Igitabo cya Daniyeli — Nimero Mirongo Itatu n’Itanu

Mu “gihe cy’imperuka,” mu mwaka wa 1798, igitabo cya Daniyeli, kandi by’umwihariko iyerekwa ryagereranyijwe n’Uruzi Ulayi, cyakurwaho ikimenyetso. Iryo yerekwa ryatangaje itangira ry’urubanza rw’igenzura ku wa 22 Ukwakira 1844. Umurongo wabaye urufatiro rw’uko kuri ni Daniyeli igice cya munani, umurongo wa cumi na kane. William Miller, intumwa yatoranyijwe kugira ngo imenye uku gukurwaho ikimenyetso kw’ubutumwa, ntiyigeze asobanukirwa byuzuye ukuri kose kwari gufitanye isano n’iryo yerekwa, ariko yasohoje umurimo yari yarahawe.

Ubwo Miller yatangiraga kwiga ijambo ry’ubuhanuzi, yaje gusobanukirwa amategeko amwe yo gusobanura ubuhanuzi yagaragajwe kandi ashyirwaho muri Bibiliya. Ayo mategeko yaje kubikwa no kumenyekana nk’Amategeko ya William Miller yo Gusobanura. Ayo mategeko ashyigikiwe no guhumekerwa kandi agaragazwa nk’amategeko azakoreshwa n’abazatangaza itangira ry’urubanza nyobozi ku cyumweru cy’itegeko ryo ku Cyumweru. Miller yahamije ko yatangiye kwiga Bibiliya ahereye ku ntangiriro za Bibiliya kandi agakomeza gusa uko yasobanukirwaga n’ibyo yabaga ari kwiga icyo gihe. Muri ubu buryo, biroroshye kubona impamvu ubuhanuzi bwa mbere bw’igihe Miller yamenye, bwari bufitanye isano n’ubutumwa yagombaga kumenya ko bwasohoye mu 1844, bwari “ibihe birindwi” byo mu Balewi makumyabiri na gatandatu.

Ihumure ritumenyesha ko marayika Gaburiyeli, afatanyije n’izindi marayika bera, yayoboye ibitekerezo bya Milleri, nk’uko Gaburiyeli yari yarayoboye ibitekerezo bya Daniyeli, Yohana umuhishuzi n’abahanuzi bose bo muri Bibiliya; kuko Gaburiyeli yari yarahawe umurimo Satani yatakaje. Umurimo wa Gaburiyeli washushanywaga mu izina rya mbere rya Satani, Lusiferi, risobanurwa ngo “utwara umucyo.” Gaburiyeli yazaniye Milleri umucyo w’ubuhanuzi, maze mu kumvira uwo mucyo atangaza ubutumwa bwatangaje itangira ry’urubanza rw’igenzura ku wa 22 Ukwakira 1844.

Kureba inyuma bituma abifuza gusobanukirwa umurimo wa William Miller bamenya ko yahawe ubwenge bumwe na bumwe ku ijambo ry’ubuhanuzi, bwabaye imfunguzo z’umurimo we wo gukoranya ubutumwa bw’urubanza rwegereje. Rumwe muri izo mfunguzo ni uko yamenye ko umunsi umwe wasobanuraga umwaka umwe mu ikoreshwa ry’ubuhanuzi. Indi ngingo yari urwego rw’ubuhanuzi yakoresheje mu gushyira no guhuza imirongo y’ubuhanuzi yavumbuye. Urwo rwego rwari rushingiye ku mbaraga ebyiri za Satani zazanye ugusenyuka ku bwoko bw’Imana no ku buturo bwayo bwera. Ibyo Miller yavumbuye byose byashyizwe kuri urwo rwego rw’ubuhanuzi rwagereranyaga amateka y’ubupagani bukurikiwe n’ubupapa, byombi bikandamizaga ubudahwema ubuturo bw’Imana n’ubwoko bwayo, uhereye mu gihe cya Isirayeli ya kera kugeza ku kuza kwa kabiri kwa Kristo.

