Ebyafa Ekwese mu Lunyiriri Olw’Ana mu Munaana - Ennamba Ekkumi n’Omukaaga

Ensonga Jones gy’awa nti malayika asooka ow’omu Okubikkulirwa essuula ey’ekkumi n’ennya tayinza kwawulibwa ku bamalayika ababiri abamuddirira nnywevu ddala. Okulaga kwe enkolagana y’ensengeka wakati w’abamalayika abo abasatu n’abamalayika ab’amakondeere tekusobola kuwakanyizibwa n’akatono. Awatali kubuusabuusa, essira lye lyali ku bamalayika abasatu ab’omu Okubikkulirwa essuula ey’ekkumi n’ennya, naye ensonga ey’okubatwala nga “abatasobola kwawulibwa” ekola kyenkanyi ne ku bamalayika bonna abaabasooka.

Olw’okuba yali atadde essira ku bamalayika abasatu ab’omu Okubikkulirwa essuula ey’ekkumi n’ennya, teyagoberera nsengeka ye yennyini ey’ensonga okutuuka ku nkomerero yaayo. Ku nkomerero, ensengeka y’ensonga gye yakozesa okukwataganya amakondeere ag’akabi ag’okutaano, ag’omukaaga n’ag’omusanvu n’abamalayika abasatu ab’omu Okubikkulirwa essuula ey’ekkumi n’ennya era yalimu okulondoola olunyiriri lw’amakondeere okuddayo ddala ku malayika asooka ku bamalayika omusanvu abafuuwa amakondeere.

Omuddiring’anwa gwa bamalayika gutandika ne bamalayika “omusanvu” ab’amakondeere, era olunyiriri lwa bamalayika mu Kubikkulirwa lutandikira ku kkondeere erisooka ne lweyongerayo ddala okutuuka ku kulabula kwa malayika ow’okusatu okukwata ku kabonero k’ensolo. Jones mutuufu mu kulaga enjawulo eri wakati w’amakondeere ana agasooka n’amakondeere asatu agasembayo ag’ennaku, kubanga ensengeka eyo ey’obunnabbi eya “nnya ne ssatu” esangibwa ne mu makanisa ne mu nvumbo. Okukakasa kino nga kwesigamizibwa ku bajulizi basatu mu kitabo ky’Okubikkulirwa kusobozesa abo ababa bakyagadde okulaba nti omuwendo musanvu ng’akabonero nagwo gulimu omuwendo nnya ng’akabonero n’omuwendo ssatu ng’akabonero.

Kye tubadde tulaga mu kiseera ekyaakayita kiri nti malayika asooka ne malayika owokubiri ab’omu Okubikkulirwa ekkumi n’ennya baweebwa amaanyi obunnabbi obw’ekiseera obukwata ku Busiraamu mu kabi akasooka n’akokubiri, era nti okuweebwa amaanyi kwa malayika owokusatu kutuukirizibwa olw’okutuukirira kw’akabi akokusatu ku 9/11. Enkozesa ya Jones eraga (newankubadde nga teyaggyayo nsonga yange) nti buli malayika, okuva ku malayika w’ekkondeere erisooka ow’omu Okubikkulirwa munaana okutuuka ku kkondeere ery’akabi akokusatu ery’omu Okubikkulirwa kkumi n’emu, akwatagana ne bamalayika abasatu ab’omu Okubikkulirwa ekkumi n’ennya mu ngeri etayinza kwawulwamu. Bubonero obuli mu lunyiriri lumu olw’obunnabbi. Balina okutegeerwa bwe batyo okusobola okutegeera emirimu egy’enjawulo buli omu ku bamalayika gy’akiikirira. Kale, nga amakanisa omusanvu, envumbo n’amakondeere bwe bikiikirira omuwendo gwa musanvu, era n’akabonero k’ennya n’essatu mu bubonero obw’awamu obw’omusanvu (amakanisa, envumbo n’amakondeere), olunyiriri lwa bamalayika okuva ku asooka ku bamalayika omusanvu ab’amakondeere okutuukira ddala ku malayika owokusatu lulina okutunuulirwa nga lulamba. Kino kiraga olunyiriri lwa bamalayika kkumi n’omu.

Bamalayika abasatu ab’omu Okubikkulirwa essuula ekkumi n’ennya bakiikirira obubaka obw’okulabula obw’Abamillerite obwalangirira okutandika kw’omusango, era oluvannyuma obubaka obw’okulabula obw’emitwalo kikumi mu enkumi ana mu enkumi nnya obulangirira okuggala kw’omusango.

Amakondeere omusanvu gategeeza amaanyi Katonda ge yakozesa mu ngeri ey’obwakabaka bwe okuleta omusango ku mawanga agaawaliriza okusinza enjuba.

Amakondeere anaasooka ana gaasooka ganjaaza okwonooneka okw’Obwakabaka bwa Rooma obw’Ebugwanjuba obweyongera mpolampola okutuuka ku mwaka 476.

Ekyokutaano n’eky’omukaaga biraga okugwa kw’Obwakabaka bwa Rooma obw’Ebuvanjuba okuva mu 1449 okutuuka mu 1453.

