoleon’s General Berthier delivered the “deadly wound” by capturing Pius VI. The 360 years of pagan Rome, from 30 BC to 330, mirrors the 1260 years of papal Rome, each beginning when a third obstacle (Egypt, Ostrogoths) falls.

Txoj kab yaj saub pib ntawm Actium nthuav mus dhau 330. Cov “nkoj ntawm Chittim” hauv nqe 30 qhia txog cov Vandals nyob hauv Genseric qab, uas txeeb thiab nyiag nroog Loos xyoo 455, ua ib lub cim qhia txog kev vau ntawm Loos sab hnub poob. Tom qab ntawd Loos papacy sawv los kav, kav txij xyoo 538 mus txog 1798; rau 1260 xyoo, mus txog thaum Napoleon tus thawj tub rog General Berthier muab “lub qhov txhab tuag taus” ntawd los ntawm kev ntes Pius VI. Lub 360 xyoo ntawm Loos pagan, txij 30 BC mus txog 330, yog ib daim iav cuam tshuam nrog 1260 xyoo ntawm Loos papacy, txhua ntu pib thaum ib qho kev thaiv thib peb (Egypt, Ostrogoths) poob lawm.

The modern “king of the north” emerges in verse 40. In 1989, the papacy, allied secretly with Reagan’s USA (symbolized as chariots, ships, and horsemen), topples the USSR, the “king of the south” (atheism/Communism). Verse 41 identifies the papacy conquering the “glorious land”—turning the Protestant USA into the Catholic USA—while verses 42, 43 identify the United Nations represented by Egypt yielding to a threefold union consisting of the United Nations (the dragon) the Vatican (the beast) and the United States (the false prophet), steering the world to Armageddon. Verse 45 predicts this power’s end, “with none to help,” its wound healed in verse forty-one, but its fate sealed by verse forty-five.

“vajntxwv sab qaum teb” niaj hnub no tshwm los hauv nqe 40. Xyoo 1989, lub hwj chim papacy, uas tau koom tes zais nrog Reagan lub Tebchaws Meskas (uas raug sawv cev los ntawm tsheb nees rog, nkoj, thiab cov caij nees), rhuav tshem USSR, uas yog “vajntxwv sab qab teb” (kev tsis lees paub Vajtswv/Communism). Nqe 41 qhia tias papacy kov yeej “lub tebchaws muaj hwjchim ci ntsa iab”—hloov Tebchaws Meskas Protestant ua Tebchaws Meskas Catholic—hos nqe 42, 43 qhia tias United Nations, uas raug sawv cev los ntawm Egypt, poob cev rau ib qho kev sib koom ua peb txheej uas muaj United Nations (tus zaj) Vatican (tsiaj nyaum) thiab Tebchaws Meskas (tus yaj saub cuav), coj lub ntiajteb mus rau Armageddon. Nqe 45 twv hais txog qhov kawg ntawm lub hwj chim no, “tsis muaj leejtwg pab,” nws qhov txhab raug kho zoo hauv nqe plaub caug ib, tiam sis nws txoj hmoo raug kaw ruaj hauv nqe plaub caug tsib.

Actium in 31 BC is the focus of verses 25, 26, launching Rome’s 360-year reign from its sanctuary-stronghold. With verse fourteen as a caveat, the story of pagan Rome from verse sixteen unto the transition to papal Rome in verse thirty-one is the complete line of pagan Rome. That line is divided into three parts. Verse sixteen to twenty-two is the line of Rome’s dominance over ancient Israel. Verse twenty-three and twenty-four identifies that work of empire building which Rome employed when conquering through leagues and treaties in conjunction with military might. Verse twenty-four through to the last expression in verse thirty-one is a two-part line representing a period when Rome exalted itself, followed by a fall.

Actium xyoo 31 BC yog qhov chaw tseem ceeb ntawm nqe 25 thiab 26, uas pib Loos txoj kev kav 360 xyoo los ntawm nws lub chaw dawb huv uas yog nws lub chaw ruaj khov. Nrog nqe kaum plaub ua ib lo lus ceeb toom, zaj keeb kwm ntawm Loos pagan txij nqe kaum rau mus txog rau kev hloov mus rau Loos papal hauv nqe peb caug ib yog txoj kab tiav ntawm Loos pagan. Txoj kab ntawd raug faib ua peb ntu. Nqe kaum rau txog nees nkaum ob yog txoj kab ntawm Loos txoj kev muaj hwj chim tshaj cov Yixayee thaum ub. Nqe nees nkaum peb thiab nees nkaum plaub qhia txog txoj haujlwm txhim tsa lub teb chaws loj uas Loos siv thaum nws kov yeej los ntawm kev sib koom tes thiab daim ntawv cog lus, ua ke nrog lub zog tub rog. Nqe nees nkaum plaub mus txog rau kab lus kawg hauv nqe peb caug ib yog ib txoj kab ob feem uas sawv cev rau ib lub sijhawm thaum Loos tsa nws tus kheej kom siab, ces thiaj muaj ib qho kev poob.

