Ikintu nagaragaje ko Stephen Haskell ashobora kuba atarabonye, nubwo yakishimangiye binyuze mu kwemera kwe ukuri kugaragaza iri hame, ni uko mu mateka y’iherezo rya Isirayeli ya kera, icyarimwe usabamo intangiriro ya Isirayeli y’iki gihe, ihurirana n’icyo gihe nyir’izina cy’amateka. Igihe Kristo yashimangiraga isezerano n’abenshi mu gihe cy’icyumweru kimwe (iminsi ibihumbi bibiri na magana atanu na makumyabiri), Isirayeli ya kera yari iri kubaho uburambe bwa Lawodikiya, iri hafi yo kurukirwa mu kanwa k’Umwami. Icyarimwe Isirayeli y’iki gihe yari iri kubaho uburambe bwa Efeso. Lawodikiya ya Isirayeli ya kera yari iri gutatanywa, kandi Efeso ya Isirayeli y’iki gihe yari iri gukoranyirizwa hamwe muri ayo mateka nyir’izina.
Kandi “yego” niba uri kwibaza, nzi neza ko icyumweru Kristo yemeje isezerano asohoza Daniyeli igice cya cyenda, cyatangiriye ku mubatizo We kikarangirana no guterwa amabuye kwa Sitefano, kitari iminsi ibihumbi bibiri na magana atanu na makumyabiri nyakuri; nyamara mu buryo bw’ubuhanuzi rwose ni ko byari biri, kuko mu buhanuzi umwaka ungana n’iminsi magana atatu na mirongo itandatu. Iminsi magana atatu na mirongo itandatu ikubwe na karindwi ni ibihumbi bibiri na magana atanu na makumyabiri, kandi “hagati nyakuri” h’icyo cyumweru cy’ubuhanuzi ni umusaraba. Mu buryo bw’ubuhanuzi Kristo yashyize umusaraba hagati nyakuri y’icyo gihe cy’ubuhanuzi cy’iminsi ibihumbi bibiri na magana atanu na makumyabiri, bityo agaragaza ko “ibihe birindwi” byo mu Balewi makumyabiri na gatandatu bishyizweho kandi bishimangirwa n’umusaraba wa Kristo. Si impanuka ko igihe Mushiki wacu White yigisha, nk’uko abigisha, ko ayo mbonerahamwe yombi yera ya Habakuki, imbonerahamwe ya 1843 n’iya 1850, afite ubuhanuzi bw’imyaka ibihumbi bibiri na magana atanu na makumyabiri hagati nyakuri ku mbonerahamwe, kandi izo mbonerahamwe zombi zifite umusaraba hagati nyakuri y’icyo kigereranyo.
Bibiliya ikubiyemo amahame yose abantu bakeneye gusobanukirwa kugira ngo babe babereye ubu buzima cyangwa ubuzaza. Kandi ayo mahame ashobora gusobanurwa na bose. Nta muntu n’umwe ufite umutima wo guha agaciro inyigisho zayo wasoma umurongo n’umwe wo muri Bibiliya atawuvomyemo igitekerezo runaka cy’ingirakamaro. Ariko rero, inyigisho ya Bibiliya ifite agaciro kuruta izindi ntibonerwa mu kuyiga rimwe na rimwe cyangwa mu buryo budafitanye isano. Uburyo bwayo bukomeye bw’ukuri ntibuteguwe ku buryo bwahita bumenyekana n’usoma yihuta cyangwa utabyitayeho. Byinshi mu butunzi bwayo biri hasi cyane y’aho bugaragarira amaso, kandi bushobora kubonwa gusa binyuze mu bushakashatsi bwimbitse no mu muhati udacogora. Ukuri kwuzuza iyo nyigisho ikomeye yose kugomba gushakishwa no gukoranywa, “aha duke, hariya duke.” Yesaya 28:10.
“Nibigenzurwa gutyo kandi zigateranywa hamwe, zizasangwa zihuye neza rwose hagati yazo. Buri Butumwa Bwiza bwuzuza ubundi, buri buhanuzi bugasobanura ubundi, buri kuri kukaba ugukuza ukundi kuri. Ibigereranyo by’imihango ya Kiyahudi bisobanurwa neza n’ubutumwa bwiza. Buri hame ryo mu Ijambo ry’Imana rifite umwanya waryo, buri kintu cyabaye kikagira icyo gisobanura. Kandi imiterere yuzuye, mu migambi no mu ishyirwa mu bikorwa, ihamya Umwanditsi wayo. Imiterere nk’iyo nta bundi bwenge uretse ubw’Itazira iherezo bwashoboraga kuyitekereza cyangwa kuyirema.” Education, 123.
Hamwe n’ihame ry’uko buri torero muri ya matorero arindwi risubirwamo mu mateka y’Abamileriti no mu mateka yacu, hari n’irindi hame ry’ingenzi Abadiventisime ba mbere bemeye. Iryo hame rigaragaza ko imirongo y’ubuhanuzi “yo mu imbere n’iyo hanze” y’amateka amwe ikoreshwa na Mwuka Wera kugira ngo ageze ku bantu ukuri. Miller yabimenye kandi arabigisha mu buryo butaziguye. Yigishije neza ko ibimenyetso birindwi byo mu Ibyahishuwe bigereranya amateka abangikanye n’ay’amatorero, ariko muri icyo kigereranyo kibangikanye ibimenyetso bigereranya ukuri kwo hanze, naho amatorero akagereranya ukuri ko mu imbere kw’ayo mateka nyene. Uriah Smith na we avuga kuri iri hame kandi agakoresha amagambo “yo mu imbere” na “yo hanze,” ari byo mbona ko ari uburyo bwiza kurusha ubundi bwo kugaragaza iyo mirongo ibiri ibangikanye.
Ibimenyetso bitangirwa kutwerekwa mu bice bya 4, 5, na 6 by’Ibyahishuwe. Ibyerekanwa bitangwa muri ibyo bimenyetso birebwa mu Ibyahishuwe 6, no mu murongo wa mbere w’Ibyahishuwe 8. Biragaragara ko bikubiyemo ibyabaye itorero rifitanye isano na byo, uhereye ku gutangira kw’iki gihe cy’ubuyobozi bw’Imana kugeza ku kuza kwa Kristo.
“Mu gihe amatorero arindwi agaragaza amateka y’imbere y’itorero, ibimenyetso birindwi byo kuzingura bizana mu ruhame ibikomeye byabaye mu mateka yaryo yo hanze.” Uriah Smith, The Biblical Institute, 253.
Ubu noneho tugiye gutangira gusuzuma amatorero arindwi. Ni ingenzi kumenya ko amatorero abiri ya mbere, hanyuma nanone itorero rya gatatu n’irya kane, afitanye isano y’“impamvu n’ingaruka” isaba ko afatirwaho hamwe. Simuruna ni ryo torero rihagarariye abarenganywa na Roma, kandi Efeso ni ryo torero ryagejeje ubutumwa bwiza ku isi yose.
“I Antiokiya ni ho abigishwa babanje kwitwa Abakristo. Iryo zina barihawe kuko Kristo ari we wari insanganyamatsiko y’ingenzi mu kubwiriza kwabo, mu nyigisho zabo, no mu biganiro byabo. Iteka bahoraga bavuga ibyabaye mu minsi y’umurimo We ku isi, igihe abigishwa Be bahabwaga umugisha no kubana na We ubwabo. Badacogora, bibandaga ku nyigisho Ze no ku bitangaza Bye byo gukiza. Bafite iminwa ihinda umushyitsi n’amaso yuzuye amarira, bavugaga umubabaro We mu ngobyi, ukugambanirwa Kwe, urubanza Yaciriwe, n’urupfu Yapfuye, kwihangana no kwicisha bugufi yihanganiye igitutsi n’iyicarubozo byamushyizweho n’abanzi Be, n’impuhwe nk’iz’Imana yabisabiye abamurenganyaga. Izuka Rye no kuzamurwa Kwe, n’umurimo We mu ijuru wo kuba Umuhuza w’umuntu wacumuye, byari ingingo bakundaga gutindaho banezerewe. Mu by’ukuri abanyamahanga bashoboraga kubita Abakristo, kuko babwirizaga Kristo kandi bagasenga Imana bamunyujijeho.”