Amakondeererwa asatu agasembayo gakiikirira Obusiraamu obw’obulabe obusatu.

Malayika ali mu Okubikkulirwa essuula ey’ekkumi ye Kristo, akka okuwa ekisinde amaanyi ku ntandikwa, era addamu okukka mu Okubikkulirwa essuula ey’ekkumi n’omunaana okuwa ekisinde amaanyi ku nkomerero.

Ekkondeere ery’omusanvu lyatandika okuvuga nga 22 Okitobba 1844, ku ntandikwa y’okusala omusango, nga kuno lwe Lunaku olw’Okutangirira olutuukiriza olw’ekifaananyi. Ekkondeere erya Jjubiri lyali lya kufuuyibwa ku Lunaku olw’Okutangirira. N’olwekyo, amakondeere abiri gafuuyibwa mu kiseera eky’okusala omusango: ekkondeere erya Jjubiri n’ekkondeere ery’omusanvu.

Embeera eyawula okusasaana kwa Isiraeri okumala “ebiseera musanvu,” eri mu ssuula eddirira ddala mu Eby’Abaleevi, etegeezebwa mu nnyiriri ezikulembera ekiragiro eky’okufuuwa ekkondeere erya Yubireyo ku Lunaku olw’Okutangirirwa.

Miller bwe yategeera omusango ogwatuusibwa ku Isiraeri olw’okumenya okuwummula kwa Ssabbiiti okw’ensi mu ssuula ey’amakumi abiri mu mukaaga, yakozesa enkola nti olunaku lukiikirira omwaka, n’azuula nti omwaka gulimu ennaku ebikumi bisatu mu nkaaga, era nti emirundi musanvu egy’ebikumi bisatu mu nkaaga gyali myaka enkumi bbiri mu bina mu abiri egy’okubonerezebwa olw’okumenya endagaano. Eryo lyali ge mazima agasooka ag’obunnabbi ge yazuula. Gwe musingi gw’amazima agaakola omusingi Kristo gwe yassaawo okuyita mu mulimu gwa Miller. Ettulumba lya Yubireewo kulangirira kununulibwa n’obwanjulu.

Engombe ey’omusanvu ye Busiraamu obw’akabonero ak’okusatu.

Ekkondeere ery’omusanvu ery’Obusiraamu ge mazima ag’obunnabbi ag’ebweru, era ekkondeere ery’Yobuuli ge mazima ag’obunnabbi ag’omunda ag’okugololwa olw’okukkiriza—okununulibwa okuva mu kibi, nga Sister White bw’agamba nti ye malayika ow’okusatu mu mazima. Mu kiseera ekkondeere ery’omusanvu lwe liriko likubibwa, ekyama kya Kristo mu mmwe essuubi ery’ekitiibwa kirituukirizibwa ddala, nga Kristo agatta Obwakatonda bwe n’obuntu bw’abo akakadde kikumi mu enkumi ana mu bunaana. Abo oluvannyuma abanaafuna akabonero ka Katonda balirangirira obubaka obw’ekkondeere obw’okulabula obukiikirirwa ng’ekizibu eky’okusatu era n’okulabula kwa malayika ow’okusatu. Ekizibu eky’okusatu kiwa amaanyi obubaka bwa malayika ow’okusatu, malayika oyo nga si mutume mulala wabula Yesu Kristo yennyini bw’akka ng’alina obubaka mu mukono gwe.

Bwe tumanya nti buno bwali obunnabbi obw’ebiseera obw’akabi akasooka n’akookubiri obwaweesa amaanyi obubaka bw’omumalayika ow’olubereberye, era nti obunnabbi bw’akabi akookusatu bwe buwa amaanyi obubaka bw’omumalayika ow’okusatu, tubeera tuzudde amakondeere ng’“emisango egyaletebwa ku Rooma ng’okuddamu eri okunyweza olunaku lwa Ssande.” Emisango egyo egy’obulabirizi bwa Katonda, naddala amakondeere asatu ag’enkomerero ag’akabi, gakwatagana era gakulandagana n’obubaka obw’okulabula obw’abamalayika abasatu ab’omu Okubikkulirwa essuula ya kkumi n’ennya. Obubi bubiri n’abamalayika babiri mu byafaayo eby’AbaMiraayi, n’akabi akookusatu n’omumalayika ow’okusatu mu byafaayo by’abo obukumi kikumi mu amakumi ana mu enkumi nnya. Mu byafaayo eby’olubereberye eby’omumalayika ow’olubereberye n’owookubiri, obubaka obw’okuggulwawo kw’omusango bwaweebwa amaanyi olw’okutuukirira kw’Obusiraamu obw’akabi akasooka n’akookubiri. Mu byafaayo eby’enkomerero eby’omumalayika ow’okusatu, obubaka obulangirira okuggala kw’omusango bwaweebwa amaanyi olw’okutuukirira kw’Obusiraamu obw’akabi akookusatu.