The “time appointed” is the conclusion of the 360 years in the year 330. Verses twenty-seven unto the last phrase of verse thirty-one, which identifies when the papal power, represented as the abomination that maketh desolate was placed on the throne in 538 is the history of pagan Rome in the context of the period of three hundred and sixty years of supreme rule, which is then followed by two hundred and eight years of a progressive fall.

“Lub sijhawm uas tau teem tseg” yog qhov xaus ntawm 360 xyoo nyob rau xyoo 330. Nqe nees nkaum xya mus txog rau kab lus kawg ntawm nqe peb caug ib, uas qhia tias thaum twg lub hwjchim papal, uas sawv cev ua yam qias vuab tsuab uas ua kom puam tsuaj, raug tsa rau saum lub zwm txwv nyob rau xyoo 538, yog keeb kwm ntawm Loos pagan nyob hauv lub ntsiab lus ntawm lub sijhawm peb puas rau caum xyoo ntawm txoj kev kav loj kawg nkaus, uas tom qab ntawd yog raws los ntawm ob puas yim xyoo ntawm kev poob nqis zuj zus.

Therefore the “time” of verse twenty-four begins in 31 BC with an addition of the king of the south to the domain of the king of the north, and it ends in 330 with a division of the king of the north into east and west. From 330 unto 538 pagan Rome progressively falls apart. The various prophetic identifications associated with the various steps of demise of pagan Rome are the prophetic anchors that allow the student of prophecy to recognize God’s prophetic Word. In fulfillment of verse fourteen of Daniel eleven, Rome establishes the vision, and one of the ways that it does that very thing is through its fall. The verse states, “also the robbers of thy people shall exalt themselves to establish the vision; but they shall fall.”

Vim li ntawd, “lub sijhawm” ntawm nqe nees nkaum plaub pib rau xyoo 31 BC nrog kev ntxiv tus vajntxwv sab qab teb rau hauv tus vajntxwv sab qaum teb lub tebchaws, thiab nws xaus rau xyoo 330 nrog kev faib tus vajntxwv sab qaum teb ua sab hnub tuaj thiab sab hnub poob. Txij xyoo 330 mus txog 538, Loos pagan maj mam tawg ua tej feem. Ntau yam kev cim qhia raws lus faj lem uas txuas nrog ntau kauj ruam ntawm Loos pagan txoj kev poob qis yog cov chaw nres ruaj khov ntawm lus faj lem uas pub rau tus kawm txog lus faj lem kom paub Vajtswv Txojlus Faj Lem. Hauv kev ua tiav ntawm Daniyee kaum ib nqe kaum plaub, Loos tsa lub zeem muag kom ruaj, thiab ib txoj hauv kev uas nws ua qhov ntawd yog los ntawm nws txoj kev poob. Nqe ntawd hais tias, “kuj muaj cov tub sab ntawm koj haiv neeg yuav tsa lawv tus kheej kom tsa lub zeem muag kom ruaj; tiam sis lawv yuav poob.”

When Rome is attacked by the ships of Chittim, and thereafter attacks the south, it was not as the either the former or the latter, for from here onward the fall of the Roman power is being portrayed. The first four trumpets of the seven trumpets of Revelation found in chapter eight specifically describe the four major powers that ultimately brought Western Rome to a conclusion by 476. The vision is established when the robbers of thy people exalt themselves and fall. The prophetic vision is illustrated upon the framework of Rome’s fall. Western pagan Rome fell from 330 unto 538. Papal Rome fell in 1798. In the history of the fifth and sixth trumpet Eastern Rome fell to the Ottoman Turks in 1453. Those three falls are part of the vision that is established by the robbers of thy people.