“Imana ni yo yabahaye izina rya Gikristo. Iri ni izina ry’icyubahiro cy’ubwami, ryahawe abiyunga na Kristo bose. Ni kuri iri zina Yakobo yaje kwandika ati: ‘Mbese abatunzi si bo babakandamiza, bakabakururira imbere y’intebe z’imanza? Mbese si bo batuka iryo zina ryiza mwitiriwe?’ Yakobo 2:6, 7. Kandi Petero yaravuze ati: ‘Ariko umuntu nashengurwa azira ko ari Umukristo, ye kugira isoni; ahubwo ahimbaze Imana ku bw’ibyo.’ ‘Nimutukwa ku bw’izina rya Kristo, murahirwa; kuko Umwuka w’ubwiza n’u w’Imana abaruraho.’ 1 Petero 4:16, 14.” Ibyakozwe n’Intumwa, 157.
Itorero rya Efeso ryagereranyaga Itorero rya mbere ryabayeho “mu kubaha Imana muri Kristo Yesu,” ari byo “impamvu” ihora yibaruka “ingaruka.”
Ni ukuri, kandi abashaka bose kubaho bubaha Imana muri Kristo Yesu bazarenganywa. 2 Timoteyo 3:12.
Kubaha Imana kw’itorero ry’i Efeso kwatumye habaho itotezwa rigereranywa n’itorero ry’i Simuruna. Ayo matorero yombi agaragaza isano y’impamvu n’ingaruka, kandi ingaruka isaba kubanzirizwa n’impamvu. Itotezwa ryo mu gihe cy’ihungabana ry’itegeko ryo ku Cyumweru riterwa no kwigaragaza kw’icyo Sister White yita “kubaha Imana kwa kera.” Kubaha Imana kwagaragajwe mu mateka yahise, cyangwa mu mateka ya kera.
“N’ubwo kwizera no kubaha Imana byagabanutse cyane mu buryo bwakwirakwijwe hose, muri ayo matorero harimo abayoboke nyakuri ba Kristo. Mbere y’uko habaho uruzinduko rwa nyuma rw’imanza z’Imana ku isi, mu bwoko bw’Umwami hazabaho ububyutse bw’ubumana bwa mbere butarigeze buboneka uhereye mu bihe by’intumwa. Umwuka n’imbaraga by’Imana bizasukwa ku bana bayo. Muri icyo gihe benshi bazitandukanya n’ayo matorero, ayo urukundo rw’iyi si rwasimbuye urukundo rw’Imana n’urw’ijambo ryayo. Benshi, haba mu bakozi b’Imana no mu bantu, bazemera bishimye ayo kuri gukomeye Imana yatumye atangazwa muri iki gihe kugira ngo itegurire ubwoko ukuza kwa kabiri kw’Umwami. Umwanzi w’ubugingo yifuza kubangamira uyu murimo; kandi mbere y’uko igihe cy’umutwe nk’uwo kigera, azagerageza kuwubuza awushyiramo ikinyoma gisa n’ukuri. Muri ayo matorero ashobora gushyira munsi y’ububasha bwe bw’uburiganya, azatuma bigaragara nk’aho imigisha yihariye y’Imana isutsweho; hazaboneka ibitekerezwa ko ari ukwiyongera gukomeye kw’ishyaka ry’idini. Imbaga nyinshi zizanezererwa ko Imana iri kubakorera ibitangaza, nyamara uwo murimo uzaba ari uw’undi mwuka. Mu ishusho y’idini, Satani azashaka kwagura ubushobozi bwe mu isi ya Gikristo yose.” Intambara Ikomeye, 464.
Gutaka kwa Saa Sita z’Ijoro ko mu “minsi y’imperuka” ni ububyutse bw’“ukubaha Imana kwa mbere” buvugwa muri uwo murongo. Ni ububyutse buba mu mutwe w’abakurikira inyigisho runaka, si mu itorero. Amateka Mushiki wa White yifashisha asobanura ubwo bubyutse ni amateka y’“ibihe by’intumwa,” ahagarariwe n’itorero rya Efeso. Ubwo bubyutse buzabyara “itotezwa.”
“Benshi bazafungwa, benshi bazahunga bahungira ubuzima bwabo bava mu migi no mu midugudu, kandi benshi bazicwa bazira ukwemera Kristo, bahagaze barwanira ukuri.” Selected Messages, igitabo cya 3, 397.
“ubugingo bwa Kristo ku isi” buvugwa mu gice gikurikira bugaragaza intangiriro y’itorero ry’i Efeso, ariko kandi bunashushanya amateka y’Abadivantisiti b’i Lawodikiya ku mperuka y’isi.
“‘Urubanza rwahinduriwe inyuma, no gukiranuka guhagarara kure; kuko ukuri kwaguye mu muhanda, kandi ubutungane ntibubasha kwinjira. Ni koko, ukuri kwabaye nk’ukubuze; kandi uwitandukanya n’ikibi yihindura umuhigo.’ Yesaya 59:14, 15. Ibi byasohoreye mu mibereho ya Kristo ari ku isi. Yari indahemuka ku mategeko y’Imana, ashyira ku ruhande imigenzo n’ibisabwa by’abantu byari byashyizwe mu mwanya wayo kandi bikarutishwa agaciro. Kubera ibyo yaranzwe n’urwango kandi aratotezwa. Iyi nkuru y’amateka irongera ikisubiramo.” Christ’s Object Lessons, 170.
Ubunararibonye bugereranywa na Efeso buba icyarimwe n’ubunararibonye bwa Lawodikiya. Abayahudi b’intonganya bari Abanyalawodikiya ba Isirayeli ya kera, kandi Kristo n’abigishwa be bari Abefeso ba Isirayeli ya none. Yohana Umubatiza yatangije itorero rya Efeso, kandi ahagarariye itorero ryo mu “minsi y’imperuka” rirwanywa n’Abanyalawodikiya, biyita Abayahudi, nyamara atari bo.
“Umurimo wa Yohana Umubatiza, n’umurimo w’abazajya mu minsi ya nyuma bafite umwuka n’imbaraga bya Eliya kugira ngo bakanguze abantu babakure mu kutita kwabo, mu buryo bwinshi ni umwe. Umurimo we ni ikigereranyo cy’umurimo ugomba gukorwa muri iki gihe. Kristo azaza ubwa kabiri gucira isi urubanza mu gukiranuka. Intumwa z’Imana zitwaye ubutumwa bwa nyuma bw’imbuzi bugomba guhabwa isi, zigomba gutegurira inzira ukuza kwa kabiri kwa Kristo, nk’uko Yohana yateguriye inzira ukuza kwe kwa mbere. Muri uyu murimo wo gutegura, ‘buri kibaya kizazamurwa, kandi buri musozi n’agasozi bizacishwa bugufi; kandi ahagoramye hazatunganywa, n’ahadomaguritse hahindurwe aharinganiye’ kuko amateka agomba kwisubiramo, kandi na none ‘ubwiza bw’Uwiteka buzahishurwa, kandi abafite umubiri bose bazabubonera hamwe; kuko akanwa k’Uwiteka ari ko kabivuze.’” Southern Watchman, 21 Werurwe 1905.
Efeso ni “impamvu,” kandi Simuruna ni “ingaruka.” Perugamo na Tiyatira na byo byerekana isano y’impamvu n’ingaruka. Perugamo ni itorero ry’ubwumvikane bwangiza ryahumanyije Ubukristo ubwo ryabuvangaga n’ubupagani. Itorero rya Gikristo ryaguye igihe ryemeraga ihame ry’uko byashobokaga ko gusenga ibigirwamana kw’ubupagani kubana mu mbibi zaryo. Umwami w’abami Konstantino ni ikimenyetso cy’uwo mateka y’ubwumvikane bwangiza, kandi uruhare rwe rw’ubuhanuzi rwari ugutuma habaho kureka ukwizera nyakuri kw’Ubukristo mbere y’uko ubupapa buhishurwa.