Amani agiweerwako ku ntandikwa ne ku nkomerero kaakiikirirwa malayika ow’omu Okubikkulirwa essuula eya kkumi n’eya kkumi n’omunaana, “eyali talina kuba mutukuvu mulala yenna wabula Yesu Kristo.” Obubaka obw’ebweru obw’Obusiraamu n’obubaka obw’omunda obw’omusango gwe mwereere ogw’akabonero ak’okusatu; era obubaka obw’omunda obw’omusango gwe mwereere ge mwereere gw’omumalayika ow’okusatu. Ekidongo eky’ebweru eky’Obusiraamu kye obunnabbi obw’emyaka enkumi bbiri mu binaana mu abiri (2520), era ekidongo eky’omunda eky’omumalayika ow’okusatu kye myaka enkumi bbiri mu bisatu (2300). Byombi byatuuka ne bivuga ku kutandika kw’omusango gw’abafu, era byombi ne bituuka nate ku kutandika kw’omusango gw’abalamu.

Malayika ow’Okubikkulirwa essuula ey’ekkumi yakkakka ku nga 11 Agosito, 1840 mu kutuukiriza obunnabbi obukwata ku Isiraamu; era bw’atyo, malayika oyo yali ekifaananyi eky’okukka kwa malayika ow’Okubikkulirwa essuula eya kkumi n’omunaana ng’atuukiriza obunnabbi obukwata ku Isiraamu. Okusalira kwa Katonda omusango ku bujeemu bw’etteeka lya Ssande mu 321, ate oluvannyuma nate mu 538, kulagibwa amakondeere omukaaga asooka; era okusalira kwe omusango ku bujeemu bw’etteeka lya Ssande obugenda okubaawo mu bbanga ettono kulagibwa ekkondeere ery’omusanvu, kwe kubonaabona okw’okusatu era era ye malayika ow’okusatu. Obubaka obulabula obw’okutandika kw’omusango nga 22 Okitobba, 1844, n’obubaka obulabula obw’omusango gw’abalamu ku 9/11, byombi byayitibwamu amaanyi malayika ow’omusanvu mu lukalala Jones lwe yateekawo. Malayika mukaaga ab’amakondeere mu ssuula ey’omunaana n’ey’omwenda; olwo mu ssuula ey’ekkumi malayika n’akka, atali wa wansi ku kubeera muntu mulala yenna wabula Yesu Kristo. Ye wa musanvu mu lukalala lwa bamalayika, era mu ssuula eya kkumi n’emu addirirwa kubonaabona okw’okusatu, kwe kkondeere ery’omusanvu eryatandika okuvuga mu 1844, naye nga ye wa munaana mu lunyiriri lwa bamalayika abaleeta eri ow’omwenda, ow’ekkumi, n’ow’ekkumi n’omu bamalayika mu Okubikkulirwa essuula eya kkumi n’ena.

Obubaka bwa malayika ow’okusatu tebuyinza kwawulibwa ku bubaka bwa bamalayika abaasooka n’owookubiri, naye era tebuyinza kwawulibwa ku makondeere musanvu ag’omusango gwa Katonda ku kujeemera okwava ku mazima. Amakondeere ana agaasooka ag’omusango mu ssuula ey’omunaana eya Okubikkulirwa galaga okuzikirira okw’egenda mu maaso okw’Obwakabaka bwa Rooma obw’ebugwanjuba oluvannyuma lw’etteeka lya Konsutantino eryasooka erya Ssande mu 321 era ne bitandika bwe yagabanya obwakabaka mu buvanjuba n’obugwanjuba mu 330.

Omusingi ogugamba nti okwewaggula kw’eggwanga ku Katonda kuleeta okuzikirira kwalyo gwatuukirira ku ggwanga lya Constantine, okutandikira ku makondeere ana agaasooka agaamalawo Rooma ey’Obugwanjuba omwaka 476 we gwatuukira. Rooma ey’Obuvanjuba yakoma mu 1453, wadde nga mu bunnabbi yali emaze okufiirwa obwetwaze bwayo ng’eggwanga nga Jjulaayi 27, 1449. Okwawukana ku Babulooni, eyawangulwa mu kiro kimu, Rooma, ey’Obugwanjuba n’ey’Obuvanjuba, yatuusibwa ku nkomerero yaayo mpolampola. Okuzikirira kwa Rooma ey’Obugwanjuba wansi w’amakondeere ana agaasooka omwaka 476 we gwatuukira kukiikirira okuzikirira kwa Amerika ey’Amawanga Amagatte wansi w’amakondeere ana, era kino, ku ddaala erimu, kikiikirira emirembe ena egya Amerika ey’Amawanga Amagatte egyatandika mu 1798 era egikoma ku tteeka lya Ssande. Emirembe egyo ena gikwatagana n’emirembe ena egy’Obwadiventi, egikwatagana n’amakanisa ana agaasooka ag’omu Kubikkulirwa essuula ey’okubiri, n’emizizo ena egyeyongera okusajjuka egiri mu Ezeekyeri essuula ey’omunaana, n’ebibinja bina eby’enseenene ebyaddiriŋŋana mu kitabo kya Yoweeri.