Thaum Loos raug cov nkoj ntawm Chittim tawm tsam, thiab tom qab ntawd nws tawm tsam sab qab teb, ces nws tsis zoo ib yam li yav dhau los thawj zaug lossis tom qab kawg, vim txij ntawm no mus qhov kev poob ntawm lub hwjchim Loos tab tom raug piav qhia. Plaub lub suab raj thawj ntawm xya lub suab raj hauv Phau Ntawv Qhia Tshwm, uas nyob hauv tshooj yim, piav qhia meej txog plaub lub hwjchim loj uas thaum kawg tau coj Loos Sab Hnub Poob mus txog nws qhov xaus rau xyoo 476. Txoj kev yog toog pom raug tsa ruaj thaum cov neeg tub sab ntawm koj haiv neeg tsa lawv tus kheej siab thiab poob. Txoj kev yog toog pom cev qhia raug nthuav tawm saum lub qauv ntawm Loos txoj kev poob. Loos Sab Hnub Poob uas yog neeg txawv tebchaws pe hawm mlom tau poob txij xyoo 330 mus txog 538. Loos uas yog papal tau poob rau xyoo 1798. Hauv keeb kwm ntawm lub suab raj thib tsib thiab thib rau, Loos Sab Hnub Tuaj tau poob rau cov Ottoman Turks rau xyoo 1453. Peb txoj kev poob ntawd yog ib feem ntawm txoj kev yog toog pom uas raug tsa ruaj los ntawm cov neeg tub sab ntawm koj haiv neeg.

The verse states, “also the robbers of thy people shall exalt themselves to establish the vision; but they shall fall.” From 31 BC to 330 pagan Rome “exalted themselves” in their supremacy over the world. From 330 to 538 pagan Rome fell away to prepare for the man of sin to be seated in the temple of God, proclaiming himself to be God. From 538 unto 1798 the papal power “exalted themselves,” and in 1798 they fell. From 31 BC to 330 Western Rome “exalted” that it was the center of the Roman empire, and from 330 unto 476 it fell. In 330 Constantine exalted that Constantinople was the center of Eastern Rome and in 1453 Eastern Rome fell. The periods of the various representations of Rome, each possess a period where Rome exalts, followed by a period illustrating its fall, for “the robbers of thy people shall exalt themselves to establish the vision; but they shall fall.”

Nqe vajlugkub no hais tias, “thiab cov tub sab nyiag ntawm koj haiv neeg yuav tsa lawv tus kheej siab kom tsa tau lub zeem muag; tiam sis lawv yuav poob.” Txij xyoo 31 BC mus txog 330 Loos haiv neeg pe dab qhuas “tsa lawv tus kheej siab” hauv lawv txoj kev kav loj tshaj saum lub ntiaj teb. Txij 330 mus txog 538 Loos haiv neeg pe dab qhuas poob nqes mus los npaj txoj hau kev rau tus neeg ntawm kev txhaum los zaum rau hauv lub tuam tsev ntawm Vajtswv, tshaj tawm tias nws tus kheej yog Vajtswv. Txij 538 mus txog 1798 lub hwj chim papal “tsa lawv tus kheej siab,” thiab xyoo 1798 lawv poob lawm. Txij xyoo 31 BC mus txog 330 Loos Sab Hnub Poob “tsa siab” tias nws yog lub chaw nruab nrab ntawm lub teb chaws Loos, thiab txij 330 mus txog 476 nws poob. Xyoo 330 Constantine tsa siab tias Constantinople yog lub chaw nruab nrab ntawm Loos Sab Hnub Tuaj thiab xyoo 1453 Loos Sab Hnub Tuaj poob. Cov sijhawm ntawm ntau yam kev sawv cev ntawm Loos, txhua yam nyias muaj ib ntu uas Loos tsa nws tus kheej siab, tom qab ntawd muaj ib ntu qhia txog nws txoj kev poob, rau qhov “cov tub sab nyiag ntawm koj haiv neeg yuav tsa lawv tus kheej siab kom tsa tau lub zeem muag; tiam sis lawv yuav poob.”

The Hebrew word translated as “robbers” is better translated as “breakers” for it aligns more closely with the root’s primary sense—to break through or disrupt—rather than strictly “robbers” (which implies theft). The term suggests those who fracture boundaries, laws, or covenants, not just steal goods. Rome is the breaker in Bible prophecy, though it is translated as “robbers” in verse fourteen. In Daniel chapter two Rome is the iron kingdom, and then in chapter seven the fourth beast is also Rome.