Ntihakagire umuntu uwo ari we wese abashuka mu buryo ubwo ari bwo bwose; kuko uwo munsi utazaza keretse habanje kubaho kugwa kure, kandi hakagaragazwa wa muntu w’icyaha, mwene kurimbuka; urwanya kandi akishyira hejuru y’icyitwa Imana cyose cyangwa icyubahwa cyose; bityo akicara mu rusengero rw’Imana nk’Imana, yiyerekana ko ari Imana. Ntimwibuka ko nkiri kumwe namwe nababwiye ibyo bintu? Kandi none muzi ikimubuza kugira ngo azahishurwe mu gihe cye. Kuko ubwiru bw’ubugome bumaze gukorera; keretse ko uri kubuza ubu azakomeza kubuza kugeza igihe azavanirwaho. Maze ni bwo wa munyabugome azahishurwa, uwo Umwami azamarisha umwuka w’akanwa ke kandi akamurimbuza ubwiza bwo kuza kwe. 2 Abatesalonike 2:3–8.
Itorero ry’i Perugamo ni ryo ryari “impamvu,” naho Tiyatira iba “ingaruka.” Umuhanuzi Daniyeli akunze kugaragaza amateka y’ubupagani busimburwa n’ubupapa, kandi uko gutandukira ukwizera kwabanje mbere y’ishyirwaho ry’ubupapa Pawulo yagaragaje bivugwa muri Daniyeli cumi n’umwe.
Kuko amato y’i Kitimu azamuzaho; ni cyo kizamutera agahinda, asubire inyuma, arakare ku isezerano ryera; ni ko azabigenza; ndetse azagaruka, agirane ubwumvikane n’abata isezerano ryera. Kandi ingabo zizahagarara ku ruhande rwe, kandi zizasuzugura ubuturo bwera bw’igihome, kandi zizakuraho igitambo gihoraho, kandi zizashyiraho ikizira giteza kurimbuka. Daniyeli 11:30–31
Itorero ry’ubwumvikane bwacogoye ryaguye rikava ku kwizera mbere y’uko ubutegetsi bwa gipapa bugaragarira mu mateka rigereranywa na Daniyeli nk’“abaretse” “isezerano ryera.” Bamaze kureka iryo sezerano, ni bwo ubupapa, bugaragazwa na Daniyeli nk’“ikizira giteza ubunyagaso,” bwicajwe ku ntebe y’ubwami y’isi. Mushiki wa Mwene Data White agaragaza imirongo itandatu ya nyuma ya Daniyeli 11 ubwo avuga ati, “ubuhanuzi bwo muri Daniyeli igice cya cumi na kimwe buri hafi kugera ku isohozwa ryabwo ryuzuye.” Iyo mirongo itandatu ya nyuma ni yo isohozwa rya nyuma rya Daniyeli 11, kandi yigisha ko amateka agereranywa n’iyo mirongo ya nyuma yagaragajwe mbere n’icyitegererezo cyo muri Daniyeli 11:30–36, ahagaragaza “impamvu n’ingaruka” by’amateka bigereranywa na Perugamo na Tiyatira.
“Nta gihe dufite cyo guta. Ibihe by’amakuba biri imbere yacu. Isi ihindaguranyijwe n’umwuka w’intambara. Vuba ibikomeye by’amakuba byavuzwe mu buhanuzi bizaba. Ubuhanuzi bwo muri Daniyeli igice cya cumi na kimwe bugiye hafi kugera ku isohozwa ryabwo ryuzuye. Byinshi mu mateka yabaye mu isohozwa ry’ubu buhanuzi bizongera kubaho.”
“Mu murongo wa mirongo itatu havugwamo ububasha buvugwa ko ‘imirongo ya 30 kugeza ku wa 36 yakuwe uko yakabaye.’”
“Ibyabaye nk’ibyasobanuwe muri aya magambo bizaba.” Manuscript Releases, nimero 13, 394.
Isano y’ingaruka n’impamvu hagati ya Perugamo na Tiyatira, kimwe n’isano y’ingaruka n’impamvu hagati ya Efeso na Simuruna, birasubirwamo mu “minsi y’imperuka.” Abaporotesitanti bo muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika bazagirana ubwumvikane no gusenga ibigirwamana, nk’uko bishushanywa na Perugamo (ikimenyetso nyamukuru cy’ugusenga ibigirwamana ni ugusenga izuba), kandi nibamara kugwa bakava ku kwizera, inzira izaba iteguriwe wa muntu w’icyaha kugira ngo yongere ahishurwe mu buryo bw’ubuhanuzi. Mu gihe uku kugwa no gushyira ubupapa ku ntebe y’ubwami bizaba bisubirwamo, Imana izaba icyarimwe irimo ihagurutsa itorero rigereranywa na Efeso ngo ritware isi ubutumwa bwa Daniyeli n’Ibyahishuwe, kandi akarengane kagereranywa na Simuruna kazongera kubaho.
Nzabwira amatorero atatu ya nyuma tumaze gusuzuma ukuri kuvuga ko ibimenyetso bine bya mbere byo mu Byahishuwe ari umurongo w’ukuri wo hanze ugenda ujyanye n’umurongo w’ukuri wo imbere uhagarariwe n’amatorero ane ya mbere. Nk’uko byamaze kugaragazwa, Uriah Smith abivuga muri ubu buryo:
“Mu gihe amatorero arindwi agaragaza amateka y’imbere mu itorero, ibimenyetso birindwi byo kuri icyo gitabo byo byerekana ibyabaye bikomeye byo mu mateka yaryo yo hanze.” Uriah Smith, The Biblical Institute, 253.
Twagaragaje ko amatorero ane ya mbere ahagarariye amasano abiri y’“igitera n’ingaruka” asubirwamo mu “minsi y’imperuka.” Dushingiye ku bapayiniya b’Idiventizimu, ariko ikirushijeho kuba ingenzi dushingiye ku butware bw’Ijambo ry’Imana, ayo mateka ane y’imbere y’itorero akwiriye kugira amateka y’inyuma ajyanye na yo ahagarariwe n’ibimenyetso bine bya mbere. Ikimenyetso cya mbere n’icya kabiri byumvikanisha nanone ibiranga Efeso na Simuruna, ariko bikoresha ifarashi y’umweru kugereranya umurimo wo kugeza Ubukristo ku isi. Igereranya umurimo w’inyuma w’itorero, kandi ikimenyetso cya kabiri kigereranya ubwicanyi bw’amaraso bwa Simuruna hakoreshejwe ifarashi itukura.
Nuko mbona igihe Umwana w’Intama abumbuye kimwe mu bimenyetso, numva kimwe mu bizima bine kivuga, nk’ijwi ry’inkuba, kiti: Ngwino urebe. Nuko ndareba, kandi dore ifarashi y’umweru; kandi uyicayeho yari afite umuheto; ahabwa ikamba; kandi arasohoka anesha, kandi kugira ngo arusheho kunesha. Nuko amaze kubumbura ikimenyetso cya kabiri, numva ikizima cya kabiri kivuga kiti: Ngwino urebe. Nuko hasohoka indi farashi itukura; kandi uwari uyicayeho ahabwa gukura amahoro mu isi, kugira ngo abantu bicane; kandi ahabwa inkota nini. Ibyahishuwe 6:1–4.
Zakariya ikubiyemo imirongo mike igaragaza mu buryo butaziguye amafarashi ane ahagarariwe mu bimenyetso bine bya mbere byo mu Byahishuwe. Muri umwe muri iyo mirongo wo mu gice cya cumi, Zakariya agaragaza ko igihe imvura y’itumba rya nyuma izasukwa, “umukumbi wa Yuda” ari wo “nzu” y’Imana uzahindurwa “ifarashi ye nziza mu rugamba.”
Nimusabe Uwiteka imvura mu gihe cy’imvura y’itumba; ni ko Uwiteka azarema ibicu birabagirana, abahe imvura y’imvura, aha umuntu wese ibyatsi mu murima. Kuko ibigirwamana byavuze ibitagira umumaro, n’abapfumu babonye ibinyoma, bavuga inzozi z’ibinyoma; bahumuriza ubusa; ni cyo cyatumye bagenda nk’umukumbi, bagira imibabaro, kuko hatariho umwungeri. Uburakari bwanjye bwakongejwe n’abungeri, kandi nahannye amapfizi y’ihene; kuko Uwiteka Nyiringabo yasuye umukumbi we, ari wo nzu ya Yuda, kandi yabagize nk’ifarashi ye nziza mu rugamba. Zekariya 10:1–3.
