Intumwa Pawulo yari ihuriro rihuza Isirayeli ya kera na Isirayeli yo mu mwuka, kuko umurimo we, izina rye, imibereho ye bwite n’umurimo we w’ubuhanuzi byose bihamya uku kuri. Yivuzeho ko ari we muto kuruta izindi ntumwa, kuko yari yararenganyije ubwoko bw’Imana.
Kuko ndi uworo cyane mu ntumwa zose, nkaba ntanakwiriye kwitwa intumwa, kuko natoteje itorero ry’Imana. 1 Abakorinto 15:19.
Izina yahawe igihe yahindukaga ryari Pawulo, risobanura muto cyangwa muke, kuko yari uworoheje kurusha intumwa zose. Nyamara izina rye rya mbere ryari Sawuli, risobanura “watowe”.
Nuko Ananiya aramusubiza ati: Mwami, numvise kuri uyu muntu biturutse kuri benshi, uko yagiriye inabi nyinshi abera bawe i Yerusalemu; kandi no hano afite ububasha yahawe n’abatambyi bakuru bwo kuboha abantu bose bambaza izina ryawe. Ariko Umwami aramubwira ati: Genda; kuko uwo ari igikoresho nitoranyirije, kugira ngo yitwaze izina ryanjye imbere y’Abanyamahanga n’abami n’abana ba Isirayeli, Ibyakozwe n’Intumwa 9:13–15.
Sawuli yari “igikoresho cyatoranijwe” cyo gutwara ubutumwa bwiza akabugeza ku Banyamahanga, ariko byabanje ko ahinduka kandi acishwa bugufi kugira ngo abe Pawulo (muto), kuko yari kuzenera kuba umunyambaraga. Pawulo yasobanukiwe yuko imbaraga ze zibonerwa mu kuba muto kwe, ni ukuvuga mu ntege nke ze.
Kandi kugira ngo ntishyire hejuru birengeje urugero kubera ubwinshi bw’ibyahishuwe, nahawe igisonga mu mubiri, intumwa ya Satani yo kunkubita, kugira ngo ntishyire hejuru birengeje urugero. Icyo kintu nakinginzeho Umwami gatatu, ngo kimveho. Ariko arambwira ati: Ubuntu bwanjye buraguhagije, kuko imbaraga zanjye zitunganywa rwose mu ntege nke. Ni cyo gituma ahubwo nzanezererwa cyane kwirata intege nke zanjye, kugira ngo imbaraga za Kristo zibe kuri jye. Ni cyo gituma nishimira intege nke, n’ibitutsi, n’ubukene, n’itotezwa, n’amakuba ku bwa Kristo; kuko iyo mfite intege nke, ari bwo mba nkiri umunyambaraga. 2 Abakorinto 12:7–10.
Sawuli yari “waratoranyijwe”, ariko kugira ngo agire imbaraga yagizwe muto (Pawulo). Yatoranirijwe kujyana ubutumwa bwiza ku Banyamahanga, ariko yari yaratoranyijwe no ku bw’uruhare rw’ubumenyi yari afite bw’Isezerano rya Kera.
Cyane cyane kuko nzi ko uri umuhanga mu migenzo yose no mu bibazo biri mu Bayuda; ni cyo gituma ngusaba kunyumva wihanganye. Uko nabayeho uhereye mu busore bwanjye, byabanje kuba mu ishyanga ryacu bwite i Yerusalemu, Abayuda bose barabizi; Kandi bamenye uhereye mbere na mbere, iyo baba bashaka guhamya, yuko nakurikije umutwe ukomeye kurusha iyindi yose w’idini ryacu, mbaho ndi Umufarisayo. Ibyakozwe n’Intumwa 26:3–5
Sawuli yari yaratojwe na Gamaliyeli, wafatwaga nk’umwe mu bigisha bakomeye cyane b’Ibyanditswe by’Isezerano rya Kera.
Icyo gisabwa yaracyemerewe, maze “Pawulo ahagarara ku ngazi, arahirahira abantu ukuboko.” Iyo mimerere yabakururiye kwitaho, naho uko yari yifashe bitera icyubahiro. “Maze habayeho guceceka gukomeye, ababwira mu rurimi rw’Igiheburayo, ati: Bagabo, bene Data, na ba sogokuru, nimwumve uko niburanira ubu imbere yanyu.” Bumvise ayo magambo amenyerewe y’Igiheburayo, “barushaho guceceka,” maze muri uko guceceka kwa bose arakomeza ati: “‘Ni ukuri ndi Umuyuda, navukiye i Taruso mu mugi w’i Kilikiya, ariko ndakurira muri uyu mugi, nigishirizwa ku birenge bya Gamaliyeli, nigishwa nkurikije uburyo butunganye bw’amategeko ya ba sogokuruza, kandi nagiriraga Imana ishyaka, nk’uko namwe mwese mumeze uyu munsi.’ Nta washoboraga guhakana ibyo intumwa yavugaga, kuko ibyo yerekezagaho byari bizwi neza na benshi bari bagihari i Yerusalemu.” Ibyakozwe n’Intumwa, 408.