Amakondeere ag’okutaano n’ag’omukaaga gaagwisa Rooma ey’Ebuvanjuba, era Rooma ey’Ebuvanjuba, mu nkolagana yayo ey’obunnabbi ne Rooma ey’Ebugwanjuba, ekiikirira gavumenti. Rooma ey’Ebugwanjuba ekiikirira ekkanisa. Rooma ey’Ebugwanjuba era ekiikirira Amerika, esooka okuwangulwa, nga Rooma ey’Ebugwanjuba bwe yasooka okuwangulwa.

Ebikonde ebina ebisooka biraga emirembe ena egy’ebyafaayo bya Amerika, era Amerika bw’egwa, ensi ey’ekitiibwa ey’ennyiriri ana mu emu eya Danyeri kkumi n’emu ebeera yaakagwa, era ekiziyiza ekiddako ye Misiri, akabonero akalaga amawanga amalala gonna ag’ensi. Olwo Omukago gw’Amawanga Amagatte, be bakabaka ekkumi, bakkiriza okuwa obwakabaka bwabwe obw’omusanvu eri obwapapa, kubanga mu Okubikkulirwa kkumi na musanvu kigambibwa nti, “akaseera katono—essaawa emu.” Kino kibaawo ku kijjulo ky’amazaalibwa ga Kerode, bwe yeesuubiza ekitundu ky’obwakabaka bwe. Ku kijjulo ky’amazaalibwa ga Kerode, mu ssaawa eyo, okuwandiika ku bbugwe kulabika ku bbomera bwazo, era Berusazzaali attibwa. Essaawa eyo etuuka ku mateeka ga Ssande era egenda mu maaso okutuusa ekiseera ky’okugezesebwa kw’abantu lwe kiggwaako. Obwakabaka obw’omusanvu buwangulwa nga bwe bwalagirirwa mu kifaananyi ky’okuzikirira kwa bbugwe za Konsitanutinopoole ezaagwa mu 1453. Okuva ku tteeka lya Ssande mu Amerika, nga bwe kyakakasibwa mu kifaananyi kya 1449; okutuuka ku kugwa kwa Konsitanutinopoole mu 1453, myaka ena egy’akabonero. Obwapapa bwafuna ekiwundu kyabwo eky’okufa mu 1798.

Mu Danyeri kkumi n’emu olunyiriri olw’amakumi ana, obwapapa bwagwa mu 1798, mu kiseera eky’enkomerero. Awo kabaka ow’obukiikaddyo n’agwa mu 1989, mu kiseera eky’enkomerero. Amerika egwa mu lunyiriri olw’amakumi ana mu lumu ne Misiri egwa mu lunyiriri olw’amakumi ana mu bbiri era obwapapa butuuka ku kugwa kwabwo okw’okubiri era okw’enkomerero mu lunyiriri olw’amakumi ana mu ttaano.

Okugwa kwa Amerika eya Eggwanga Ebitagatta (nnabbi ow’obulimba) mu lunyiriri olw’ana mu lumu kwalagibwa mu kifaananyi kya 1449, era okugwa kwa Misiri (ogusota) mu lunyiriri olw’ana mu bbiri kwalagibwa mu kifaananyi kya 1453, era obwapapa (ensolo) butuuka ku nkomerero yaabwo nga tewali ayamba, nga kwalagibwa mu kifaananyi kya 1798. Nnabbi ow’obulimba n’ogusota bakkakkanyizibwa amaanyi g’amakondere, era ensolo ekkakkanyizibwa amaanyi g’ogusota.

Ennamba nnya kabonero k’okusasika kw’obwakabaka. Obwakabaka bwa Alekizanda bwasasikamu obwakabaka buna, era Misiri yagwa mu Nnyanja Emmyufu mu mulembe ogw’okuna, era Isiraeri evuunamira enjuba mu ky’omuzizo eky’okuna ekiri mu Ezeekyeri essuula ey’omunaana. Emirembe ena egy’Obupolotesitanti n’enkola y’obufuzi eya repabulika mu nsolo eva mu ttaka gyatandika mu 1798 era gikoma ku tteeka lya Ssande erinaatera okujja eri amayembe gombi. Ebibonerezo ebikambwe ebina Ezeekyeri by’ayogerako ebigwera Yerusaalemi biraga ebibonerezo bina ebigwera Amerika ey’Amasaza Amagatte, era ebibonerezo ebyo ebina ebigwera obwakabaka obw’omukaaga obwogerwako mu bunnabbi bwa Bayibuli bikiikirira emyaka ena okuva mu 1449 okutuuka mu 1453, obwakabaka obw’omusanvu obwogerwako mu bunnabbi bwa Bayibuli we bukkiriza okuwa obwapaapa ekitundu ky’obwakabaka bwabwo mu nkolagana wakati w’ekkanisa ne gavumenti, enkolagana efugibwa omwenzi w’e Ttuulo.

Emyaka ena egya 1449 okutuuka ku 1453 gikiikirira okugwa kw’obwakabaka obw’omusanvu ku tteeka lya Ssande, era nate gikiikirira ekiseera eky’okugwa kw’obwakabaka obw’omunaana okuva ku tteeka lya Ssande okutuuka ku nkomerero y’ekiseera eky’ekisa. Okuwangula Misiri, ye nsi era era ye nnamba ey’omusota eweereddwa obwapapa, kye kifaananyi eky’okuddamu ekiri ku ntandikwa y’ekiseera ekikiikirizibwa emyaka ena okuva mu 1449 okutuuka mu 1453. Kino kiraga okugwa kwa Konsitantinopoole ku tteeka lya Ssande, era nate nate nga Mikayiri ayimiridde. Mikayiri bw’ayimirira, bamalayika abana bayimbulwa mu bujjuvu ng’okuluŋŋamizibwa bwe kugamba.