Ellen White agaragaza kenshi ko gusukwa kwa Mwuka Wera kuri Pentekote gushushanya imvura y’itumba ya nyuma iri kugwa ubu. Umurimo wakorewe isi kuri Pentekote ugereranywa n’itorero rya Efeso, kandi Efeso itera akarengane kagereranywa na Simuruna, ari ko Yohana agereranya n’“ifarashi itukura” yo mu kimenyetso cya kabiri. Ibimenyetso bibiri bya mbere bigendana n’amatorero abiri ya mbere kandi bigaragaza “iminsi y’imperuka,” igihe imvura y’itumba ya nyuma iri gusukwa.
Umwuka w’Ubuhanuzi na wo uhitamo iherezo ry’ikimenyetso cya gatatu hamwe n’intangiriro y’ikimenyetso cya kane, bityo ukabihuza (impamvu n’ingaruka); kandi mu kubikora, ushyira amateka ahagarariwe aho nk’ayahariho mu gihe cye no mu “minsi y’imperuka.”
“Uyu munsi hagaragara uwo mwuka umwe ugaragazwa mu Byahishuwe 6:6–8. Amateka agomba kongera kwisubiramo. Ibyabaye bizongera kuba.” Manuscript Releases, volume 9, 7.
Mu mateka bwite ya Mushiki wacu White, (yanditswe mu 1898) umwuka w’ubwumvikane bw’ubugambanyi butegura inzira kugira ngo ubupapa bwongere kwimikwa wari usanzwe uriho kandi ufite imbaraga, kuko ubuhakanyi bw’Abaporotesitanti bwatangiye ubwo banangaga ubutumwa bw’umumarayika wa mbere mu mpeshyi yo mu 1844, bwari bwaratangiye kale (mu 1863) kwinjira mu ihembe ry’Ubwadiventisti bw’Abaporotesitanti.
Ubwumvikane bwa Perugamo bugaragazwa nk’ “umugāri” w’iminzani mu kimenyetso cya gatatu. Iminzani ibiri yo gupimisha igereranya igipimo cy’uburiganya. Ikimenyetso cya gatatu kijyana ku kimenyetso cya kane, kigereranywa n’ “ifarashi y’ibara rijojoba” y’ “urupfu,” bityo kigashushanya iyicwa rya za miliyoni z’abantu ryakozwe n’ubupapa mu Gihe cy’Umwijima. “Ikuzimu” ni ryo rikurikira ifarashi y’ibara rijojoba y’ubupapa. Amateka y’ibimenyetso bya gatatu n’icya kane ajyana abangikanye n’amateka y’amatorero ya Perugamo na Tiyatira. Ubwumvikane bwa Konisitantini bwari umurimo wagendaga utera imbere; ni cyo cyatumye umwuka w’ubwumvikane wari usanzwe ukora no mu mateka bwite ya Mushiki wa White, nk’uko wari uriho no mu gihe cya Pawulo ubwo yavugaga ko “amayobera yo gukiranirwa asanzwe akora.” Kwigomeka kubanziriza kwimika ubupapa buri gihe ni amateka agenda atera imbere, kandi ayo “mateka agomba kongera kubaho. Ibyabaye bizongera kuba.”
Nuko numva ijwi riri hagati y’ibyo bizima bine rivuga riti: Igipimo cy’ingano kiguzwe idenari, n’ibipimo bitatu bya sayiri biguzwe idenari; ariko amavuta na vino ntukabyangize. Nuko amaze gukingura ikimenyetso cya kane, numva ijwi ry’ikizima cya kane rivuga riti: Ngwino urebe. Nuko ndareba, mbona ifarashi y’igishega; kandi uwari ayicayeho izina rye ryari Urupfu, kandi Ikuzimu ryamukurikiraga. Bahabwa ubutware ku gice cya kane cy’isi, kugira ngo bicishe inkota n’inzara n’urupfu n’inyamaswa zo mu isi. Ibyahishuwe 6:6–8.
James White yagaragaje ikindi kidasanzwe cy’ubuhanuzi mu matorero arindwi no mu bimenyetso birindwi. Agaragaza itandukaniro ryagambiriwe hagati y’amatorero ane ya mbere n’atatu ya nyuma, hanyuma nanone, uko ni ko kuri kugaragara no mu bimenyetso bine bya mbere no mu bimenyetso bitatu bya nyuma.
“Ubu twakurikiranye amatorero, ibimenyetso, n’inyamaswa, cyangwa ibiremwa bizima, kugeza aho bihurira mu gukwira ibihe bimwe. Ibimenyetso ni birindwi mu mubare, naho inyamaswa zo ni enye gusa. Kandi birakwiriye ko aha twitondera yuko, igihe ikimenyetso cya mbere, icya kabiri, icya gatatu n’icya kane cyafungurwaga, inyamaswa ya mbere, iya kabiri, iya gatatu n’iya kane yumvikanye ivuga iti: ‘Ngwino urebe;’ ariko igihe ikimenyetso cya gatanu, icya gatandatu n’icya karindwi byafungurwaga, nta jwi nk’iryo ryumvikanye. Kandi n’amatorero atatu ya nyuma, n’ibimenyetso bitatu bya nyuma, ntibihura mu gukwira ibihe bimwe nk’uko amatorero ane ya mbere n’ibimenyetso bine bya mbere bihura. Ariko, nk’uko twabigaragaje, amatorero, ibimenyetso n’inyamaswa birahuza, kuko bikwira ibihe bimwe mu gihe kingana hafi n’imyaka 1800, kugeza tugeze ku gihe kirenzeho gato igice cy’ikinyejana kimwe cy’iki gihe turimo.” James White, Review and Herald, 12 Gashyantare 1857.
James White ntiyashyizemo ko iyo ngero nyine iboneka no mu makondera, nyamara irahari. Amakondera ane ya mbere ni amakondera, ariko amakondera atatu ya nyuma ni ibyago bitatu. Amakondera ane ya mbere agereranya urubanza rw’Imana ku Roma y’abapagani kubera itegeko ryayo ry’icyumweru rya Constantine mu mwaka wa 321, kandi ibyago bitatu by’amakondera bigereranya Isilamu. Ibyago bibiri bya mbere by’amakondera byari imanza zaciwe kuri Roma ya gipapa kubera itegeko ry’icyumweru yashyizeho mu mwaka wa 538, kandi icyago cya gatatu cy’akondera ni icy’ihungabana ry’itegeko ry’icyumweru rigiye kuza mu gihe cya vuba cyane.
Joseph Bates akoresha imyumvire y’abapayoniya ku byerekeye amatorero atatu ya nyuma nk’ikimenyetso kimwe kugira ngo asobanure amatorero atatu yariho icyo gihe cy’Abamillerite. Ugushimangira kose kuri muri uwo murongo kwatanzwe na Bates.
“‘Mu gihugu cyose ni ko Uwiteka avuga ati: IBICE BIBIRI byo muri cyo bizacibwa, bipfe; ariko ICYA GATATU kizasigara muri cyo. Imana ivuga ko izanyuza ICYA GATATU mu muriro, ikakitunganya. Bazamutakira, na we azabumvira. Azavuga ati: ‘NI UBWOKO BWANJYE;’ na bo bazavuga bati: UWITEKA NI IMANA YANJYE.’ Igice cya mbere, SARUDI, ari ryo torero ry’izina gusa cyangwa Babuloni. Igice cya kabiri, Lawodikiya, ari ryo Umwadiventisiti w’izina gusa. Igice cya gatatu, Filadelifiya, ari ryo torero ry’Imana ry’ukuri ryonyine riri ku isi, kuko ari bo bazahindurwa bakajyanwa mu murwa w’Imana. Ibyahishuwe 3:12; Abaheburayo 12:22–24. Mu izina rya Yesu, nongeye kubinginga guhunga Lawodikiya, nk’uko umuntu yahunga Sodomu na Gomora. Inyigisho zabo ni iz’ibinyoma kandi zirayobya; kandi ziganisha ku kurimbuka rwose. Urupfu! URUPFU!!* urupfu rw’iteka ryose!!! ruri mu nzira yabo. Mwibuke muka Loti.” Joseph Bates, Review and Herald, umuzingo wa 1, Ugushyingo 1850.
Mu mateka y’Abamilerite, Sarudi ni ryo torero ryari rifite izina ryavugaga ko ari rizima, nyamara ryari ripfuye.