Sawuli ntiyari yaratoranyijwe ku bw’amahirwe gusa, kandi imwe mu ntego zihariye z’umurimo wa Pawulo yari uguhuza amateka yera ya Isirayeli nyakuri n’amateka yera ya Isirayeli y’umwuka. Bijyanye n’iki kuri, yanditse igice kinini cy’Isezerano Rishya. Igice kimwe mu nyandiko ze kigaragaza ishingiro ry’urwego rw’ubutumwa bw’umumarayika wa mbere kandi n’iry’urwego rw’ubutumwa bw’abamarayika ba gatatu. Uwo murongo ni urwibutso rukomeye mu mateka y’Abadiventisime rugaragaza itandukaniro riri hagati y’abanyabwenge n’abapfapfa mu itangiriro no ku iherezo ry’Abadiventisime.
Noneho, bene Data, turabinginga kuza k’Umwami wacu Yesu Kristo no guteranirizwa hamwe kwacu kuri we, ngo ntimukuke mutagishwa umutima bitunguranye, cyangwa ngo muhagarike umutima, haba ku bw’umwuka, cyangwa ku bw’ijambo, cyangwa ku bw’urwandiko nk’aho rwaturutse iwacu, ngo umunsi wa Kristo wageze. Ntihakagire ubayobya uburyo ubwo ari bwo bwose; kuko uwo munsi utazaza, keretse kubanza hakabaho ubuhakanyi, kandi hakahishurwa wa muntu w’icyaha, umwana wo kurimbuka; urwanya kandi ukiyishyira hejuru y’icyitwa Imana cyose, cyangwa igisengwa cyose; ndetse akicara mu rusengero rw’Imana nk’Imana, yiyerekana ko ari Imana. Mbese ntimwibuka yuko nkiri kumwe namwe nababwiye ibyo bintu? Kandi noneho muzi ikimubuza guhishurwa, kugira ngo ahishurwe mu gihe cye. Kuko ubwiru bw’ubugome bumaze gukora; icyakora hariho ububuza ubu, kugeza igihe azavanirwaho. Maze ni bwo uwo munyabugome azahishurwa, uwo Umwami azicisha umwuka wo mu kanwa ke, kandi akamutsembesha kurabagirana kwo kuza kwe: ari we, uwo kuza kwe gukurikije imbaraga za Satani, gufite imbaraga zose n’ibimenyetso n’ibitangaza by’ibinyoma, n’ubushukanyi bwose bwo gukiranirwa mu barimbuka; kuko batemeye gukunda ukuri ngo bakizwe. Ni cyo gituma Imana izaboherereza ubushukanyi bukomeye, kugira ngo bizere ibinyoma: kugira ngo bose batizeye ukuri, ahubwo bakishimira gukiranirwa, bacirweho iteka. 2 Abatesalonike 2:1–12.
Imvugiro y’iki gice ni ugusuzuma igihe Kristo azagarukira ubwa kabiri. Pawulo yibutsa Abatesalonike ko yari yarabasubije kuri iyo mpungenge mbere, ubwo yavugaga ati: “Ntimwibuka yuko nkiri kumwe namwe, nababwiye ibyo bintu?” Pawulo yashakaga kurinda bene Data kutayobywa ku birebana n’“ukuza k’Umwami wacu Yesu Kristo, no guteranirizwa kwacu kuri we.”
Abanditsi b’amateka bagaragaza ko kimwe cya kabiri cy’ubutumwa bwa William Miller cyari gishingiye ku gusobanukirwa kwe kw’imyaka ibihumbi bibiri na magana atatu ivugwa muri Daniyeli igice cya munani, umurongo wa cumi na kane. Ikindi gice cy’ubutumwa bwe, rimwe na rimwe kidahabwa agaciro, ni umurimo yakoze wo kunyomoza inyigisho z’ibinyoma zerekeye Ukuza kwa Kabiri kwa Kristo.
