Panium - Namba ettaano

Ekitabo kya Danyeri kyezulula ennyanjula ey’obunnabbi eyewuunyisa, nga kigatta enkola ya ‘kuddamu n’okugaziya’ etambulira mu byolesebwa byakyo okuva ku kifaananyi eky’ebyuma ekya mutwe ogw’okubiri okutuuka ku ntalo z’abakabaka ezisongobera eza mutwe ogw’ekkuminogumu. Mu ngeri eno y’okutegeera, wavaawo ensonga ey’amaanyi: Olutalo lw’e Actium mu 31 BC, ne lwakomekkerezebwa n’okugwa kwa Misiri mu 30 BC, luyimirira ng’okutuukirizibwa okw’omusingi kwa Danyeri 11:25, 26, nga lulaga entandikwa y’obufuga obusukkulumye bwa Roma ey’obupagani okumala emyaka 360.

Essuula 11 eya Danyeri litandika n’okulaga okwimuka n’okugwa kw’obwakabaka oluvannyuma lw’okufa kwa Alekisanda Omukulu mu 323 BC. Naye bwe tutuuka ku linyiriri 14, wabaawo okukyuka. Mu bbanga ery’awaka mu 200 BC, Antiokosi III (Magnus) bwe yali yeetegekera Olutalo lwe Panium okulwana n’omwana-kabaka Potolemyo V, Loma n’eyingira mu nsonga, si nga mutunuzi wabulijjo wabula ng "abanyazi b’abantu bo." Olw’okweraliikirira kukakasa okufuna engano eva e Misiri wakati mu kuvuruguka kw’obufuzi obwa Hellenistic, Loma n’eraga amaanyi g’obuyinza bwayo mu Lutalo lwa Makedoniya olw’Okubiri (200-197 BC), n’eteekaawo omusingi gw’ekifo kyayo mu bubaka bw’obunnabbi.

Tutuuke mu 63 BC, era olunyiriri 16 lutuukirizibwa Pompey bwe yalumba Yerusalemu, n’ayingira mu Ekitukuvu eky’Obutukuvu, n’ateekaawo obufuzi bw’Abaloma ku "ensi y’ekitiibwa". Okuva awo, olunyiriri 17 okutuuka ku 22 lulondoola olukiriranya lw’abafuga b’Abaloma: entalo Pompey z’akolera ebuvanjuba, obuwanguzi bwa Julius Caesar n’okuttibwa kwe mu 44 BC, obufuzi bwa Augustus Caesar obwalangirawo okusoloozebwa kw’omusolo (ekyogerwako mu Luka 2:1) obwakoma mu 14 AD, ne Tiberius ng’afuga mu kiseera Kristo lwe yabambibwa mu mwaka 31 AD, lwe "omulangira w’endagaano" yamenyeka. Olunyiriri olw’obunnabbi oluva ku Pompey e Yerusalemu okutuuka eri Titus e Yerusalemu mu 70 AD, lulaga obufuzi bwa Abaloma ku bantu ba Katonda.

Okutandika n’Omuduumizi w’Abaruumi okuswaza yeekaalu okutuuka ku nkomerero lwe Omuduumizi w’Abaruumi yazikiriza yeekaalu, kuleeta omukono gwa Alufa ne Omega. Okutandikira ku kuswaza ne kuggwa ku kuzikiriza, olunyiriri lw’ebyafaayo luno lulimu era okuswazibwa n’okuzikirizibwa kw’Oyo eyeyogerako ku ye yennyini nti, “Mumenye yeekaalu eno, mu nnaku ssatu ndigizimba nate.” Amazima gakolebwa mu nyukuta esooka, ey’ekkumi n’esatu, n’ey’enkomerero mu alfabeeti y’Olwebbulaniya, era olunyiriri olutandikira ku Pompey ne luggwa ku Titus lulimu okuzikirizibwa kwa yeekaalu okw’omu wakati, okulabirirwa mu musa­alabba ogw’omu wakati ku misaalabba esatu, egyaayimirizibwa mu wakati ddala w’wiiki Kristo lwe yajja okunyweza endagaano. Emisoko egy’ekkumi na mukaaga okutuuka ku amakumi abiri mu bbiri giimirira olunyiriri olw’obunnabbi oluliko omukono gw’amazima. Waliwo emigga egy’obunnabbi ebitono naye egikulu mu byafaayo ebiragiddwa mu misoko egyo, naye omulamwa omukulu ogw’olunyiriri luno ye bufuzi bwa Loma ku Bayudaaya.