Kandi wandikire marayika w’itorero ry’i Sarudi uti: Uyu ni we ufite Imyuka irindwi y’Imana n’inyenyeri ndwi uvuga ati: Nzi imirimo yawe; ufite izina yuko uriho, nyamara uri upfuye. Ibyahishuwe 3:1.
Abantu b’Imana buri gihe bagira izina. Izina mu gihe cy’amateka ya Efeso kugeza i Perugamo ryari Abakristo. Izina mu gihe cy’ubutegetsi bwa papa ryari itorero ryo mu butayu. Izina kuva igihe hamenyekanishirijwe inyenyeri yo mu ruturuturu, Yohana Wycliffe, ryari Abaporotesitanti. Mu gihe cy’imperuka mu 1798, Abaporotesitanti bari bamaze gutangira gusubira mu bumwe na Roma. Icyari gisigaye icyo gihe cyari ikigeragezo cyari kugaragaza ko, nubwo bitwaga iryo zina mu byo bavugaga, batari bakiri itorero ryatoranyijwe. Mu mpeshyi yo mu 1844, bageze ku kigeragezo cyari kugaragaza ko batari bagikomeje kuba itorero ryitwazaga izina ry’isezerano rya Kristo. Inkuru ya Eliya itanga ubuhamya bwa kabiri burambuye cyane bw’iki kintu. Igihe bagaragazaga imico yabo nyakuri, byagoye Abamilerite kubanza kumenya ko Abaporotesitanti bari berekanye ko babaye abakobwa ba Babuloni. Ariko Abamilerite amaherezo bakoze icyo kintu koko, maze batangira guhamagara imitima ngo ive muri ayo matorero yaguye, mu gusohoza ubutumwa bwa marayika wa kabiri. Hanyuma habaho uburyo bwo kugeragezwa bwari gutuma Abamilerite bagaragaza imico yabo bwite. Ese bari Abafiladelifiya cyangwa Abalawodikiya?
Ab’i Filadelifiya bakurikiye Kristo bamwinjiranye Ahera Cyane, kandi abo b’i Millerite banze kubikora bagaragaje kamere y’Ab’i Lawodikiya. Bityo rero, tubona ishingiro ry’imitekerereze yatumye Bates aranga ayo matorero atatu nk’ayahabanyeho icyarimwe mu mateka amwe. Ayo mateka yasohoreye mu miterere y’ubuhanuzi y’umugani w’abakobwa cumi, uwo guhumekerwa kutumenyesha ko wasohoye kandi uzasohora mu buryo buhuje n’inyuguti ku yindi.
“Umugani w’abakobwa cumi b’inkumi wo muri Matayo 25 na wo ugaragaza ubunararibonye bw’ubwoko bw’Abadiventisiti.” Intambara Ikomeye, 393.
“Nkunze kenshi umugani w’abakobwa cumi b’isugi, batanu muri bo bari abanyabwenge, naho batanu ari abapfu. Uyu mugani warasohoye kandi uzasohora uko wakabaye rwose, kuko ufite ishyirwa mu bikorwa ryihariye kuri iki gihe, kandi nk’ubutumwa bw’umumarayika wa gatatu, warasohoye kandi uzakomeza kuba ukuri guhuje n’iki gihe kugeza ku mperuka y’ibihe.” Review and Herald, August 19, 1890.
Amatorero atatu aheruka agereranya abari inyuma y’umuryango wa Millerite nka Sarudi, kandi abari mu muryango bawurimo bagahagararirwa haba na Filadelifiya cyangwa na Lawodikiya. Ayo matorero uko ari atatu avugwa mu Ibyahishuwe igice cya gatatu, naho amatorero ane ya mbere akaba ari mu gice cya kabiri. Ni cyo gituma, igihe Mushiki wa White yerekeza ku mateka yo mu gice cya gatatu cy’Ibyahishuwe, aba agaragaza ayo matorero nyene Yosefu Bates yari amaze kugaragaza.
“Mbega ibisobanuro! Mbese ni benshi bameze muri iyi mimerere iteye ubwoba. Ndasaba mbikuye ku mutima buri muvugabutumwa kwiga yitonze igice cya gatatu cy’Ibyahishuwe, kuko muri cyo hagaragajwemo imimerere y’ibintu iriho mu minsi ya nyuma. Mwige mwitonze buri murongo wo muri iki gice, kuko binyuze muri aya magambo Yesu ari kubabwira.” Manuscript Releases, volume 18, 193.
Amatorero atatu yo muri iki gihe cy’amateka y’Abamilerite yongeye kuboneka ku iherezo ry’Ubwadiventisiti. Joseph Bates yagaragazaga imigendekere y’igihe cy’Abamilerite kandi yerekanye Sarudi nk’abakobwa ba Babuloni, ari bo butumwa bw’umumarayika wa kabiri bwari bugenewe. Yavugaga ku rugamba rwari hagati y’umukumbi muto wakurikiye Kristo ukinjira Ahera Cyane ku wa 22 Ukwakira 1844 n’abanze kuva Ahera. Yageragezaga guhamagara Abalawodikiya ngo bave mu mwijima bari barakiriye, kandi nibura igice cy’ubuhumyi bwabo bwa Lawodikiya cyaterwaga n’uko William Miller yari yarafashe umwanya w’ubuyobozi mu rugendo rwa Lawodikiya. Uru ni na rwo rugamba rumwe rugaragazwa mu butumwa bwandikiwe Filadelifiya.
Dore, abo bavuga ko ari Abayuda, nyamara si bo, ahubwo bakabeshya; abo bo mu isinagogi ya Satani, ngiye kubagira ngo baze kuramya imbere y’ibirenge byawe, kandi bamenye yuko nagukunze. Ibyahishuwe 3:9.
Igihe cyose habaye ihungabana ry’idini, havuka ibyiciro bibiri by’abaramya nk’uko byagenze mu Gucika Intege Gukomeye. Umwambaro wa Giprotestanti wari umaze gukurwa kuri Sarudi, ubwo basubiraga i Roma maze ku mugaragaro bakaba umukobwa wa Roma. Nuko uwo mwambaro ufatwa n’Adiventisime y’Abamilerite, ariko bidatinze ikigeragezo cyari kongera kubyara ibyiciro bibiri by’abiyitaga umukumbi muto. Umukumbi nyakuri n’umukumbi w’impimbano. Bates yagereranyaga umukumbi muto wakurikiye Kristo akinjira Ahera Cyane. Guhangana kwe kwari n’Abalawodikiya biyitaga ko ari bo mukumbi muto. Kubera ko Bates yari uwo muri Filadelifiya, guhangana kwe kwari n’isinagogi ya Satani, itsinda ryiyitaga ko ari ubwoko bw’Imana, nyamara rikabeshya kandi ritari Abayuda.
Igihe uwo mugani uzasohozwa ku ncuro ya nyuma ku iherezo ry’U-Adiventisime, hazabaho ubwoko bw’isezerano bwatoranyijwe bwirengagijwe mu gihe cy’iherezo mu 1989, nk’uko abayobozi b’Abayahudi birengagijwe igihe Kristo yavukaga, ibyo bikaba byerekana igihe cy’iherezo muri uwo mateka y’ubuhanuzi. Igihe amateka ya Kristo yageraga ku kwinjira kwe kw’intsinzi i Yerusalemu, amateka y’Induru ya Saa Sita yo mu gihe cy’Abamilerite yarashushanywaga. Uguhishurwa kw’Imana guhora guhuza kenshi ikimenyetso cy’umusaraba n’Ihungabana Rikomeye ryo mu 1844. Yuda ahagarariye Abalawodikiya bo mu mateka ya Kristo, kandi intumwa zari Abafiladelifiya. Mu gihe cy’imyaka itatu n’igice nyuma y’umusaraba, Abafiladelifiya, bahagarariwe na Bates, bagerageje guhamagara Abalawodikiya ngo basohoke mu itorero ryaguye ryahagarariwe n’umwigishwa Yuda Isikariyota.