Iyo miterere y’ubuhanuzi yamushoboje kumenya neza ukuri kose kwari gukenewe kugira ngo ashyireho itariki ya 22 Ukwakira 1844 nk’itangiriro ry’urubanza. Ariko iryo kuri ryari rifite aho rigarukira, kuko atashoboraga kubona ububasha bwa gatatu butoteza bwakurikiye ubupagani n’ubupapa mu mateka y’ubuhanuzi. Ntabwo byari ngombwa ko abona uko kuri, kuko umurimo we wari uwo gutangaza itariki ya 22 Ukwakira 1844, kandi umucyo w’ubwo bubasha bwa gatatu butoteza wari kuzahishurwa nyuma y’iyo tariki.

Mu buryo bufitanye isano no guhuza imyumvire ye y’ubuhanuzi ku miterere y’ubutegetsi bubiri bushyiraho umusaka, ari bwo Roma ya gipagani ikurikiwe na Roma ya gipapa, yari afite n’imyumvire y’uko ijambo ryahinduwemo “ibya buri gihe” mu gitabo cya Daniyeli ryari ikimenyetso cya gipagani, kandi cyangwa se, Roma ya gipagani. Ijambo “tamid” ryahinduwemo “ibya buri gihe” rikoreshwa na Daniyeli incuro eshanu. Buri gihe rikoreshwa rifatanyije n’ikimenyetso Miller yumvise neza ko gihagarariye ubupapa. Ikimenyetso cy’ubupapa gihora kigaragara gifitanye isano n’“ibya buri gihe,” kigaragazwa n’ibimenyetso bibiri. Uko byagenda kose, ibyo bimenyetso byombi by’ububasha bwa gipapa byose byerekana ubupapa, nyamara ariko, igihe Daniyeli yakoreshaga ijambo “tamid” ryahinduwemo “ibya buri gihe,” buri gihe ryakoreshwaga hamwe n’ikimenyetso cy’ubupapa kandi mbere yacyo. Imyumvire ya Miller y’uko “ibya buri gihe” mu gitabo cya Daniyeli ari gipagani, yabaye urufatiro rw’imiterere yabonyemo ishingiye ku butegetsi bubiri bushyiraho umusaka, ari bwo gipagani gikurikiwe n’ubupapa. Kugaragaza kwa Miller ko “ibya buri gihe” ari gipagani mu gitabo cya Daniyeli byari bigenewe kuzavamo impaka zikomeye cyane mu Badiventisti, guhera ku gisekuru cya kabiri cy’Abadiventisti, cyatangiriye mu mwaka wa 1888.

Ukuri bwa mbere bw’ubuhanuzi Miller yabonye, bwari kimwe mu byagize urufatiro rw’imyumvire yerekeye ku wa 22 Ukwakira 1844, bwari “ibihe birindwi” byo mu gitabo cy’Abalewi makumyabiri na gatandatu, kandi ni bwo bwabaye ubw’ukuri bwa mbere mu byo Miller yari yarashingiyeho byanzwe mu 1863. Ukwangwa kwabwo ni ko kwatangije igisekuru cya mbere cy’Abadiventisti, igihe batangiraga kuzerera mu butayu bwa Lawodikiya. Igisekuru cya kabiri cyatangiye mu Nteko Rusange ya Minneapolis mu 1888, kandi mu ngaruka z’ubwigomeke bwabereye aho, umurimo wa satani wo kwanga uko Miller yasobanuye “igitambo gihoraho” ko ari ubupagani watangiye mu 1901. Imyumvire nyakuri yerekeye “igitambo gihoraho” ntiyashyizwe ku ruhande burundu kugeza nyuma y’urupfu rw’umuhanuzikazi, wari waragaragaje ko inyigisho yamamazwaga irwanya imyumvire nyakuri ya Miller yerekeye “igitambo gihoraho” yari yarazanywe n’“abamarayika birukanywe mu ijuru.” Ukwangwa kwakwo kuzuye kwabaye mu gisekuru cya gatatu ahagana mu 1931. Igisekuru cya gatatu cyari cyaratangiye hasohoka igitabo cya W. W. Prescott cyitwaga, The Doctrine of Christ, gato nyuma y’Inama ya Bibiliya yo mu 1919. Mu 1919, igisekuru cya gatatu cyaratangiye kandi gikomeza kugeza hasohotse igitabo, Questions on Doctrine mu 1957.