Ebitundu bina eby’obwakabaka bwa Alekizanda, amakondeere ana ku Rooma ey’Obugwanjuba, empewo nnya eziteebwa ku Rooma ey’Obuvanjuba, ebibonerezo ebina ebikakali ku Yerusaalemi, empewo nnya eziteebwa ng’obwapapa butuuka ku nkomerero yaabwo nga tewali abuyamba. Nga tumaze okulaga obubonero buno obw’obunnabbi, tujja kwekenneenya akabi ak’okubiri mu ngeri gye kakwatamu ku kiseera ky’etteeka lya Ssande erinaatera okujja.

Mu 1439, ku Lukiiko lwa Florence (eraayitibwa era Obwegatte bwa Florence), abakiise b’Ekkanisa y’Ab’Orthodox ey’Ebuvanjuba (nga bakulembeddwamu Omufuzi w’Obwakabaka bwa Byzantine, John VIII Palaiologos, ne Patriarch wa Constantinople) baateeka omukono ku kiragiro ekitongole eky’obwegatte ne Kkanisa ya Rooma Katolika. Baakkiriza okutegeera Paapa wa Rooma ng’omutwe (obuyinza obusinga obw’awaggulu) bw’Ekkanisa yonna.

Kabaka ne Patriyaaka baakkiriza “Filioque clause” mu Kikkiriza kya Nikeya, ekyali ekyongerwako ku Kikkiriza kya Nikeya, nga kigamba nti Omwoyo Omutukuvu ava eri Kitaffe ne eri Omwana. Ekikkiriza kya Nikeya kye kimu ku byokulangirira eby’obukkiriza ebisinga obukulu era ebisinga okukozesebwa mu byafaayo by’Obukkiriza obwa Katuuliki. Ekikkiriza kya Nikeya kifunze ekitegekeddwa mu butongole eky’enzikiriza enkulu ez’Obukkiriza obwa Katuuliki. Mu kusooka kyawandiikibwa okukuuma amazima agakwata ku oyo Yesu Kristo gwe yali. Mu mwaka 325, waabuka empaka enkulu kubanga kabona eyayitibwanga Ariyo yayigiriza nti Yesu yatondebwa Katonda Kitaffe era nti teyali Katonda mu bujjuvu.

Kabaka Constantine yayita Olukiiko Olusooka olw’e Nicaea okugonjoola ensonga eyo. Olukiiko lwakkaatiriza nti Yesu Katonda mu bujjuvu, “ow’obutonde obumu” ne Kitaawe. Enzikiriza eyo oluvannyuma yagaziwa ku Lukiiko lw’e Constantinople mu mwaka 381. Wano kisaana okwetegereza nti Enzikiriza y’e Nicaea yateekebwawo mu byafaayo bya Constantine eyasooka, era yandibadde ensonga eri Constantine eyasembayo, nga ye Constantine ow’ekkumi n’omu, eyali Kabaka eyasembayo ow’Obwakabaka bwa Byzantine obw’ebuvanjuba. Constantine Omukulu, eyali ow’olubereberye, ayanjulwa enfunda n’enfunda ng’omu ku abo aboogerwako mu bunnabbi bwa Bayibuli. Ye mufuzi ow’oku ntandikwa y’obwakabaka obw’ebuvanjuba, era n’olwekyo ye kifaananyi ky’omufuzi ow’oku nkomerero y’obwakabaka obw’ebuvanjuba. Omuyizi w’obunnabbi ateekwa okwetegereza nti Enzikiriza y’e Nicaea kimu ku bintu ebisangibwa mu byafaayo byombi, eby’entandikwa n’eby’enkomerero, bw’aba ng’ategeera omusingi gwa alufa ne omega.

Mu mwaka gwa 381, Endagaano y’e Nicaea yalongoosebwaamu n’ensomesa ya Purigatoori, ensomesa y’Eukaristiya, awamu n’okukkiriza okukozesa emigaati egitazimbulukusiddwa mu Eukaristiya, nga kuno kwali kukola kwa Balatini. Endagaano ya 381 era yakkiriza okutegeera okw’Abakatoliki ku kibi eky’ensibuko n’obulamu oluvannyuma lw’okufa. Yakomya n’olunyiriri luno olw’omugaso: “Era tutegeka nti ekitebe ekitukuvu eky’obutume n’Opaapa ow’e Rooma birina obukulu obusooka ku nsi yonna era ye mukuumi omutuufu wa Kristo.”