Hashingiwe ku buryo bw’ibinyoma bw’Abayezuwiti, habayeho (kandi n’ubu haracyariho) inyigisho y’ikinyoma ikomeye William Miller yarwanyije ubudahwema. Iyo yari inyigisho y’ikinyoma ivuga ko ukuza kwa kabiri kw’Umwami kubanzirizwa n’imyaka igihumbi y’amahoro yitwa “millennium yo ku isi” na yo Mushiki wa White na we yarwanyije.
Igikorwa cya Miller na cyo cyashimangiraga ukuri k’ukugaruka nyakuri kwa Kristo, mu kurwanya ibitekerezo binyuranye by’ibinyoma byerekeye ikinyagihumbi byari byiganje mu gihe cye. Pawulo aravuga iby’Ukuza kwa Kabiri mu 2 Abatesalonike, bityo uwo murongo wari umwe mu byagize uruhare mu gusobanukirwa kwa Miller n’Ukuza kwa Kabiri nyakuri. Icyo gice cyari “Ukuri kw’Igihe Cyo Kugezweho” kuri Miller.
Pawulo agaragaza urukurikirane rw’ibyabaye by’ingenzi bifitanye isano no Kugaruka kwa Kabiri, kandi akanatanga impamvu zigaragaza impamvu Abatesalonike batagombaga kwitega ko kugaruka k’Umwami kuzaba mu gihe cy’ubuzima bwabo. Pawulo aravuga ati: “Noneho, bene Data, turabinginga ku byo kuza k’Umwami wacu Yesu Kristo, no guteranirizwa hamwe kwacu kuri we.” Ijambo “turabinginga” risobanura kubaza mu buryo bwimbitse. Pawulo arimo ashyira mu gaciro ingingo zijyana no Kugaruka kwa Kabiri kandi ayobora abo abwira anyuze mu buryo bumeze nk’ububazo bwimbitse, bugamije gutuma abamwumva basesengura imitekerereze ye.
Imiterere y’ibitekerezo bye ni uko mbere y’uko Kristo agaruka ubwa kabiri, ubupapa bugomba kumenyekana kandi bugategeka, kandi ko mbere y’uko ubupapa bugaragara mu mateka hagomba kubanza kubaho uguhirika ukwizera. Uku guhirika ukwizera kwari kukiri ukwo mu gihe kizaza, bityo ukuza k’ubupapa kukaba kwari kure y’aho. None se umuntu yashoboraga ate kuyobywa ngo atekereze ko kugaruka kwa Kristo kwari hafi? Akoresha ibimenyetso byinshi by’ubupapa kugira ngo agaragaze neza iyo mbaraga ari yo, ihishurwa nyuma y’uguhirika ukwizera. Yita ubupapa “umuntu w’icyaha,” “uwo munyabyaha,” “umwana wo kurimbuka,” n’“ibanga ry’ubugome.” Mushiki wacu White asobanura neza ko ibyo byose ari ibimenyetso biranga ubupapa.
“Ariko mbere y’uko Kristo aza, hari kuba impinduka zikomeye mu by’iyobokamana, zari zarahanuwe mu buhanuzi. Intumwa yaravuze iti: ‘Ntimukanyeganyezwe vuba mu mitima, kandi ntimugahagarikwe umutima, haba ku bw’umwuka, cyangwa ku bw’ijambo, cyangwa ku bw’urwandiko nk’aho ruturutse kuri twe, ngo umunsi wa Kristo wagezeho. Ntihakagire umuntu ubashuka mu buryo ubwo ari bwo bwose: kuko uwo munsi utazaza, keretse kubanza kubaho kugomera Imana, kandi umuntu w’icyaha akahishurwa, ari we mwana wo kurimbuka; urwanya kandi ukishyira hejuru y’icyitwa Imana cyose, cyangwa icyubahwa cyose; ndetse akicara mu rusengero rw’Imana nk’Imana, yiyerekana ko ari Imana.’”
Amagambo ya Pawulo ntiyari akwiye gusobanurwa nabi. Ntiyari akwiriye kwigishwa ko we, abihishuriwe mu buryo bwihariye, yari yaraburiye Abatesalonike ku kuza kwa Kristo byihuse. Uko guhagarara ku gitekerezo gutera urujijo mu byo kwizera; kuko kenshi gucika intege kuyobora ku kutizera. Ni cyo cyatumye intumwa iburira bene Data kutakira ubutumwa nk’ubwo ngo ni bwo buvuye kuri we, maze ikomeza gushimangira ukuri yuko ubutware bwa papa, bwasobanuwe neza cyane n’umuhanuzi Daniyeli, bwari bugikwiye kuzamuka no kurwanya ubwoko bw’Imana. Kugeza ubwo ubwo butware bwaba bumaze gukora umurimo wabwo wica kandi wuzuye gutuka Imana, byari kuba impfabusa ko itorero ritegereza ukuza kw’Umwami waryo. Pawulo yarabajije ati: “Mbese ntimwibuka yuko nkiri kumwe namwe nababwiraga ibyo bintu?”