Olunyiriri 23 “luddamu era lugaziya” nga lukomawo mu 161–158 BC, mu biro Abayudaaya nga bakulemberwa Yuda Makabee baakola omukago ne Looma (1 Maccabees 8). Kino kiraga enteekateeka ey’enjawulo eya Looma ey’okuzimba obwakabaka bwayo—okuwangula okuyita mu ndagaano n’emikago—enkola ey’awukana ku obwakabaka obwaaliwo obwasooka. Olunyiriri 24 lukomya omutendera guno, nga lw’ategeeza nti Looma ejja ‘kuteekateeka entegeka zaayo okuva mu bigo, era okumala akaseera.’

Ekigambo ekitaputiddwa ng’ “against” kiyinza okutegeerekebwa ng’ekigambo “from”. Loma eteerulula enteekateeka zaayo “okuva”. Ekigambo “okuva” mu kyawandiikibwa ekyo kiraga ekibuga kya Loma, omutima gw’obwakabaka mu by’obufuzi n’eby’amagye, ng’ensibuko y’enteekateeka zaalyo. “Ekiseera” mu ngeri y’obunnabbi kye myaka 360, nga kitandika Misiri lwe yagwa mu 30 BC oluvannyuma lwa Actium, era ne kiggwa mu mwaka 330 lwe Constantine yaleka Loma olw’e Constantinople.

Ennyiriri 25 ne 26 ziteeka essira ku Actium ddala.

Mu mwaka gwa 31 BC, Octavian, ng'ayimirira Ruumi nga "kabaka w'omumambuka," n'ateekateeka amajje ge okulumba Misiri ya Cleopatra, "kabaka w'omumaserengeta," mu lutalo olunene olw'omu nnyanja. Amaggye ga Antony ne Cleopatra "amanene nnyo era amagumu" gaaddirira, ne galemezebwa olw' "obukodyo" obw'amagezi (obukodyo bwa Agrippa) n'okuvuddemu kw'abawagizi ba Antony era Cleopatra n'addayo emabega wakati mu lutalo. Okutuuka mu mwaka gwa 30 BC, Misiri yali yaafuuse ekitundu ky'obufuzi bwa Ruumi, ne kussaawo okutandika obufuzi bwa Ruumi ey'abapagana obutawakanyizibwa. Ekiseera kino eky'emyaka 360, okuva mu 30 BC okutuuka mu 330, kikwatagana n'obusukkulumu bwa Ruumi nga kisinziira ku kigo kyayo ekyasookera ddala, okutuusa ng'okukyusa kwa Constantine "kwasuula wansi" ekigo ekyo, nga Danyeri 8:11 bwe yalagula.

Bwe Konstantino yalekeraawo ekibuga kya Loma n’alonda ekya Konstantinopoli, n’aleekaawo obutabeerawo bw’obuyinza mu kibuga kya Loma, era ekkanisa ey’obwa Papa ne etwala entebe y’obuyinza eyayimiririrwa ekibuga kya Loma. Ekikolwa ekyo kyatuukiriza olunyiriri olwokubiri lw’Essuula kkumi na ssatu mu Okubikkulirwa.

Mu Danyeri 8, waliwo ebigambo bibiri eby’Olwebbulaniya eby’enjawulo, ebyombi ebivvunulwa ‘ekifo ekitukuvu,’ ebikyawula enjogera ku kifo ekitukuvu mu kitabo kya Danyeri. Ekitabo kya Danyeri kiraga olutalo wakati wa Kristo ne Sitaani nga bwe kirabikira mu bakiikirizi baabwe ab’ensi. Babulooni, omukiikirizi gwa Sitaani ogw’ensi, ewangula Yerusaalemi ku ntandikwa y’ekitabo kya Danyeri, ate ne Yerusaalemi ewangula Babulooni mu essuula 11, olunyiriri 45. Obwakabaka obukiikirirwa emibuga gya Yerusaalemi ne Babulooni biri ‘ebifo ebitukuvu eby’amaanyi.’ Emibuga gya Babulooni ne Yerusaalemi byombi biri ebifo ebitukuvu eby’amaanyi, era buli kimu kirina yeekaalu yaakyo munda mu kibuga. Yeekaalu ya Pantheon eri mu kibuga kya Roma, ate mu lugero lw’obunnabbi yeekaalu e Yerusaalemi ye egifanaganako nayo. Babulooni n’ekibuga kya Roma bye bikope eby’obulimba bya Yerusaalemi.