Nyuma y’uko umurimo wa Miller ushyizweho kandi ugasobanurwa mu buryo bugaragara ku byapa bibiri bya Habakuki (ibishushanyo by’abapayoniya byo mu 1843 no mu 1850), Uwiteka yahise atangira guhishura ukuri kw’uko hari undi mbaraga ya gatatu, yangiza, yari gukurikira ubupagani n’ubupapa, kandi na yo ikazarenganya ubwoko bw’Imana.

Miller ntiyashoboraga kubona ububasha bwa gatatu bw’itoteza, kandi kubera iyo mpamvu imiterere y’inyigisho ze ntiyari yuzuye, nubwo yari ibereye rwose gusohoza umurimo we. Mushiki wa White agaragaza ko Miller yari intumwa yatoranijwe n’Imana, ko mu murimo we yari yaragereranyijwe na Eliya na Yohana Umubatiza, ko mu guhamagarirwa umurimo we yari yaragereranyijwe na Elisha, kandi ko mu rupfu rwe yari yaragereranyijwe na Mose. Ni bake cyane mu mateka yera bagiye batangwaho ibisobanuro byerekana ko abamarayika bategereje iruhande rw’imva yabo kugira ngo bazabazure, nyamara ibyo ni byo byavuzwe kuri Miller. Kuba umurimo we wari ufite aho ugarukira bitewe n’amateka yarimo yazamuriwemo si ugutesha agaciro Miller; ahubwo ni ikintu ngombwa kwemera, niba umurimo we ugomba gusuzumwa mu mucyo nyakuri w’Ijambo ry’ubuhanuzi ry’Imana.

Milleri yahawe amabwiriza yihariye, y’abamarayika, yamushoboje kubaka urwego rw’ubuhanuzi rwashingiye ku butegetsi bubiri bw’isenywa: ubwa gipagani, bukurikirwa n’ubwa gipapa. Ni cyo cyatumye ubuhanuzi bwagaragazaga amateka arenga ku isenywa ryakozwe n’ayo maboko yombi butumvwa neza na Milleri. Nyamara nta na kumwe muri uko kutumvwa neza kwigeze kugaragara ku mbonerahamwe ebyiri zera za Habakuki, aho urufatiro rwubatswe binyuze mu murimo wa Milleri rwagaragajwe mu buryo bw’ishusho. Ni yo mpamvu guhumekwa kwashoboraga kwandika ku mbonerahamwe ya 1843 ko yayoborwaga n’ukuboko kw’Umwami.

Ukuri Miller yakusanyije ayobowe n’abamarayika kwari kuyobowe n’Umwami, kandi mu kwemeza imbonerahamwe yo mu 1843, uguhumekerwa kwashyizemo ko imyumvire ya Miller y’uko “ibya buri gihe” byagereranyaga ubupagani yari ukuri. Inshuro eshanu ijambo ry’Igiheburayo “tamid,” ryahinduwemo ngo “ibya buri gihe,” riboneka mu gitabo cya Daniyeli, kandi buri gihe rigereranya isano iri hagati y’ububasha bubiri buteza kurimbuka: ubupagani bukurikirwa n’ubupapa.

Imyumvire ya Miller ku byerekeye “ibya buri munsi,” nk’ikimenyetso cy’ubupagani, yari ingenzi rwose mu rwego rw’ubuhanuzi yakoresheje, kuko isano ikurikirana y’ubupagani bukurikiwe n’ubupapa yabaye ingingo ye y’ishingiro mu guhuza ubuhanuzi bwose yayobowe gusobanukirwa.

Mu “gihe cy’imperuka,” mu wa 1798, igitabo cya Daniyeli cyarahishuwe, kandi umurongo nyamukuru ari wo Mushiki wa White yagaragaje ko ari “inkingi y’ingenzi” n’“urufatiro” rw’umuryango w’abadivantisiti, wari Daniyeli igice cya munani, umurongo wa cumi na kane.