“Amagerageza yari agiye kugusha ku itorero ry’ukuri yari ateye ubwoba. Ndetse no mu gihe intumwa yandikaga, ‘amayobera yo gukiranirwa’ yari amaze gutangira gukora. Ibizaba mu gihe kizaza byagombaga kubaho ‘hakurikijwe imikorere ya Satani, ifite imbaraga zose n’ibimenyetso n’ibitangaza by’ibinyoma, kandi ifite uburiganya bwose bwo gukiranirwa mu barimbuka.’”
“By’umwihariko, amagambo intumwa yavuze yerekeye abazanga kwakira ‘urukundo rw’ukuri’ arakomeye cyane. Yavuze ati ku byerekeye abazaba baranze nkana ubutumwa bw’ukuri bose: ‘Ni cyo gituma Imana izaboherereza ubuzimire bukomeye, kugira ngo bemere ibinyoma: kugira ngo bose batajye bakizwa, abatizeye ukuri, ahubwo bakishimira gukiranirwa.’ Abantu ntibashobora kwanga nta ngaruka imiburo Imana iboherereza mu mbabazi zayo. Ku bantu bakomeza kwirengagiza iyo miburo, Imana ibakuraho Umwuka wayo, ikabasiga mu buyobe bakunda.” Ibyakozwe n’Intumwa, 265, 266.
Nubwo Mushiki wa White agaragaza mu buryo butaziguye ko “uwo muntu w’icyaha,” uwo “mugome,” “umwana wo kurimbuka” n’“ibanga ry’ubugome” byo mu magambo ya Pawulo ari “ububasha bwa gipapa,” avuga ibirenze ibyo. Agaragaza ko ibi bimenyetso Pawulo yakoresheje kugira ngo aranga papa w’i Roma, byashingiye ku gitabo cya Daniyeli, ubwo yavugaga ati: “Ni cyo cyatumye intumwa iburira bene Data kutakira ubutumwa nk’ubwo ngo buvuye kuri we, maze ikomeza gushimangira ukuri k’uko ububasha bwa gipapa, bwasobanuwe neza cyane n’umuhanuzi Daniyeli, bwari bukiri kuzamuka no kurwanya ubwoko bw’Imana. Kugeza ubwo ubu bubasha buzaba bwarakoze umurimo wabwo wica kandi utuka Imana, byari kuba impfabusa ko itorero ryitega ukuza k’Umwami waryo.” Pawulo yashingiye igice cy’ubutumwa bwe yandikiye Abatesalonike, cyarangaga ubupapa, kuri Daniyeli igice cya cumi na kimwe, umurongo wa mirongo itatu na gatandatu.
Kandi umwami azakora ibyo yishakiye; kandi azishyira hejuru, yikuze kuruta buri mana yose, kandi azavuga amagambo ateye ubwoba arwanya Imana y’imana zose; kandi azagubwa neza kugeza ubwo uburakari buzaba burangiye, kuko ibyagambiriwe bizasohozwa. Danieli 11:36.
Igihe Pawulo agaragaza papa ko ari wa “urwanya kandi akishyira hejuru y’ibyitwa byose Imana, cyangwa ibyubahwa; ku buryo yicara mu rusengero rw’Imana nk’Imana, yiyerekana ko ari Imana,” Pawulo yari ari gusubiramo mu yandi magambo ibisobanuro by’umuhanuzi Daniyeli byerekeye “umwami” wakoraga “ibishakiye,” kandi “akishyira hejuru” akigira “umukuru kuruta imana yose.” Papa ni we mwami uvuga “amagambo y’igitangaza arwanya Imana y’imana”, kandi papa ni bwo butegetsi bwari “kugubwa neza kugeza” igihe cya mbere cy’“uburakari” “kizasohorerwa” mu 1798.