Mu 1989 abahoze ari ubwoko bwatoranyijwe bw’isezerano banze umucyo wari wafunguwe, maze barenganywa. Igihe ukwiheba kwa mbere ko ku wa 18 Nyakanga 2020 kwageraga, inzira y’igeragezwa yatangiye hagati y’abari barigeze kugaragara nk’ab’umuryango umwe. Nyamara itsinda rimwe ni Abalawodikiya, irindi tsinda na ryo ni Abafiladelifiya. Nk’uko Yuda yasezeranye incuro eshatu n’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga rw’Abayahudi kugambanira Kristo mbere y’umusaraba, ni ko Abalawodikiya bo mu mateka akurikira ku wa 11 Nzeri 2001 bazaba barapfushije ubusa amahirwe atatu yo kwihana. Ku itegeko ryo ku cyumweru rigiye kuza vuba, bizagaragazwa rwose, nk’uko Yuda yimanitse ku giti, ko Abalawodikiya batandukanye n’Abafiladelifiya. Ni mu isarura ni ho urukungu rutandukanywa n’ingano. Turi kwegera vuba iryo sarura.
Aya kuri kugaragazwa gusa igihe kandi niba twemeye gusobanukirwa ko uburyo bwonyine bwa Bibiliya bushobora kuvumbura no gushimangira “ukuri” ari “historicism.” Uburyo nyakuri si preterism, futurism, dispensationalism, woke-ism, ubumenyi bw’iyobokamana bushingiye ku kibonezamvugo cyangwa ku mateka, cyangwa se ihinduramatwara iyo ari yo yose yo mu byiganano byinshi bya Satani. Hari interuro izwi cyane ikunze kwitirirwa umunyabitekerezo wo mu kinyejana cya cumi na karindwi witwa Jean-Jacques Rousseau, yongeye kuvugwa mu buryo bwinshi, ariko intego y’icyo gitekerezo ni iyi: “Ikosa rifite imizi myinshi, ariko ukuri gufite umwe gusa.” “Ukuri” ni Alufa na Omega, ari we umeze nk’igishyitsi kimera mu butaka bwumye.
“Ni ko kuri Bibiliya, inzu y’ubutunzi y’ubukire bw’ubuntu Bwe. Ikuzo ry’ukuri kwayo, kuri kure nk’ijuru kandi kukazenguruka iteka ryose, ntirimenyekana. Ku mbaga nyamwinshi y’abantu, Kristo ubwe ameze ‘nk’igishibuka kivuye mu butaka bwumye,’ kandi ntibabona muri We ‘ubwiza’ bwatuma ‘bamwifuza.’ Yesaya 53:2. Igihe Yesu yari ari mu bantu, ari ihishurwa ry’Imana mu bumuntu, abanditsi n’Abafarisayo baramubwiye bati: ‘Uri Umusamariya, kandi ufite dayimoni.’ Yohana 8:48. Ndetse n’abigishwa Be bari bahumishijwe n’ubwikunde bwo mu mitima yabo ku buryo batihutaga kumusobanukirwa, We wari waraje kubahishurira urukundo rwa Data. Ni cyo cyatumaga Yesu agenda wenyine hagati mu bantu. Yasobanukirwaga byuzuye mu ijuru honyine.” Thoughts from the Mount of Blessing, 25.
Ukuri turimo gusangiza ubu bugomba kumenyekana mu rwego rw’uko gukura k’ukuri kugenda gutera imbere buhoro buhoro mu mateka yose, kandi ikirushijeho kuba ingenzi, uko gusobanukirwa kwacu ukuri kugomba gushyirwa mu rwego rwa Alfa na Omega, ni ukuvuga mu rwego rwa Yesu uranga iherezo ry’ikintu n’intangiriro yacyo.
Itorero rya kane ni Tiyatira, kandi rigereranya igihe ubupapa bwategekaga nk’ubwami bwa gatanu bwo mu buhanuzi bwa Bibiliya; ari cyo gihe itorero ryo mu butayu ryari mu bunyage. Ubu bunyage bwa Isirayeli ya mwuka bwakozwe na Babuloni ya mwuka mu gihe cy’imyaka igihumbi na magana abiri na mirongo itandatu bwagereranyijwe mbere n’ubunyage bwa Isirayeli nyakuri bwakozwe na Babuloni nyakuri mu gihe cy’imyaka mirongo irindwi.
“Uyu munsi itorero ry’Imana rifite umudendezo wo gukomeza kugeza ku musozo umugambi mvajuru wo gukiza inyokomuntu yazimiye. Mu binyejana byinshi ubwoko bw’Imana bwabayeho bubujijwe umudendezo wabwo. Kubwiriza ubutumwa bwiza mu butungane bwabwo byari byarabujijwe, kandi ibihano bikomeye cyane byahabwaga abahirahira kutumvira amategeko y’abantu. Ingaruka yabyo ni uko uruzabibu runini rw’Umwami rw’imico mbonera rwari hafi kuba rwose rudakorerwamo. Abantu bari barambuwe umucyo w’ijambo ry’Imana. Umwijima w’ubuyobe n’imigenzo y’imiziririzo byendaga guhanagura burundu ubumenyi bw’idini nyakuri. Itorero ry’Imana ryo ku isi rwose rwari mu bunyage muri icyo gihe kirekire cy’itotezwa ridacogora, nk’uko rwose bene Isirayeli bari barafashwe ho iminyago i Babuloni mu gihe cy’ubunyage.” Prophets and Kings, 714.
Imyaka mirongo irindwi y’ubunyage i Babuloni igereranywa n’itorero rya Tiyatira. Itorero rya Tiyatira ni ingaruka yatewe n’impamvu, igereranywa na Perugamo. Perugamo ishushanywa na Konstantini umwami w’abami wahuje gusenga ibigirwamana n’Ubukristo. Ikimenyetso cy’ugusenga kwe ibigirwamana cyari ugusenga izuba. Impamvu ya Bibiliya ituma Isirayeli ya kera yajyanwa mu bunyage bw’imyaka mirongo irindwi ya Tiyatira ni uko abami bayo bagiranye imishyikirano n’amasezerano n’amahanga yasengaga ibigirwamana yari abakikije, mu kwigomeka kweruye ku Ijambo ry’Imana. Imana yaburiye Isirayeli incuro nyinshi kutivanga n’amahanga y’abapagani yari abakikije. Amategeko Cumi, ari cyo kintu nyine Isirayeli ya kera yagombaga kuba ababitsi bacyo, abuza rwose gusenga ibigirwamana. Igihe Uwiteka yahitaga imbere ya Mose ku buvumo bw’i Horebu akamuhishurira kamere Ye, yashyizemo incuro ebyiri umuburo nyine turimo kuvugaho.
Nuko aravuga ati: Dore, ngiranye nawe isezerano: imbere y’ubwoko bwawe bwose nzakora ibitangaza bitigeze gukorwa mu isi yose, cyangwa mu ishyanga iryo ari ryo ryose; kandi abantu bose uri hagati yabo bazabona umurimo w’Uwiteka, kuko ibyo nzakorana nawe ari ikintu giteye ubwoba. Ujye wubahiriza ibyo ngutegetse uyu munsi: dore, nzirukana imbere yawe Umwamori, n’Umunyakanāni, n’Umuhiti, n’Umuperizi, n’Umuhivi, n’Umuyebusi. Wirinde, kugira ngo utazagirana isezerano n’abatuye mu gihugu ujyamo, kugira ngo bitazaba umutego uri hagati yawe; ahubwo muzasenye ibicaniro byabo, mujanjagure amashusho yabo, kandi muteme ingoro zabo z’ibiti byeguriwe ibigirwamana; kuko utagomba gusenga indi mana, kuko Uwiteka, izina rye rikaba ari Umunyabugāri, ari Imana ifuha; kugira ngo utazagirana isezerano n’abatuye muri icyo gihugu, maze bagasambana bakurikira imana zabo, bakazitura ibitambo, maze umuntu akaguhamagara, ukarya ku gitambo cye; kandi ugafatira abahungu bawe abakobwa babo, maze abakobwa babo bagasambana bakurikira imana zabo, bagatuma abahungu bawe na bo basambana bakurikira imana zabo. Kuva 34:10–16.