Mu Danyeri 8, ebigambo bibiri eby’Olwebbulaniya bye bino: “miqdash” mu olunyiriri 11, we nnyanga entono (Loma y’abasinza ebifaananyi) esuula wansi “ekifo ky’ekitukuvu kye” (ekibuga kya Loma), nga Kkonsitantiini akyusa ekitebe mu mwaka gwa 330. Ekigambo ekirala kye “qodesh” mu minnyiriri 13 ne 14, we ekifo ekitukuvu kya Katonda kilindirira okutukuzibwa oluvannyuma lw’ennaku 2300. Newaakubadde ebigambo byombi bivunulwa ng’ekifo ekitukuvu, “miqdash” kisobola okulaga ekigo kya Katonda oba ekigo ky’abasinza ebifaananyi, ate “qodesh” kikozesebwa mu Bayibuli yokka okulaga ekifo ekitukuvu kya Katonda.

Mu Danieri 11:31, "ekifo ekitukuvu eky’amaanyi" (ekibuga kya Roma) kiyononebwa nga Barbarians ne Abavandali baleeta entalo mu kibuga kya Roma. "Amagye" ag'omu olunyiriri olwo gatandika ne Clovis mu mwaka gwa 496 ne gakyeyongera okutuusa lwe Roma ey’Obupapa yeesimba ddala mu buyinza mu 538, nga Abosturogoti bagobebwa mu kibuga.

Ennyiriri y’obunnabbi okuva e Actium eyongerayo okusinga 330. ‘Ennyombo eza Kittimu’ ez’omu lunyiriri 30 ziraga Abavandalo abakulemberwa Genseric, abaanyaga Ruma mu 455, nga kyalaga okugwa kwa Obwakabaka bwa Bwarumi obw’ebugwanjuba. Oluvannyuma Ruma ey’Obupapa ne yeeyimusa, n’efuga okuva mu 538 okutuusa mu 1798; emyaka 1260 okutuusa lwe Jenaraali wa Napoleon, Berthier, yawa ‘ekiwundu eky’okufa’ ng’awamba Pius VI. Emyaka 360 egy’e Ruma ey’obupagani, okuva mu 30 BC okutuuka mu 330, gifaanana emyaka 1260 egy’e Ruma ey’Obupapa, nga byombi bitandika bwe kiba nti ekiziyizo eky’okusatu (Misiri, Ostrogoths) kigudde.

“Kabaka w’obukiikakkono” ow’omu kiseera kino alabikira mu lunyiriri 40. Mu 1989, obukulembeze bwa Papa, nga buyungiddwa mu kyama ne Amerika ya Reagan (ekiragiddwa ng’amagaali g’olutalo, ebyombo, n’abajaasi ab’embalaasi), bwaggyawo mu buyinza USSR, “kabaka w’obukiikaddyo” (obutakkiriza nti waliwo Katonda/obukomyunisiti). Olunyiriri 41 lulaga obukulembeze bwa Papa ng’obuwangula “ettaka ery’ekitiibwa”—nga bukyusa Amerika ey’Abaprotesitanti okufuuka Amerika ey’Abakatoliki—ate olunyiriri 42 ne 43 lulaga Amawanga Amagatte, agiragirwa Misiri, nga giwaayo obuyinza eri mukago ogw’abasatu ogugattamu Amawanga Amagatte (ennyoka), Vatikaani (ekisolo), ne United States (nnabbi ow’obulimba), nga gukulembera ensi okutuuka ku Amagedoni. Olunyiriri 45 lubaulira enkomerero y’obuyinza buno, “nga tewali amuyamba,” ekiwundu kyabwo nga kiwonyezebwa mu lunyiriri amakumi ana mu gumu, naye omusango gwaabwo ne gukakasibwa mu lunyiriri amakumi ana mu ttaano.