Ku Lukiiko lwa Florence, enkyusa endala eyazzibwa obuggya yassibwako omukono nga 6 Julayi 1439, emyaka 14 nga gikyaliwo nga Constantinople tennagwa mu mikono gy’Abaturuki Abawotoma mu 1453. Obumu obwo bwassibwako omukono wansi w’akanyigo ak’amaanyi aka bya bufuzi. Obwakabaka bwa Byzantine bwali mu mbeera ya kusoberwa nnyo nga bunoonya obuyambi obw’amagye okuva e Bugwanjuba okulwanyisa Abawotoma abaali bagenda mu maaso. Abakwasi b’e Buyonaani bwe baakomawo ewaabwe, endagaano eyo yagaanyibwa nnyo abasinga obungi ku bakabona, ba monaaki, n’abantu aba bulijjo mu Buvanjuba. Abasinga obungi ku basabasumba abaagissibwako omukono oluvannyuma baaggyayo obuwagizi bwabwe. Obumu obwo tebwateekebwa mu nkola mu bujjuvu, era ne bugaanyibwa mu butongole Ekkanisa y’Ab’Orthodox ey’E Buvanjuba mu myaka egyaddirira. Mu kiseera Constantinople lwe yagwa mu 1453, obumu obwo bwali bumaze dda okugwa n’okutaataganyizibwa mu mazima. Emirundi mingi bannabyafaayo bakunnyonnyola ng’obumu obw’ebyobufuzi obwajeemera olw’okuziyizibwa okw’amaanyi okw’eby’eddiini, okw’obuwangwa, n’okw’abantu aba bulijjo.

Mu Lukiiko lw’e Nicaea olwasooka olwatuula mu mwaka 325, Enzikiriza y’e Nicaea yayisibwa. Kino kirambibwa nga kyaliwo emyaka etaano ng’omwaka 330 tegunnatuuka, emyaka 360 egyogerwako mu Danyeri essuula ey’ekkumi n’emu, olunyiriri olw’amakumi abiri mu nnya, egyakiikirirwa nga “ekiseera” lwe gyaggwaako.

Emyaka 31 nga Kristo tannazaalibwa ne 330 gyombi giraga “ekiseera ekyagerekebwa” ekyogerwako mu nnyiriri amakumi abiri mu musanvu n’amakumi abiri mu mwenda ez’essuula ey’ekkumi n’emu eya Danyeri.

Entandikwa (330) n’enkomerero (1449–1453) y’olunyiriri lw’obunnabbi olwa Rooma ey’Ebuvanjuba bikiikirirwa ssebakabaka eyasooka n’eyasembayo, bombi abaayitibwa Constantine. Alufa ne Omega by’olunyiriri lw’obunnabbi olwa Rooma ey’Ebuvanjuba, eyitibwa Obwakabaka bwa Byzantium, bikwatagana n’okukoma kw’emyaka ebikumi bisatu mu nkaaga Rooma eyafugibwanga bassebakabaka gye yamala ng’efuga n’obuyinza obw’oku ntikko, okuva ku lutalo lw’e Actium mu mwaka 31 nga Kristo tannazaalibwa okutuuka mu mwaka 330, n’oluvannyuma okweyongerayo okutuuka mu 1453. Olutalo lw’e Actium olw’omu mwaka 31 nga Kristo tannazaalibwa bwe lwali terunnabaawo, Mark Antony ne Augustus Caesar baayogera eby’obulimba ku mmeeza emu, naye eby’obulimba ebyo tebyatuukirira. Ng’omwaka 330 tegunnatuuka, mu mwaka 325, Ekyokukkiriza ky’e Nicaea kyakkirizibwa. Ng’omwaka 1453 tegunnatuuka, enkyusa eyalongoosebwamu ey’Ekyokukkiriza ky’e Nicaea kye kimu kyennyini yakkirizibwa. Ng’omwaka 31 nga Kristo tannazaalibwa tegunnatuuka, bannabyabufuzi babiri baayogera eby’obulimba ku mmeeza emu. Mu mwaka 325 eby’obulimba eby’omwoyo byayogerwa ku mmeeza emu. Abajulirwa abo ababiri balaga eby’obulimba mu byobufuzi ne mu by’omwoyo ebyakkirizibwa mu mwaka 1439 mu Lukiiko lw’e Florence. Ekyokukkiriza ky’e Nicaea ekyo ekyalongoosebwamu kyayitibwa Ekiragiro ky’Okwegatta.

Akabonero k’ekkubo akasooka ak’obulimba ku mmeeza emu kaaliwo ng’omwaka 31 nga Kristo tannazaalibwa tegunnatuuka, era kaali wakati w’ebibinja bibiri eby’ebyobufuzi ebya Rooma ey’obukaafiiri. Ekiseera ekyagerekerwa obulimba obwo kyali mu mwaka 31 nga Kristo tannazaalibwa, era kyalimu Augustus, eyali akabonero ka Rooma, ng’ayolekaganye n’omukago gw’omusajja n’omukazi abaali bakiikirira Misiri. Obulimba obw’omulundi ogwokubiri bwaliwo mu mwaka 325, era ekiseera ekyagerekebwa kyali mu mwaka 330. Obulimba obw’omulundi ogwokusatu bwaliwo mu mwaka 1439, era ekiseera ekyagerekebwa kyali mu myaka 1449–1453. Abaali ku mmeeza mu mwaka 1439 baali bakiikirira Rooma ey’Obugwanjuba ne Rooma ey’Obuvanjuba, nga Rooma ey’Obuvanjuba yali enoonya okutuukiriza ekigendererwa eky’ebyobufuzi ng’ekkiriza ensonga ey’eddiini. Omwaka 31 nga Kristo tannazaalibwa, ogwaddirirwa 330 ate oluvannyuma 1453, gulaga okukozesebwa kw’olunyiriri lwa Rooma emirundi esatu.