Umurongo wa cumi na kane ni wo gisubizo cy’umurongo wa cumi na gatatu, kandi icyo gisubizo ntacyo cyaba gisobanura hatabayeho urusobe rw’ikibazo cyabajijwe.

Iyi mirongo ibiri ni ikimenyetso cy’ukwiyongera kw’ubumenyi kwabayeho igihe igitabo cya Daniyeli cyafungurwaga “mu gihe cy’imperuka,” mu 1798. Umurongo wa cumi na gatatu ugaragaza ububasha bubiri bwangiza Miller yashingiyeho urugero rwe rw’ubuhanuzi. Miller yagaragaje ko “igitambo gihoraho,” kivugwa mu murongo wa cumi na gatatu, ari ubupagani, kandi ko “igicumuro cy’umurimbuzi” ari ubupapa. Ni iby’ingenzi kumenya ko urugero rw’ubuhanuzi abamarayika bayoboye Miller kubona, rugaragazwa muri iyo mirongo ibiri igereranya ukwiyongera kw’ubumenyi kwageze mu mateka mu 1798. Nyamara Miller ntiyaherewe kubona ububasha bwari bukurikiyeho kuza ku rubyiniro rw’ubuhanuzi no kurenganya ubwoko bw’Imana.

Kuba Miller atabashije kubona ubutegetsi bwa gatatu byamuhatiye kugera ku myanzuro yari ipfuye rwose. Miller yagaragaje ko inyamaswa yo mu nyanja yo mu Ibyahishuwe igice cya cumi na gatatu ari Roma ya gipagani, naho inyamaswa yo ku butaka ikaba Roma ya gipapa. Uko yashyize mu bikorwa Ibyahishuwe igice cya cumi na karindwi na byo byari bifite inenge, bitewe n’uko atabashije kubona amateka y’ubuhanuzi yarengaga ubutegetsi bwa kabiri busesagura bwa gipapizimu. Ni yo mpamvu, igihe Miller yagaragazaga ubutegetsi bw’Abaroma mu buhanuzi bwa Daniyeli, yabufataga nk’ubutegetsi bumwe bwaje mu byiciro bibiri. Ibyo byari kandi ni ugushyira mu bikorwa nyakuri, ariko byamubujije gusobanukirwa ubwami bwo mu buhanuzi bwa Bibiliya nk’ikintu icyo ari cyo cyose cyageraga hirya y’ubwami bwa kane bwashushanywaga na Roma. Yabonye kandi agaragaza ko ubwami bwa kane bwa Roma bwari bufite ibyiciro bibiri, bishushanyijwe nka Roma ya gipagani na Roma ya gipapa, ariko ntiyabashije kubona ko Roma ya gipapa na yo yari ubwami bwa gatanu, kandi ko bwari gukurikirwa n’ubwami bwa gatandatu.

Mu gice cya kabiri cya Daniyeli, Abamilerite bahuje ibice by’ubwami bwa gatanu bw’ubuhanuzi bwa Bibiliya n’ubwami bwa kane. Ku rwego rw’ibanze, uko kubishyira mu bikorwa kwabo kwari ukuri, ariko kutuzuye, kuko ubwa mbere ubwami bw’ubuhanuzi bwa Bibiliya buvugwamo bugomba guhuza n’ubwa nyuma ubwami bw’ubuhanuzi bwa Bibiliya buvugwamo, kuko Yesu, ari we Alufa na Omega, ahora yerekana iherezo akoresheje intangiriro. Kuba Miller atarashoboye kubona itandukaniro ry’ubwami bubiri bukurikirana byatumye bidashoboka ko amenya ko Ibyahishuwe igice cya cumi na kabiri, hagaragazwa ubupagani (ikiyoka), kandi ko inyamaswa yo mu nyanja yo mu Ibyahishuwe igice cya cumi na gatatu ari ubupapa (inyamaswa), naho inyamaswa yo ku isi yo mu Ibyahishuwe igice cya cumi na gatatu ikaba ari Ubuprotestanti bw’ubuhakanyi (umuhanuzi w’ibinyoma).