Muri uyu murongo wonyine, Imana yaburiye Isirayeli ya kera incuro ebyiri, kandi hari n’ubundi buhamya bwinshi bwa Bibiliya bwerekana itegeko Isirayeli ya kera yari yarahawe ko batagombaga kugirana isezerano iryo ari ryo ryose n’amahanga y’abasenga ibigirwamana yari abakikije. Ibyo byumvikane byatangiye igihe Isirayeli ya kera yangaga Imana n’ubutegetsi bwayo bwa tewokarasi. Igihe bifuzaga umwami, Imana yabemereye kugira umwami, kandi uhereye icyo gihe ubwiganze bw’abami bose, kandi by’umwihariko buri mwami wese w’imiryango icumi yo mu majyaruguru, birengagije iryo tegeko nyir’izina. Ihame ryasabaga ko Isirayeli iba itandukanijwe kandi yiharira, itandukanye n’amahanga y’abasenga ibigirwamana yari ayikikije, ryaranzwe kandi rigaragazwa n’uko habayeho kwifatanya no kugirana amasezerano bitakabaye, ari byo nyuma Constantine yagombaga kuzabera ikimenyetso. Perugamo na Constantine bagereranya ubugome bwo kwigomeka kw’abami ba Isirayeli bazanye gusenga ibigirwamana mu itorero ry’Imana. Ukuva ku kwizera kw’ukuri kwatangiriye ku mwami Sawuli kwashushanyaga ukuva ku kwizera kw’ukuri kw’itorero rya Gikristo kwagejeje ku bunyage bwo muri Babuloni ya mwuka. Amateka yera atangirira ku mwami Sawuli agakomeza kugeza ku bunyage bwo muri Babuloni agereranywa n’itorero rya Perugamo. Ubu bunyage bw’imyaka mirongo irindwi bwakurikiyeho bwari itorero rya Tiyatira.
Efeso igereranya Itorero rijya gutsinda Igihugu cy’Isezerano. Efeso igereranya igihe cya Mose n’uko Isirayeli yakuwe mu bubata bwa Egiputa.
“Bibiliya yakusanyije kandi ihuriza hamwe ubutunzi bwayo ku bw’iki gisekuru cya nyuma. Ibyabaye bikomeye byose n’ibikorwa bikomeye kandi by’icyubahiro by’amateka yo mu Isezerano rya Kera byabayeho, kandi biri kongera kubaho mu itorero muri iyi minsi y’imperuka.” Selected Messages, igitabo cya 3, 338, 339.
Amateka agaragazwa no gukizwa mu Egiputa arasubirwamo mu minsi y’imperuka. Ni yo mpamvu kandi yongeye gusubirwamo mu mateka y’Abamillerite. Ni cyo gituma Sister White akunze kugaruka kuri ayo mateka kugira ngo asobanure amateka y’Abamillerite. Ahuzanya Gucika Intege Gukomeye kwo mu 1844 no gucika intege kw’Abaheburayo ubwo bahagararaga imbere y’Inyanja Itukura, ingabo za Farawo zibakurikiye zituruka inyuma. Nanone kandi ahuzanya amateka yo gukizwa mu Egiputa n’igihe cya Kristo; bityo, gucika intege kw’abigishwa ku musaraba kwashushanyijwe n’ugucika intege kwabereye ku Nyanja Itukura, na ko kandi kwashushanyaga Gucika Intege Gukomeye kwo mu 1844. Gucika intege kwabereye ku musaraba kwagereranyaga intangiriro y’itorero rya Efeso. Igihe cya Mose ku ntangiriro ya Isirayeli ya kera, gishushanywa n’itorero rya Efeso, na cyo kandi cyashushanyaga intangiriro ya Isirayeli ya none mu gihe cya Kristo. Ayo mateka yombi agereranywa n’itorero rya Efeso. Ukuri turimo kugaragaza hano kwagiye gutangazwa kenshi ku mugaragaro mu myaka yashize na Future for America, bityo ndimo gusa gutanga incamake.
Mu mateka ya Kristo, tubonamo intangiriro y’abantu b’isezerano rishya barimo kuzamurwa, mu gihe abantu batoranyijwe b’isezerano ryabanje barimo gucikwa. Amateka ya Kristo ni iherezo rya Isirayeli ya kera, kandi mu mateka yo kurokorwa muri Egiputa, ku ntangiriro ya Isirayeli ya kera, habagamo abantu b’isezerano bari baratoranyijwe mbere, bacikwaho kugira ngo hahaguruke abantu b’isezerano rishya.
Mu mateka ya Kristo, ubwoko bwari bwaratoranyijwe mbere bwageze ku iherezo ryabwo rya nyuma mu mwaka wa 70, ubwo Yerusalemu yarimburwaga. Mu ntangiriro, mu gihe cya Mose, ubwo bwoko bwari bwaratoranyijwe mbere bwapfiriye mu butayu mu gihe cy’imyaka mirongo ine, maze Yosuwa na Kalebu baba abahagarariye ubwoko bushya bwatoranyijwe, bwagenewe kugeza ubutumwa mu Gihugu cy’Isezerano, nk’uko intumwa zo mu gihe cy’itorero ry’i Efeso zatwaye ubutumwa bwiza zikabugeza ku isi.
Intangiriro n’iherezo bya Isirayeli ya kera, kimwe n’intangiriro ya Isirayeli ya none, byose bigaragaza kwimuka kw’ubwoko bwari bwaratoranyijwe mbere kujya ku bwoko bushya bwatoranyijwe. Ku buhamya bw’abantu babiri cyangwa batatu ni ho ikintu gishingwa; kandi buri murongo muri iyi itatu y’abahamya ugaragaza iseswa ry’isezerano ry’abari ubwoko bwatoranyijwe mbere, kandi abo bahamya bafite ikimenyetso cya Alufa na Omega, We ugaragaza iherezo ahereye ku ntangiriro. Hazabaho ubwoko bwari bwaratoranyijwe mbere buzatambukwa igihe Imana izagirana isezerano n’abihumbi ijana na mirongo ine na bane. Imana si yo nyir’akajagari; ntihinduka na rimwe, kandi ijambo ryayo ntirinanirwa.
Gukurwa muri Egiputa n’insinzi Imana yagejejeho ibinyujije kuri Yosuwa bishushanywa n’itorero rya Efeso, ariko Efeso yari igenewe kuzatakaza urukundo rwayo rwa mbere. Yosuwa amaze gushyirwa mu buruhukiro, hahagurutse ikindi gisekuru, gishyira ikimenyetso ku gihe gishushanywa na Simuruna. Umurimo utangaje Yosuwa yakoze wo guhanagura Igihugu cy’Isezerano ntiwigeze urangizwa mu buryo bwuzuye, kuko ubwoko bwanyuzwe na bwo ubwabwo maze bureka umurimo Yosuwa yari yarahawe. Batakaje urukundo rwabo rwa mbere. Icyo gihe cyakomeje kugeza ubwo Isirayeli yanze Imana maze Samweli asīga amavuta ku mwami Sawuli, bityo hinjizwa itorero rya Perugamo.
“Ubutumwa bwagejejwe i Simuruna, itorero ryo muri Aziya Ntoya, kandi ni ko bwagejejwe n’itorero rya Gikristo muri rusange, mu kinyejana cya kabiri n’icya gatatu. Hari mu gihe ubupagani bwakoraga urugamba rwa nyuma rwo guharanira ubutegetsi bw’ikirenga mu isi. Ubukristo bwari bwarakwirakwiye vuba mu buryo butangaje, kugeza ubwo bwari bwaramenyekanye mu isi yose. Bamwe bemeye kwizera kwa Kristo bitewe no guhinduka kw’imitima yabo, abandi babiterwa n’imbaraga z’ingingo zatsindagirizwaga, naho abandi na bo babiterwa n’uko babonaga ko icyateza imbere ubupagani cyari kigenda gicika intege, maze inyungu za politiki zikaberekeza ku ruhande rwasezeranyaga kuzatsinda. Ibyo byatumye ubuzima bw’umwuka bw’itorero bugabanuka. Umwuka w’Ubuhanuzi, warangaga itorero ry’intumwa, wagiye uzimira buhoro buhoro. Iyi ni impano ituma itorero yeguriwe rigera ku bumwe bwo kwizera. Ubwo hatakibonekaga abahanuzi b’ukuri, inyigisho z’ibinyoma zakwirakwijwe vuba; filozofiya y’Abagiriki yatumye Ibyanditswe bisobanurwa uko bitari, kandi no kwigira intungane kw’Abafarisayo ba kera, Kristo yakundaga gucyaha kenshi, byongeye kugaragara hagati mu itorero. Mu binyejana bibiri byabanjirije ingoma ya Konstantino hashyizweho urufatiro rw’ibyo byago byagaragaye byuzuye mu binyejana bibiri byakurikiyeho. Muri icyo gihe, ubuhamya bw’abahowe ukwizera bwamenyekanye cyane mu bice byinshi by’Ubwami bw’Abaroma. N’ubwo ibyo byasa n’ibitangaje, ntibireka kuba ukuri. Byatewe n’imibanire yari hagati y’Abakristo n’abapagani.”