Akabi ak’ebyobufuzi akaava mu mukago gwa Mark Antony ne Cleopatra kaali kifaananyi eky’akabi ak’eby’omwoyo akaava mu njigiriza enkyamu eya Arius mu mwaka gwa 325, nga kano nako kaali kifaananyi eky’akabi ak’ebyobufuzi n’eddiini akaava mu Batuluuki Abasiraamu mu mwaka gwa 1439.

Enjigiriza ez’Endagaano ya Nikeya za bulimba, era tezirimu mazima gonna. Ekiwandiiko ekyassibwako emikono nga 6 Jjulaayi 1439, ku Lukiiko lwa Florence, kyayitibwa Ekiragiro ky’Obumu, era kyakiikiriranga obulimba obwo bwennyini n’obusingawo. Abakungu abaali batumiddwa bwe baakomawo e Constantinople mu 1439, baasanga basunguwalidde nnyo era nga babavunaana obulyamu. Ebigambo byatambula nti: “Waakiri ekiremba ky’Omutuluuki okusinga enkuufiira ya Paapa.”

Okwegatta kwassibwawo okusingira ddala kubanga Omulangira w’Abaebizantiyamu yali ayagala nnyo obuyambi bw’amagye okuva mu Bukiikaddyo bwa Buwarabu obw’ebugwanjuba okulwanyisa Abottomani. Bwe kyategeerekeka nti obuyambi bw’amagye butono nnyo (oba nga tewali n’akatono) obwali bugenda okujja, okuwagira okwegatta ne kuggwaamu ddala. Mu 1450–1451, sinodi eziwerako ez’Ebuvanjuba zaagaana okwegatta okwo, era oluvannyuma lwa Konsitantinopoli okugwa mu 1453, okwegatta ne kulekebwa ddala. Enkomerero yonna ey’Ekiragiro ky’Okwegatta eky’e Florence etwalibwa Ekkanisa y’Ab’Obusodokisi ey’Ebuvanjuba ng’olukiiko olwalemererwa era olwagaanyibwa. Terukkirizibwa ng’olutuufu. Wabula Ekkanisa ya Rooma Katolika ekyalutwala ng’olukiiko olw’ensi yonna olutuufu.

Tuteekawo ensengeka y’okulowooza etusobozesa okutegeera engeri obubonero bw’obunnabbi obw’ekibonyoobonyo ekyokubiri gye buddamu okulabika mu byafaayo by’ekibonyoobonyo ekyokusatu. Obunnabbi obw’emyaka kikumi mu ataano obw’ekibonyoobonyo ekisooka bwatandika nga 27 Jjulaayi 1299, ne bukoma nga 27 Jjulaayi 1449.

Constantine XI Palaiologos yazaalibwa mu 1404 era n’afuga okuva mu Jjanwali wa 1449 okutuusa nga 29 Maayi 1453. Ye yali empula eyasembayo ow’Obwakabaka bwa Rooma obw’Ebuvanjuba (obwa Byzantine), obwali bumaze emyaka egisukka mu 1,100. N’obuzira, yakulembera okulwanirira ekibuga Constantinople mu 1453, ab’Ottoman bwe baali bakizingizza, ng’alina abantu nga 7,000 okutuuka ku 8,000 bokka abaali bakirwanirira, nga boolekaganye n’eggye lya Mehmed II eryali lirimu abaserikale abasukka mu 80,000. Yafa ng’alwana ku bbugwe w’ekibuga nga 29 Maayi 1453, Constantinople bwe kyawambibwa ku nkomerero. Tewali mulambo gwakakasibwa mu ngeri etaliimu kubuusabuusa nti gwe gwali ogugwe. Okufa kwe kwali kwe kukoma kw’Obwakabaka bwa Rooma (obwakabaka obwasembayo obwali bugenda mu maaso butereevu n’obwo Augustus bwe yatandikawo mu mwaka gwa 27 nga Kristo tannazaalibwa).

Ajjukirwa mu byafaayo eby’Oluyonaani ne mu nnono y’Ab’Orutodokisi ng’omuntu ow’obuzira — era mu nfumo emirundi mingi ayitibwa “Omukama ow’Amayinja” (okukkiriza nti olunaku lumu alikomawo okulokola Konstantinopo).