Lo lus Henplais uas raug txhais tias yog “tub sab nyiag” yuav txhais kom raug dua ua “cov uas rhuav” vim nws phim ze dua rau lub hauv paus ntsiab lus tseem ceeb—uas yog txeeb hla lossis cuam tshuam kom tawg—tsis yog tsuas yog “tub sab nyiag” xwb (uas qhia txog kev nyiag). Lo lus no qhia txog cov uas rhuav ciam teb, kev cai lij choj, lossis tej lus cog tseg, tsis yog tsuas yog nyiag khoom xwb. Loos yog tus uas rhuav hauv Vajlugkub tej lus faj lem, txawm yog hauv nqe kaum plaub nws raug txhais ua “tub sab nyiag” los xij. Hauv Daniyee tshooj ob, Loos yog lub nceeg vaj hlau, ces hauv tshooj xya tus tsiaj qus plaub kuj yog Loos thiab.

After this I saw in the night visions, and behold a fourth beast, dreadful and terrible, and strong exceedingly; and it had great iron teeth: it devoured and brake in pieces, and stamped the residue with the feet of it: and it was diverse from all the beasts that were before it; and it had ten horns. Daniel 7:7.

Tom qab tej no kuv pom hauv tej yog toog hmo ntuj, thiab saib seb, muaj ib tug tsiaj qus plaub, txaus ntshai thiab txaus txig, thiab muaj hwj chim loj kawg nkaus; thiab nws muaj tej hniav hlau loj: nws nqos devour thiab zom ua tej daim, thiab tsuj yam seem nrog nws ob txhais ko taw: thiab nws txawv ntawm txhua tug tsiaj qus uas nyob ua ntej nws; thiab nws muaj kaum tug kub. Daniyee 7:7.

The fourth beast–which is Rome–has “iron” teeth, for it is the same fourth kingdom represented as iron in chapter two. In verse seven the fourth beast of Rome “breaks in pieces,” and when it breaks in pieces it “stamped the residue with the feet of it.” The beast of Rome is the iron kingdom and the characteristic of braking in pieces and stamping the residue represents the act of persecution. The persecution brought upon ancient Israel was a “sign.”

Tus tsiaj qus plaub—uas yog Loos—muaj hniav “hlau,” rau qhov nws yog tib lub nceeg vaj plaub uas tau sawv cev ua hlau hauv tshooj ob. Hauv nqe xya, tus tsiaj qus plaub ntawm Loos “rhuav ua tej thooj,” thiab thaum nws rhuav ua tej thooj lawm, nws kuj “tsuj cov seem uas tshuav nrog nws ob txhais ko taw.” Tus tsiaj qus ntawm Loos yog lub nceeg vaj hlau, thiab tus cwj pwm ntawm kev rhuav ua tej thooj thiab tsuj cov seem uas tshuav ntawd sawv cev rau txoj haujlwm ntawm kev tsim txom. Txoj kev tsim txom uas raug coj los rau saum cov Yixayee thaum ub yog ib “lub cim.”

Moreover all these curses shall come upon thee, and shall pursue thee, and overtake thee, till thou be destroyed; because thou hearkenedst not unto the voice of the Lord thy God, to keep his commandments and his statutes which he commanded thee: And they shall be upon thee for a sign and for a wonder, and upon thy seed forever. Because thou servedst not the Lord thy God with joyfulness, and with gladness of heart, for the abundance of all things; Therefore shalt thou serve thine enemies which the Lord shall send against thee, in hunger, and in thirst, and in nakedness, and in want of all things: and he shall put a yoke of iron upon thy neck, until he have destroyed thee. The Lord shall bring a nation against thee from far, from the end of the earth, as swift as the eagle flieth; a nation whose tongue thou shalt not understand; A nation of fierce countenance, which shall not regard the person of the old, nor shew favour to the young. Deuteronomy 28:45–50.