Daniyeli cumi na rimwe, umurongo wa mirongo itatu n’itandatu, ni uw’ingenzi rwose gusobanukirwa neza, niba ugwiyongera k’ubumenyi mu 1989 bugomba gusobanukirwa neza. Kubera iyo mpamvu, inyigisho y’ikinyoma y’uko umwami uvugwa muri uwo murongo yari Ubufaransa, nk’uko byatangijwe na Uriah Smith, yinjiye mu gisekuru cya mbere cy’Abadiventisiti (1863 kugeza ku 1888). Smith yahinduye amagambo yo mu murongo wa mirongo itatu n’itandatu, ayavana kuri “uwo” mwami (ari bwo ubupapa bwari burimo gusobanurwa mu mirongo ibanza) ayagira “umwami” umwe uwo ari we wese, kugira ngo yitirire Ubufaransa butemera Imana ibiranga uburyo bwo kuramya bwa Roma; ariko ibyo byari intangiriro gusa yo gushyigikira inyigisho ye yakundaga y’uko Turukiya ari umwami w’amajyaruguru uvugwa mu murongo wa mirongo ine no mu ikurikiraho.
Satani yatangiye hakiri kare guhishira ukuri yuko umwami uvugwa muri uwo murongo ari ubupapa, kandi ni intumwa Pawulo iha ubuhamya bwa Daniyeli undi mutangabuhamya wa kabiri kuri uko kuri. Mushiki wa Mwene Data White yatanze umutangabuhamya wa gatatu.
Satani ntiyashatse gusa guhisha ukuri yuko umwami uvugwa muri uwo murongo ari papa, ahubwo no kuyobya ukuri gukubiye muri uwo murongo, Satani yanahishe ubusobanuro bw’icyo “uburakari” buvugwa muri uwo murongo bwagereranyaga. Ubupapa buvugwa muri uwo murongo bwagombaga gutsinda no kugira ishya kugeza mu mwaka wa 1798, igihe bwahabwaga igikomere cyabwo cyica. Umwaka wa 1798 ni iherezo ry’imyaka ibihumbi bibiri na magana atanu na makumyabiri y’uburakari bw’Imana bwashyizwe mu bikorwa ku bwami bw’amajyaruguru bwa Isirayeli, butangira mu mwaka wa 723 mbere ya Kristo.
Iyo Adventisime iyo iza kuba yaraburanishije kandi igashyigikira “ibihe birindwi,” mu 1863, byari kuba hafi kudashoboka rwose ko Uriah Smith acikira ku byo by’ubupfu yavuze ku murongo wa mirongo itatu n’itandatu, kuko “uburakari” bwari gusobanurwa ko bugereranya uburakari bwa mbere bw’Imana bw’“ibihe birindwi,” bityo bukaba nta sano na rito bufite n’u Bufaransa. Ukwiyongera k’ubumenyi mu 1989 gushimangirwa na Pawulo muri uwo murongo, kandi kubera iyo mpamvu, umuburo wa Pawulo uri muri uwo murongo werekeye abataha urukundo rw’ukuri, ahubwo bakakira ubushukanyi bukomeye, ubageraho binyuze mu kwanga kwabo ukuri Pawulo atanga muri uwo murongo. Kimwe muri uko kuri ni ukumenya neza umwami wo mu majyaruguru muri Daniyeli igice cya cumi na kimwe, imirongo ya mirongo ine kugeza kuri mirongo ine n’itanu.
Muri uwo murongo, nyuma y’uko Pawulo amaze kugaragaza papa w’i Roma, agaragaza urukurikirane rw’ibizaba ku mperuka y’isi bibanziriza Ukuza kwa Kabiri kwa Kristo, ari na byo uwo murongo uvugaho. Aravuga ati: “maze uwo munyabibi azahita ahishurwa.” Uwo “munyabibi” ni papa, “uwo Umwami azamaraho umwuka w’akanwa ke, kandi azamurimbuza ubwiza bwo kuza kwe.” Hanyuma Pawulo aravuga ati: “ni we, ukuza kwe kujyana no gukora kwa Satani, gufite imbaraga zose n’ibimenyetso n’ibitangaza by’ibinyoma.” Yesu ni we “ukuza kwe kujyana no gukora kwa Satani.”
Ibikorwa by’ibitangaza bya Satani ni igihe gitangirira ku Itegeko ryo ku Cyumweru rigiye kuza vuba, kugeza igihe Mikayeli ahagurukira maze igihe cy’igeragezwa cy’abantu kigafungwa. Satani nta bitangaza akora mu gihe cy’Ibyago Birindwi bya Nyuma bisukwa guhera igihe cy’igeragezwa gifunzwe kugeza Kristo agarutse.