John VIII Palaiologos (1392–1448) yali Empula wa Buzanti eyasembayo ng’oggyeeko omu, era yafuga okuva mu 1425 okutuuka mu 1448. Ye yali mutabani omukulu owa Empula Manuel II Palaiologos era nga mukulu wa Constantine XI. John VIII yamala ekiseera ekisinga obunene eky’obufuzi bwe ng’afuba n’amaanyi ge gonna okutaasa Obwakabaka bwa Buzanti obwali bugenda busaanawo, buleme okugwa mu mikono gy’Ab’Obwakabaka bwa Ottoman. Mu 1439, ye kennyini yagenda mu Yitale n’akubiriza Olukiiko lw’e Florence, era eyo ye n’ekibinja ky’ababaka b’Ekkanisa y’Abasodokisi ey’Ebuvanjuba ne batuuka ku nzikiriziganya ey’ekiseera ey’okuddamu okwegatta n’Ekkanisa Katolika ey’e Rooma n’okukkiriza Paapa ng’omutwe gw’Ekkanisa. Constantine Omukulu naye yali akubirizza Olukiiko lw’e Nicaea. John VIII yali asuubira nti okwegatta kuno n’obwapaapa kwandireese obuyambi bw’amagye okuva mu mawanga g’Ebugwanjuba okulwanyisa Abatuluuki, naye e Constantinople okwegatta okwo kwawakanyizibwa nnyo era ku nkomerero ne kulemererwa. John VIII yafa mu 1448 (olufu olw’obutonde), ng’ebula emyaka etaano gyokka Constantinople ekwatibwe mu 1453. Oluvannyuma muganda we Constantine XI yafuuka empula era n’afa ng’alwanirira ekibuga.

Yokaana VIII bwe yafa mu 1448, muganda we Konsitanteeni XI ye yalondebwa okumudda mu bigere. Mu 1448 Obwakabaka bwa Bizantiya bwali bumaze okukendeera ne bufuuka akawangwa akatono akafugibwa nga kasasula obuwangwa, era Abottomaani baali balina amaanyi mangi ku ani eyatuulanga ku ntebe e Konsitanteenopoole. Nga 27 Jjulaayi 1449, wabawo ekintu eky’ebyobufuzi eky’amakulu ennyo mu myaka egyasembayo egy’Obwakabaka bwa Bizantiya. Kabaka wa Bizantiya Yokaana VIII Palaiologos yali yafa dda mu 1448. Muganda we, Konsitanteeni XI Palaiologos (kabaka ow’enkomerero), yalangirirwa okuba kabaka e Konsitanteenopoole. Naye, nga Konsitanteeni XI tannalinnyisibwa mu butongole ku ntebe, yasindika ababaka eri Sultaani w’Abottomaani (Murad II) n’asaba olukusa okufuga. Sultaani yamuwa olukusa olwo, era awo nno lwe baamukwasa ku ntebe mu butongole ne bamukkiriza okuba kabaka. Ekikolwa kino kyatunuulirwa ng’okwewaayo mu busenze kwa bwetwaze bwa Bizantiya. Omulundi ogwasooka, kabaka wa Bizantiya yakkiriza mu lujjudde nti yafuganga lwa lukusa lwa Batuluuki Abottomaani. Emyaka ena gyokka nga giyiseewo, mu 1453, Konsitanteenopoole yagwa mu mikono gy’Abottomaani.

Nga wayise emyaka ebikumi bisatu mu kyenda mu gumu n’ennaku kkumi na ttaano okuva nga 27 Jjulaayi, 1449, nga 11 Agusito, 1840, Abatuluuki baanoonya obukuumi obw’okubawonya Misiri nga beewaayo eri amawanga ana ag’amaanyi ag’e Bulaaya, bwe batyo ne batuukiriza obunnabbi obw’essaawa emu, olunaku lumu, omwezi gumu n’omwaka gumu. Kaakano tutaddewo ensengeka y’ensonga ey’okukozesa akabi akasooka n’akookubiri mu kiseera ky’etteeka lya Ssande erinaatera okujja. Peetero, ng’akabonero k’abantu emitwalo kkumi n’ena mu enkumi nnya, akiikirira ekisinde kya malayika owookusatu, ate William Miller akiikirira ekisinde ekiri mu malayika asooka n’owookubiri. Ebisinde byombi birina akakwate n’“ebisumuluzo.”

Mu kiwandiiko ekiddako tujja kutunuulira olutalo lw’e Nineeve si nga “ekisumuluzo” ekiggulawo obunnya obutaliiko ntobo kyokka, wabula era ng’ekisumuluzo eky’obunnabbi ekiteeka obujulirwa bwonna obwa Danyeri essuula ey’ekkumi n’emu mu nteekateeka etuukiridde. Mu kirooto kya Miller, “ekisumuluzo” ekyali kisibiddwa ku kasanduuko kyali enkola ya Miller ey’okunoonyereza mu Bayibuli. Okukozesa ennyiriri za Bayibuli ng’obukakafu ku byafaayo by’abagoberezi ba Miller, bwe kugattibwa ku nkola ya “olunyiriri ku lunyiriri” mu byafaayo bya malayika owokusatu, kye kisumuluzo ekisobozesa ekisumuluzo ky’Okubikkulirwa essuula ey’omwenda okusumulula n’okukwataganya ebyafaayo ebikwekeddwa eby’obubaka obw’ebweru obw’olunyiriri olw’amakumi ana mu nteekateeka entuufu.

Tugenda kweyongera ku byo bye tulowoozaako mu kiwandiiko ekiddako.