Tsis tas li ntawd, txhua lo lus foom phem no yuav los raug rau koj, thiab yuav caum koj, thiab yuav ntes cuag koj, mus txog thaum koj raug rhuav tshem lawm; vim koj tsis mloog tus Tswv uas yog koj tus Vajtswv lub suab, tsis ceev nws tej lus txib thiab nws tej kevcai uas nws tau txib rau koj: Thiab tej no yuav nyob saum koj ua ib lub cim thiab ua ib yam txujci xav tsis thoob, thiab nyob saum koj caj ces mus ibtxhis. Vim koj tsis tau ua haujlwm rau tus Tswv uas yog koj tus Vajtswv nrog kev xyiv fab, thiab nrog lub siab kaj siab lug, vim yog txhua yam nplua mias; Yog li ntawd koj yuav tau ua haujlwm rau koj cov yeeb ncuab uas tus Tswv yuav xa tuaj tawm tsam koj, hauv kev tshaib plab, thiab hauv kev nqhis dej, thiab hauv kev liab qab, thiab hauv kev tsis muaj txhua yam: thiab nws yuav muab ib tug quab hlau tso rau saum koj caj dab, mus txog thaum nws tau rhuav tshem koj lawm. Tus Tswv yuav coj ib haivneeg tuaj tawm tsam koj ntawm qhov deb, ntawm qhov kawg nkaus ntawm lub ntiajteb, ceev npaum li tus dav ya tuaj; yog ib haivneeg uas nws hom lus koj yuav tsis nkag siab; Yog ib haivneeg muaj ntsej muag txaus ntshai, uas yuav tsis hwm tus laus, thiab yuav tsis hlub tshua tus hluas. Deuteronomy 28:45–50.

The curses upon ancient Israel brought about by their rebellion are a “sign and a wonder, and upon thy seed forever.” The curse was to be brought upon them with “a nation of fierce countenance.” The beast with iron teeth that “breaks in pieces and stamps the residue” in chapter seven is also the fourth kingdom which proceeds from the division of Alexander’s kingdom, and just as with Moses in Deuteronomy, that kingdom is a nation whose tongue ancient Israel would not understand. The kingdom of Rome in Daniel chapter eight is a nation of fierce countenance and a nation who speaks a different language.

Cov lus foom phem uas poob los rau cov Yixayee puag thaum ub vim lawv txoj kev ntxeev siab yog “ib lub cim thiab ib qho txuj ci tseem ceeb, thiab nyob saum koj caj ces mus ib txhis.” Qhov kev foom ntawd yuav raug coj los saum lawv los ntawm “ib haiv neeg muaj ntsej muag txaus ntshai.” Tus tsiaj nyaum uas muaj hniav hlau uas “zom tej yam kom tawg ua tej daim thiab tsuj tus seem” nyob hauv tshooj xya kuj yog lub nceeg vaj plaub uas tawm los ntawm kev faib lub nceeg vaj ntawm Alexander, thiab ib yam li hauv Mauxes hauv Kevcai 5, lub nceeg vaj ntawd yog ib haiv neeg uas hais ib hom lus uas cov Yixayee puag thaum ub yuav tsis to taub. Lub nceeg vaj Loos hauv Daniyee tshooj yim yog ib haiv neeg muaj ntsej muag txaus ntshai thiab yog ib haiv neeg uas hais lwm hom lus.

Now that being broken, whereas four stood up for it, four kingdoms shall stand up out of the nation, but not in his power. And in the latter time of their kingdom, when the transgressors are come to the full, a king of fierce countenance, and understanding dark sentences, shall stand up. Daniel 8:22, 23.

Tam sim no uas twb raug lov ntawd lawm, hos plaub tug uas sawv los hloov nws chaw, ces yuav muaj plaub lub tebchaws sawv tawm hauv haiv neeg ntawd los, tiamsis tsis yog nyob hauv nws lub hwjchim. Thiab thaum txog lub caij kawg ntawm lawv lub tebchaws, thaum cov neeg txhaum ncav puv npo lawm, ib tug vajntxwv uas ntsejmuag tsiv tsawv thiab txawj to taub tej lus tob tob yuav sawv los. Daniel 8:22, 23.

The “robbers (breakers) of thy people” establish the vision, they exalt themselves and they fall. The fourth iron kingdom was pagan Rome who ruled supremely when exalting themselves, but whose ultimate fall became a prophetic characteristic which establishes the vision. They are breakers for they trample down God’s people through persecution.

Cov “tub sab (cov rhuav)” ntawm koj haiv neeg tsa kom muaj lub zeem muag ruaj khov; lawv tsa lawv tus kheej siab, thiab lawv poob. Lub nceeg vaj hlau thib plaub yog Loos pe dab qhuas uas kav nrog hwjchim loj kawg thaum lawv tsa lawv tus kheej siab, tab sis lawv txoj kev poob thaum kawg thiaj los ua ib yam ntxwv cev Vajtswv lus uas tsa kom muaj lub zeem muag ruaj khov. Lawv yog cov rhuav, vim lawv tsuj thiab rhuav tshem Vajtswv haiv neeg los ntawm kev tsim txom.

We will continue this study in the next article.

Peb yuav txuas ntxiv txoj kev kawm no rau hauv tsab xov xwm tom ntej.