“Kristo aravuga ati: ‘Muzabamenyera ku mbuto zabo.’ Niba abavurishwamo indwara, kubera ibyo bihishurirwa, bashaka kwitwaza ibyo kugira ngo bababarirwe kwirengagiza amategeko y’Imana kandi bagakomeza kutayumvira, nubwo baba bafite imbaraga ku rugero urwo ari rwo rwose kandi mu buryo ubwo ari bwo bwose, ntibikurikiraho ko bafite ya mbaraga ikomeye y’Imana. Ahubwo, ni imbaraga ikora ibitangaza z’umushukanyi ukomeye. Ni umunyabyaha urenga ku mategeko mbwirizamuco, kandi akoresha amayeri yose ashobora kubasha kugira ngo ahume abantu amaso ku miterere nyakuri yayo. Twaburiwe ko mu minsi ya nyuma azakora ibimenyetso n’ibitangaza by’ibinyoma. Kandi azakomeza ibyo bitangaza kugeza igihe cy’igeragezwa kirangiriye, kugira ngo abigaragaze nk’igihamya cy’uko ari marayika w’umucyo, atari uw’umwijima.” The Seventh-day Adventist Bible Commentary, volume 7, 911.
Pawulo agaragaza ko hazabaho kureka ukwizera kwabanziriza guhishurwa kw’ubupapa, kandi ko Ukuza kwa Kabiri kwa Kristo kuzabaho “nyuma” y’imikorere itangaje ya Satani. Imikorere itangaje ya Satani itangira ku itegeko ryo ku Cyumweru muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika, ikarangira igihe igihe cy’imbabazi gifunze n’ibyago birindwi bya nyuma bigeze. Imikorere itangaje ya Satani itangira ku itegeko ryo ku Cyumweru muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika.
“Binyuze ku itegeko rishyiraho ikigo cy’Ubupapa mu kwica amategeko y’Imana, igihugu cyacu kizitandukanya burundu no gukiranuka. Igihe Abaporotesitanti bazarambura ukuboko kwabo bakambuka ikiyaga kibatandukanya kugira ngo bafate ukuboko kw’ububasha bw’Abaroma, igihe bazagera hakurya y’umworera bakaramukanya n’Ubupfumu, igihe, bitewe n’ingaruka z’uwo mubano w’impande eshatu, igihugu cyacu kizihakana amahame yose y’Itegeko Nshinga ryacyo nk’ubutegetsi bw’Abaporotesitanti n’ubwa repubulika, kandi kikagena uburyo bwo gukwirakwiza ibinyoma n’ubuyobe by’ubupapa, ni bwo tuzamenya ko igihe kigeze cy’imikorere itangaje ya Satani kandi ko iherezo riri hafi.” Testimonies, volume 5, 451.
Itegeko ryo ku Cyumweru ni iherezo ry’ubwami bwa gatandatu, ari yo nyamaswa yo ku isi ivugwa mu Byahishuwe igice cya cumi na gatatu. Iyo nyamaswa yo ku isi yatangiye gutegeka ku iherezo ry’imyaka igihumbi na magana abiri na mirongo itandatu y’ubutegetsi bwa papa mu mwaka wa 1798. Bityo rero, ubupapa bwahishuwe mu mwaka wa 538, nubwo umurimo wabwo wo kwigarurira isi wari usanzwe ukora igihe Pawulo yandikaga amagambo ye. Mbere y’umwaka wa 538, hagombaga kubanza kubaho kugwa, kwabanzirizaga guhishurwa k’umuntu w’icyaha, wicaye mu rusengero rw’Imana.
Kugwa kwo kwizera kwagereranyijwe n’itorero rya Perugamo igihe itorero rya Gikristo ryagiranaga ubwumvikane n’idini ry’ubupagani, nk’uko byagereranyijwe n’umwami w’abami Konsitantino. Pawulo yerekanaga ibimenyetso by’ubuhanuzi bigomba kubaho mbere yo Kugaruka kwa Kabiri kwa Kristo. Amaze gusubiramo ibyo yari yarigishije mbere Abatesalonike, ni bwo ababaza niba batibukaga ko yari yarabigishije mbere ayo kuri? Hanyuma arabibutsa ko bagombaga no kwibuka yuko yabigishije ko hariho imbaraga zari “zifata” ubupapa “kugira ngo” ubupapa “buhishurwe mu gihe cyabwo”? Ijambo “zifata” risobanura kubuza cyangwa gukumira. Ijambo “zifata” nyuma muri uwo murongo umwe na ryo risobanurwa ngo “ubu irakibuza.”