Miller ntiyashoboye kubona ikiyoka, ya nyamaswa n’umuhanuzi w’ibinyoma nk’ubwami butatu bukurikirana mu bice bya cumi na bibiri na cumi na bitatu byo mu Ibyahishuwe, bityo ahatirwa n’imitekerereze ye y’ubuhanuzi kwemeza ko ibyo bice byombi bitari ishusho ikurikirana y’ububasha butatu buyobora isi kuyigeza kuri Harumagedoni. Umucyo Miller yahawe wari umucyo utunganye ku bw’igihe cye, kandi urungano rwe rwageragerejwe kuri uwo mucyo.

Umucyo w’ububasha butatu buhindura amatongo (ikiyoka, inyamaswa n’umuhanuzi w’ibinyoma), wahawe Future for America mu “gihe cy’imperuka,” mu mwaka wa 1989. Igice cya Daniyeli cyafunguwe ikidodo igihe Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Abasoviyeti zasenyukaga mu isohozwa rya Daniyeli igice cya cumi na kimwe, umurongo wa mirongo ine, ni cyo cyari umucyo w’umumalayika wa gatatu, mu gihe Miller yari yarahawe umucyo w’umumalayika wa mbere. Imirongo itandatu ya nyuma ya Daniyeli igice cya cumi na kimwe yabonetse ko ari yo rufatiro n’inkingi nkuru y’umutwe wa Future for America, kandi umurongo wa mirongo ine wa Daniyeli igice cya cumi na kimwe ugereranya muri make uwo mucyo, nk’uko imirongo ya cumi na gatatu n’iya cumi na kane ya Daniyeli igice cya munani yagereranyaga muri make umucyo wafunguwe mu mutwe w’Abamillerite.

Uyu murongo ugaragaza intambara yatangiye mu “gihe cy'iherezo” mu mwaka wa 1798, hagati y'umwami w'ikusi n'umwami w'amajyaruguru. Umwami w'ikusi yashushanyaga Ubufaransa bw'ubuhakanamana, ari bwo bwateye igikomere cyica ubupapa muri uwo mwaka nyirizina. Aha ubupapa bushushanywa nk'umwami w'amajyaruguru. Mu buhanuzi, Ubufaransa bwo mu 1798 bwari bumwe mu bice icumi by'ubwami icumi bwo muri Daniyeli igice cya karindwi. Ubwo bwami icumi bushushanya Roma ya gipagani, kandi Roma ya gipagani ishushanya ikiyoka. Ubupapa (umwami w'amajyaruguru) bushushanya ya nyamaswa. Uyu murongo ugaragaza ko umwami w'amajyaruguru (ubupapa), wari waratewe igikomere cyica mu ntangiriro y'uyu murongo, amaherezo yari kuzihimura ku mwami w'ikusi (umwami w'ubuhakanamana). Igihe ubupapa bwazihimuraga, umwami w'ubuhakanamana yari yarimutse ava ku gihugu cy'Ubufaransa ajya mu ihuriro ry'Ubumwe bw'Abasoviyeti. Ubufaransa bwari igihugu kimwe, nyamara igihe ubupapa bwazihimuraga ku mwami w'ikusi muri uwo murongo, umwami w'ikusi yagaragajwe nk'“ibihugu,” nk'uko byari bimeze no ku cyahoze ari Ubumwe bw'Abasoviyeti.

Igihe umwami wo mu majyaruguru (ubupapa) yihoreraga, yazanye na byo “amagare y’intambara,” “abafarasi” n’“amato menshi.” Amagare y’intambara n’abafarasi ni ibimenyetso by’imbaraga za gisirikare, kandi amato ni ibimenyetso by’imbaraga z’ubukungu. Ububasha bwashyizeho ubufatanye butagatifu n’ubupapa kugira ngo bugwize hasi Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Abasoviyeti, bwari Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika; kandi izo mbaraga ebyiri za Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika zivugwa mu Ibyahishuwe igice cya cumi na gatatu, zigaragazwa nk’ubushobozi bwayo bwo guhatira isi kwakira ikimenyetso cy’ububasha bw’ubupapa ikoresheje ingufu z’intwaro n’ubukungu. Abantu bazabuzwa kugura cyangwa kugurisha batari bafite icyo kimenyetso, kandi hanyuma, byongeye, abatari bafite icyo kimenyetso bazicwa.