Actium mu 31 BC kye kigendererwa ekikulu mu nnyiriri 25 ne 26, nga kitandikira obufuzi bwa Loma obw’emyaka 360 okuva mu kigo kyayo ekitukuvu. Nga nnyiriri 14 ng’okulabula, embala y’e Loma ey’obusenzi okuva ku nnyiriri 16 okutuuka ku kukyuka okuyitira mu Loma ey’Obwapapa mu nnyiriri 31 ye mulongo ogujjuvu ogw’e Loma ey’obusenzi. Omulongo ogwo gugabiddwa mu bitundu bisatu. Ennyiriri 16 okutuuka ku 22 ziraga omulongo ogw’obuyinza bwa Loma ku Isirayiri ey’edda. Ennyiriri 23 ne 24 zirambika omulimu gw’okuzimba obwakabaka gwe Loma yakozesa ng’ewangula ng’eyita mu mikago n’endagaano, wamu n’amaanyi g’eggye. Ennyiriri 24 okutuusa ku kigambo ekisembayo mu nnyiriri 31 kye kitundu ky’omulongo ogw’ebitundu bibiri, ekiraga ekiseera Loma lwe yeegulumiza, era ne kigobererwa okugwa.

"Ekiseera ekitegekeddwa" ye nkomerero y’emyaka 360 mu mwaka gwa 330. Olunyiriri 27 okutuuka ku kigambo ekisembayo eky’olunyiriri 31, ebiraga ebbanga lwe obuyinza bwa Papa, obwakirirwamu ng’ekikangabwa ekizikiriza, bwateekebwa ku ntebe y’obwakabaka mu 538, byogera ku byafaayo bya Luuma ey’abapagani mu mulembe gw’emyaka 360 egy’obuyinza obusukkiridde, era oluvannyuma ne wabaawo emyaka 208 egy’okugwa okweyongera bu ntono ntono.

N’olwekyo, “ekiseera” eky’olunyiriri olw’amakumi abiri mu nnya kitandikira mu 31 BC, nga kabaka ow’amaserengeta ayongerwako ku bwakabaka bwa kabaka ow’obukiikakkono, era ne kiggwa mu 330 nga obwakabaka bwa kabaka ow’obukiikakkono buwatuliddwaamu mu buvanjuba n’ebugwanjuba. Okuva mu 330 okutuuka mu 538, Loma ey’obupagani esaanasaanuka mpola mpola. Ebikakasa by’obunnabbi eby’enjawulo ebikwatagana n’ebitundu eby’enjawulo eby’okuggwaawo kwa Loma ey’obupagani bye busingi bw’obunnabbi obuyamba omuyizi w’obunnabbi okumanya Ekigambo ky’obunnabbi kya Katonda. Mu kutuukiriza olunyiriri olw’ekkumi n’enna olw’ekitabo kya Danyeri ekkumi n’emu, Loma eteekaawo ekibonekerwa, era emu ku ngeri ze ekikola bwe kityo ye mu kugwa kwayo. Olunyiriri lugamba nti, “Era n’abanyazi b’abantu bo beejjuza okuteekawo ekibonekerwa; naye bajja kugwa.”

Bwe Ruumi erumbibwa amato g’a Kittimu, ne biddiramu n’erumba obukiikaddyo, tekyafaanana na byaasooka newaakubadde ebyaddirira, kubanga okuva wano okugwa kw’obuyinza bwa Ruumi kwe kulagibwa. Amakondeere ana agasooka mu amakondeere musanvu g’Okubikkulirwa agali mu mutwe ogw’omunaana gannyonnyola mu bulambulukufu amaanyi amanene ag’ennya agaatuusa Ruumi ey’ebugwanjuba ku nkomerero mu 476. Ekyolesebwa kikakasibwa bwe abambuzi b’abantu bo beeyimusa ne bagwa. Ekyolesebwa ky’obunnabbi kulagibwa ku musingi gw’okugwa kwa Ruumi. Ruumi ey’ebugwanjuba ey’obusamize yagwa okuva mu 330 okutuuka mu 538. Ruumi ey’Obwa Papa yagwa mu 1798. Mu byafaayo by’ekkondeere ery’okutaano n’ery’omukaaga Ruumi ey’Obuvanjuba yagwa mu mikono gy’Abatuluuki b’Otomaani mu 1453. Ebigwa ebitatu ebyo bigatta ku kyolesebwa ekikakasibwa olw’abambuzi b’abantu bo.