Bityo uyu murongo usobanurwa neza muri aya magambo ngo: “Kandi none muzi igikumira ubupapa, kugira ngo ubupapa buzahishurwe mu gihe cyabwo. Kuko ubwiru bw’ubugome (ubupapa) bumaze gukora; keretse ko uriho ubu ukumira ubupapa, azakomeza gukumira ubupapa kugeza igihe azavanirwaho.” Igihe William Miller yamenyaga uyu murongo wo mu Abatesalonike, yahise amenya ko imbaraga zabuzaga ubupapa kuzamuka ngo bufate intebe y’ubwami bw’isi mu mwaka wa 538, zari Roma ya gipagani, kandi ko Roma ya gipagani yari gukomeza gukumira ukuzamuka kw’imbaraga z’ubupapa kugeza igihe Roma ya gipagani “izavanirwaho.”
“Mu gihe cy’imyaka cumi n’ibiri nari umudehisiti, nasomye amateka yose nashoboraga kubona; ariko noneho nakundaga Bibiliya. Yanyigishaga ibyerekeye Yesu! Nyamara, haracyari igice kinini cya Bibiliya kitari gisobanutse kuri jye. Mu wa 1818 cyangwa 1819, ubwo naganiraga n’incuti nari nasuye, kandi yari yaramenye kandi yaranyumvise mvuga nkiri umudehisiti, yambajije mu buryo bwari bufite icyo busobanuye ati: ‘Utekereza iki kuri uyu murongo, n’uriya?’ yerekeza ku mirongo ya kera nanengaga nkiri umudehisiti. Nasobanukiwe icyo yashakaga kugeraho, maze ndamusubiza nti—Numpa igihe, nzakubwira icyo isobanura. ‘Ushaka igihe kingana iki?’ Sinzi, ariko nzakubwira, ni ko namusubije, kuko ntashoboraga kwizera ko Imana yatanze ihishurirwa ridashobora gusobanurwa. Ni bwo nafatiye umwanzuro wo kwiga Bibiliya yanjye, nizeye ko nshobora kumenya icyo Mwuka Wera yashakaga kuvuga. Ariko nkiri ako kanya nkimara gufata uwo mwanzuro, igitekerezo kiza mu mutima wanjye kiti—‘Bite se nubona umurongo udashobora kumva, uzakora iki?’ Ubu buryo bwo kwiga Bibiliya ni bwo bwahise buza mu bwenge bwanjye:—Nzafata amagambo y’iyo mirongo, nyakurikirane muri Bibiliya yose, maze menye icyo asobanura muri ubwo buryo. Nari mfite Concordance ya Cruden, nkaba ntekereza ko ari yo nziza kuruta izindi zose mu isi; bityo mfata iyo n’iyi Bibiliya yanjye, nicara ku meza yanjye y’akazi, kandi sinagira ikindi nsoma, uretse ibinyamakuru bike, kuko nari niyemeje kumenya icyo Bibiliya yanjye isobanura.”
“Natangiriye ku Itangiriro, nkomeza gusoma buhoro buhoro; maze ngeze ku murongo ntashoboraga gusobanukirwa, ngashakashaka muri Bibiliya yose kugira ngo menye icyo usobanura. Nkimara kunyura muri Bibiliya muri ubwo buryo, yewe, ukuntu ukuri kwagaragaye gusobanutse kandi kwuje ubwiza n’ikuzo! Nabonye ibyo nabwirije mwebwe. Nashimishijwe n’uko ibihe birindwi byarangiriraga mu wa 1843. Hanyuma ngera ku minsi 2300; na yo yangejeje kuri uwo mwanzuro nyine; ariko sinatekerezaga na gato kumenya igihe Umukiza azazira, kandi sinashoboraga kubyizera; nyamara umucyo wankubise n’imbaraga nyinshi ku buryo ntari nzi icyo nakora. Ubu rero, nibwira nti, ngomba gukenyera neza no kwitwara ubwitonzi; sinzihuta kurusha Bibiliya, kandi sinzasigara inyuma yayo. Icyo ari cyo cyose Bibiliya yigisha, nzagikomeraho. Ariko kandi hari hakiriho imirongo imwe n’imwe ntashoboraga gusobanukirwa.”