Umurongo wa mirongo ine ugaragaza mu buryo butaziguye ikiyoka (umwami w’amajyepfo), inyamaswa (ubupapa) n’umuhanuzi w’ibinyoma (Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika). Umurongo shingiro uvuga iby’“igihe cy’imperuka” mu mwaka wa 1989, ugaragaza ububasha butatu bw’isenyuka buyobora isi ku Harumagedoni, nk’uko imirongo shingiro y’umutwe w’Abamillerite yagaragaje ububasha bubiri bw’isenyuka bwa gipagani, bukurikirwa n’ubw’ubupapa.

Uyu murongo utangirana n’intambara hagati y’umwami w’ikusi n’umwami w’amajyaruguru. Mu ntangiriro y’umurongo (1798), umwami w’ikusi ni we utsinda, ariko muri uwo murongo umwami w’amajyaruguru arihimura maze agatsinda umwami w’ikusi. Intangiriro y’umurongo iranga intambara hagati y’umwami w’amajyaruguru n’umwami w’ikusi, kandi ku iherezo ry’ubutumwa bukubiye muri uwo murongo hongerwa kugaragazwa ya ntambara nyine hagati y’abami b’amajyaruguru n’ab’ikusi, ariko ibisubizo bikaba bihabanye. Intangiriro yaranze “igihe cy’iherezo” mu 1798, kandi intambara yo ku iherezo ikaranga “igihe cy’iherezo” mu 1989. Uwo murongo ukubiyemo, mu buhamya bwawo bwanditswe, umukono wa Alfa na Omega, intangiriro n’iherezo.

Amateka nyakuri y’uwo murongo akomeza nyuma yo gusenyuka kw’Ubumwe bw’Abasoviyeti mu 1989, kugeza ku itegeko ryo ku Cyumweru ryo muri umurongo wa mirongo ine n’umwe. Kuri iryo tegeko ryo ku Cyumweru, ubumwe bw’inshuro eshatu bwa Babuloni ya none bushyirwaho binyuze mu ruhererekane rw’ibyabaye byihuse. Bityo umurongo wa mirongo ine utangira igihe igikomere cyica gitanzwe mu 1798, kandi maraya w’i Tiro akibagirana. Amateka ahagarariwe n’uwo murongo arangira burundu ku itegeko ryo ku Cyumweru ryo muri umurongo wa mirongo ine n’umwe, aho igikomere cyica gikira kandi maraya w’i Tiro akibukwa. Ikimenyetso cy’itangiriro n’iherezo nticyanditswe gusa ku nyandiko iboneka muri uwo murongo, ahubwo cyananditswe no ku mateka yose yuzuye ahagarariwe n’uwo murongo. Uwo murongo ugaragaza urwego rw’ubuhanuzi rudashingiye gusa ku bapagani (ikiyoka) no ku bupapa (inyamaswa), ahubwo ugaragaza imiterere y’ubutegetsi butatu busenya buyobora isi kuri Harumagedoni.

Imiterere y’ubuhanuzi ya Miller yatangaje ukuza kw’urubanza rw’igenzura rw’Imana, kandi imiterere y’ubuhanuzi ya Future for America itangaza ukuza kw’urubanza nyubahirizacyemezo rw’Imana. Mu “gihe cy’imperuka” mu 1989, hatangiye inzira y’ibyiciro bitatu yo kugerageza no kweza ubwo imirongo itandatu ya nyuma ya Daniyeli cumi na umwe yahishurwaga igihe Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Abasoviyeti zasenyukaga. Itandukaniro ry’uko Miller yabonye gusa ubupagani n’ubupapa, ariko ntiyabone Ubuporotesitanti bw’ubuhakanyi, rigomba gusobanurwa kugira ngo hasobanurwe neza iyerekwa ry’Umugezi wa Ulai ryahishuwe mu 1798.

Tuzakomeza icyo gitekerezo mu nyandiko ikurikira.