Olunyiriri lugamba, "era n'abanyazi b'abantu bo balyegulumiza okukakasa ekyolesebwa; naye baligwa." Okuva mu 31 BC okutuuka mu 330, Roma ey'obupagani "yeyegulumiza" mu bukulembeze bwayo ku nsi yonna. Okuva mu 330 okutuuka mu 538, Roma ey'obupagani ne yagwa okutegekera omuntu w'ekibi okutuula mu yeekaalu ya Katonda, ng’ayogerera nti ye Katonda. Okuva mu 538 okutuuka mu 1798, obuyinza bwa Papa "bweyeyegulumiza," era mu 1798 ne bugwa. Okuva mu 31 BC okutuuka mu 330, Roma ey’ebugwanjuba "yeyegulumiza" ng’eyeemanya nti ye omutima gw’obwakabaka bwa Roma, era okuva mu 330 okutuuka mu 476 ne yagwa. Mu 330, Konsitaantino yayegulumiza ng’agamba nti Konsitaantinopoli ye omutima gwa Roma ey’ebuvanjuba, era mu 1453 Roma ey’ebuvanjuba ne egwa. Ebidde by’enfaanana ez’enjawulo eza Roma byonna birina ekiseera Roma mwe yeyegulumiza, nga kigobererwa ekiseera ekiraga okugwa kwayo, kubanga "abanyazi b'abantu bo balyegulumiza okukakasa ekyolesebwa; naye baligwa."

Ekigambo eky’Olwebbulaniya ekivvuunulwa ng’ ‘abanyazi’ kirungi okukivvuunula ng’ ‘abamenya’, kubanga kikwatagana nnyo n’amakulu agasookerwako ag’omuzi gwakyo—okumenyawo, okuyitamu n’amaanyi oba okutabula—okusinga ‘abanyazi’ (ekitegeeza okubba). Ekigambo kino kiraga abo abamenya ensalo, amateeka, oba endagaano, so si kubba bintu byokka. Loma ye mumenya mu bubaka bw’obunnabbi bwa Bayibuli, newankubadde ekigambo ekyo kivvuunulwa ‘abanyazi’ mu olunyiriri olw’ekkumi n’enna. Mu kitabo kya Danyeri essuula ey’okubiri, Loma ye obwakabaka obw’ebyuma, ate mu ssuula ey’omusanvu, ensolo ey’okuna nayo ye Loma.

Ekisolo eky’okuna—ekyo kye Roma—kirina amannyo g’ebyuma, kubanga kye kimu n’obwakabaka obw’okuna obwalagibwa ng’ebyuma mu mutwe ogw’okubiri. Mu lunyiriri olw’omusanvu ekisolo eky’okuna eky’e Roma “kimenya mu bitundutundu,” era bwe kimenya mu bitundutundu “kikandagira ebisigalira n’ebigere byakyo.” Ekisolo eky’e Roma kye ky’obwakabaka bw’ebyuma, era empisa yaakyo ey’okumenya mu bitundutundu n’okukandagira ebisigalira eraga ekikolwa ky’okubonyaabonya. Okubonyaabonya okwaletebwa ku Isirayiri ey’edda kwali “akabonero.”

Emikolimiro egyaleetebwa ku Isirayiri eyakadde olw'obujeemu bwabwe giri "akabonero n'ekyewuunyo, era ku zzadde lyo emirembe gyonna." Omukolimiro gwali gulina okuleetebwa ku bo okuyitira mu "ggwanga ery'amaaso ag'ekikambwe." Ekisolo ekirina amannyo ag'ebyuma, "ekimenya mu ttundutundu era ne kinnyirira ebyasigalawo," mu ssuula ey'omusanvu, kye kimu n'obwakabaka obw'okuna ekivudde mu kugabibwamu kwa bwakabaka bwa Alekisanda; era, nga bwe kyayogerwa eri Musa mu kitabo ky'Ekyamateeka, obwakabaka obwo bwe bubeera eggwanga ery'olulimi Isirayiri eyakadde teyanditegeera. Obwakabaka bwa Loma mu ssuula ey'omunaana eya Danyeri bwe bubeera eggwanga ery'amaaso ag'ekikambwe era eggwanga eriyogera olulimi olulala.

“Abambuzi (abamenya) b’abantu bo” batuukiriza ekyolesebwa; beejjuumya era ne bagwa. Obwakabaka obw’okuna obw’ekyuma bwali Loma ey’obupagani, eyafuganga mu buyinza obusinga ng’eyejjuumya, naye okugwa kwayo okwasembayo ne kufuuka akabonero aka bunnabbi ak’akakasa ekyolesebwa. Bali abamenya kubanga balinnyirira abantu ba Katonda mu kubonyaabonya.

Tujja kugenda mu maaso n’okunoonyereza kuno mu kiwandiiko ekiddako.