“Ngibyo ibyerekeye uburyo bwe rusange bwo kwiga Bibiliya. Mu kindi gihe yongeye kuvuga uburyo bwe bwo gufata umwanzuro ku busobanuro bw’uyu murongo turi imbere—ubusobanuro bw’‘ibya buri gihe.’ Yaravuze ati, ‘Nakomeje gusoma, ariko sinabasha kubona ahandi byari biboneka, keretse muri Daniyeli. Hanyuma mfata ayo magambo yari ahagararanye na byo, ngo “gukurwaho.” Azakuraho ibya buri gihe, “uhereye igihe ibya buri gihe bizakurirwaho,” n’ibindi. Nakomeje gusoma, ntekereza ko ntazabona umucyo kuri uwo murongo; amaherezo nza kugera muri 2 Abatesalonike 2:7–8. “Kuko ubwiru bw’ubugome bumaze gukorana imbaraga; ariko uriho ubu ubibuza, azakomeza kubibuza kugeza igihe azavanirwaho, maze uwo munyabyaha azahita ahishurwa,” n’ibindi. Maze ngeze kuri uwo murongo, mbega ukuntu ukuri kwagaragaye gusobanutse kandi gufite ubwiza buhebuje! Ngibyo aho biri! Ibyo ni byo “ibya buri gihe!” None se, Pawulo aba ashaka kuvuga iki iyo avuga ngo “uriho ubu ubibuza,” cyangwa ubizitira? Aho avuga “umuntu w’icyaha,” na “wa mubi,” aba ashaka kuvuga Ubupapa. None se, ni iki kibuza ko Ubupapa buhishurwa? Ni Ubupagani; bityo rero, “ibya buri gihe” bigomba kuba bisobanura Ubupagani.’ William Miller, Apollos Hale, The Second Advent Manual, 65, 66.
Hatabayeho gusobanukirwa ko “ibya buri munsi” mu gitabo cya Daniyeli byari ikimenyetso cy’ubupagani, Miller yari kugorwa cyane no gutegura urwego yashingiyeho inyubako ye y’ubuhanuzi. “Ibya buri munsi” biboneka inshuro eshanu mu gitabo cya Daniyeli, kandi buri gihe bikurikirwa n’ikimenyetso cy’ubupapa. Ibihamya by’uko “ibya buri munsi” mu gitabo cya Daniyeli ari ubupagani biboneka mu rwandiko Pawulo yandikiye Abatesalonike. Aho ni ho haboneka imwe mu miburo ikomeye cyane iri mu Ijambo ry’Imana, kuko Pawulo ahavugira mu buryo busobanutse ko abadakunda ukuri boherezwa ubushukanyi bukomeye. Ukuri kwashyizwe mu Batesalonike ku bwende kwari ukumenyekanisha isano iri hagati y’ubupagani n’ubupapa, kandi kwanga uko kuri ni ukwemeza ko ubushukanyi bukomeye buzaba ingaruka y’ukwo kureka.
Tuzakomeza iyi ngingo mu nyandiko ikurikira.
Nimuhagarare muyobe; mutabare, kandi mutakambike: basinze, ariko si divayi; bahuzagurika, ariko si ibisindisha. Kuko Uwiteka yabasutseho umwuka w’isinzizi ryinshi, abumba amaso yanyu; abahanuzi n’abatware banyu, ari bo bamenyi, yarabatwikiriye. Kandi iyerekwa rya byose ryababereye nk’amagambo y’igitabo gifatanishijwe ikimenyetso, abantu bagishyikiriza uwize bati, Ndakwinginze, soma ibi; na we akavuga ati, Sinabishobora, kuko gifatanishijwe ikimenyetso. Nuko igitabo kigashyikirizwa utize bati, Ndakwinginze, soma ibi; na we akavuga ati, Ntabwo nize. Ni cyo gituma Uwiteka yavuze ati, Kubera ko ubu bwoko bunyegera n’akanwa kabwo, bukanyubahirisha iminwa yabwo, ariko bwaranyujije kure umutima wabwo, kandi kuntinya kwabwo kukaba kwarigishijwe n’amategeko y’abantu: ni cyo gituma, dore, nzakomeza gukorera muri ubu bwoko umurimo utangaje, koko, umurimo utangaje n’igitangaza; kuko ubwenge bw’abanyabwenge babo buzashira, kandi ubwitonzi bw’abanyakerebutse babo buzatwikirwa. Bazabona ishyano abacengera cyane guhisha Uwiteka imigambi yabo, kandi imirimo yabo ikaba mu mwijima, bakavuga bati, Ni nde utubona? Kandi ni nde utuzi? Mbega guhinduranya ibintu kwanyu! Mbese ibumba ry’umubumbyi ryagereranywa n’umubumbyi? Mbese icyaremwe cyabwira uwagikoze kiti, Ntiyandemye? Cyangwa ikibajwe cyabwira uwakibajije kiti, Nta bwenge yari afite? Yesaya 29:9–16.