“Mu isi y’Abaroma idini y’amahanga yose yarubahirwaga, ariko Abakristo bo ntibari ishyanga; bari gusa agatsiko k’ubwoko bwasuzugurwaga. Bityo rero, igihe bakomezaga kwamagana idini y’abantu b’amoko yose, igihe bakoranaga amateraniro mu ibanga, kandi bakitandukanya rwose n’imigenzo n’imikorere y’abavandimwe babo ba bugufi n’incuti zabo za hafi cyane, bahindutse abo gukekwaho, kandi kenshi bakaba abo gutotezwa n’abategetsi b’abapagani. Kenshi bikururiraga ubwabo itotezwa, mu gihe mu mitima y’abategetsi nta mwuka wo kubarwanya wabagamo. Mu kugaragaza uwo mwuka, amateka atanga ibisobanuro birambuye by’iyicwa rya Sipiriyani, umwepiskopi wa Karitagi. Igihe urubanza rwe rwasomerwaga, ijwi ry’abantu benshi b’Abakristo bari bateraniye aho ryahise ryumvikana, bavuga bati: ‘Tuzapfana na we.’”
“Umwuka benshi mu biyitaga Abakristo bemereranyagamo urupfu, ndetse bakanakururira ubusa urwango rw’ubutegetsi, birashoboka cyane ko wagize uruhare runini mu gutangazwa, mu mwaka wa 303 nyuma ya Kristo, kw’itegeko ry’itoteza ryatanzwe n’umwami w’abami Diocletian hamwe n’umufasha we Galerius. Iryo tegeko ryari iry’isi yose mu ntego yaryo, kandi ryashyizwe mu bikorwa mu buryo bukomeye cyangwa butari bumwe mu gihe cy’imyaka icumi.” Steven Haskell, The Story of the Seer of Patmos, 50. 51.
Nubwo i Simuruna ari rimwe mu matorero abiri atahawe igihano n’Umwami, amateka ahamya ko abiciwe ukwizera muri icyo gihe bashushanya bamwe bari bafite impamvu zishingiye ku bushake bwa kimuntu aho gushingira ku mbaraga ziva ku Mana. Igitabo cy’Abacamanza gitangira kigaragaza urupfu rwa Yosuwa, kandi muri icyo gitabo harimo umurongo usubirwamo incuro ebyiri usobanura amateka y’abacamanza. Incuro ya kabiri uwo murongo uvugwamo ni wo murongo wa nyuma w’icyo gitabo. Umurongo wa mbere w’icyo gitabo uranga iherezo rya Yosuwa, naho umurongo wa nyuma ugatanga incamake y’amateka.
Nuko nyuma y’urupfu rwa Yosuwa, abana ba Isirayeli babaza Uwiteka bati: “Ni nde uzadutangira kuzamuka kurwanya Abanyakanāni, kugira ngo turwane na bo?” … Muri iyo minsi nta mwami wari muri Isirayeli, ahubwo umuntu wese yakoraga ibyamubonaga ko ari byiza mu maso ye bwite … Muri iyo minsi nta mwami wari muri Isirayeli: umuntu wese yakoraga ibyamubonaga ko ari byiza mu maso ye bwite. Abacamanza 1:1; 17:16; 21:25.
Nk’uko byari bimeze mu mateka ya Simuruna, “kwikunda” cyari insanganyamatsiko y’ingenzi uhereye mu ntangiriro ukageza ku iherezo. Kubera ko batagiraga umwami, biyemeje gukora icyo ari cyo cyose bishakiye gukora. Kubura ubuyobozi ni cyo Haskell yagaragaje mu mateka ya Simuruna, cyashushanywaga no kutabaho kw’Umwuka w’Ubuhanuzi ukora. Muri ayo mateka yombi, kubura ubuyobozi kwakinguye urugi kugira ngo hafatwe ibyemezo bishingiye ku mpamvu umuntu ubwe afitemo. Efeso ishushanya gukizwa kuva muri Egiputa. Amateka yanditswe mu gitabo cy’Abacamanza ashushanywa n’itorero rya Simuruna. Uhereye ku mwami Sawuli kugeza ku bunyage bw’i Babuloni hashushanywa n’itorero rya Perugamo, kandi ubunyage bw’i Babuloni bugashushanywa n’itorero rya Tiyatira.
Mu byo abapayiniya babonye bihuje, mu matorero, mu bimenyetso no mu mpanda, harimo igabanyabice rya kane na gatatu; kandi amatorero ane ya mbere mu mateka ya Isirayeli ya kera atangirana n’ubunyage bwo muri Egiputa agasozwa n’ubunyage bw’i Babuloni, kuko Alfa na Omega buri gihe agaragaza iherezo ahuza n’intangiriro. Amatorero ane ya mbere mu mateka ya Isirayeli ya none atangirana no gutegekwa kw’Abayuda n’ubutegetsi bw’Abaroma, kandi ayo matorero ane asozwa no gutegekwa kw’Abayuda bo mu buryo bw’umwuka na Roma yo mu buryo bw’umwuka mu gihe cy’imyaka igihumbi na magana abiri na mirongo itandatu.
Iyakurikiye Tiyatira ni Sarudi, yatangiye igihe bavanwaga mu bunyage bw’i Babuloni bwagereranywaga na Tiyatira. Sarudi ni ryo torero ryari rifite izina yuko ari rizima, nyamara ntiryari rizima. Kwatura kwaryo ko rifite ubugingo kwari ikinyoma. Igishimishije ni uko, mu matorero arindwi yose, ari ijambo Sarudi ridafite igisobanuro. Sarudi yahawe ibisobanuro bishingiye ku murongo w’amateka no ku mirongo y’Ibyanditswe, ariko nta gisobanuro cy’izina ryayo gishingiye ku nkomoko yaryo gihari. Ifite izina, ariko ntirifite.
“Ariko urusengero rwa kabiri ntirwagereranyaga urwa mbere mu bwiza; kandi nta n’ibimenyetso bigaragara by’ukubaho kw’Imana byarurangaga, nk’uko byari ku rusengero rwa mbere. Nta kwigaragaza kw’imbaraga ndengakamere kwabayeho ngo kuranga ukurwegurira Imana. Nta gicu cy’ubwiza cyabonetse cyuzuza ahera hashya haho hubatswe. Nta muriro wavuye mu ijuru wamanutse ngo utwike igitambo ku gicaniro cyarwo. Shekina ntiyari ikiba hagati y’abakerubi ahera cyane; isanduku y’isezerano, intebe y’imbabazi, n’amasahani y’ubuhamya ntibyabonekaga muri rwo. Nta jwi ryumvikanye riturutse mu ijuru ngo rimenyeshe umutambyi wabazaga ibyo ubushake bwa Yehova ari bwo.” The Great Controversy, 24.
Nyuma y’ubunyage bwa Babuloni bongeye kubaka Yerusalemu n’urusengero. Hanyuma bongera kugira izina, kuko Imana yari yarasezeranye gushyira izina ryayo i Yerusalemu. Ariko izina ryayo rihagarariye imico yayo, kandi ukubura k’ukubaho kwayo bwite kwagaragazaga ko bari bafite izina ryahagarariraga ubugingo, ariko mu by’ukuri, batagifite kubaho kwayo gutanga ubugingo. Icyo bari bafite by’ukuri cyari ukwatura gusa n’uburyarya.
Ijwi rya nyuma muri Sarudi ryasezeranyaga ibyerekeye Eliya wagombaga kuza mbere y’umunsi ukomeye kandi uteye ubwoba w’Umwami. Ku Bisirayeli ba kera, irimbuka rya Yerusalemu ni ryo ryari umunsi ukomeye kandi uteye ubwoba w’Umwami. Ni yo mpamvu Mushiki wa White yerekeza ku irimbuka rya Yerusalemu mu mwaka wa 70 Nyuma ya Kristo nk’ishusho y’umunsi ukomeye kandi uteye ubwoba w’Umwami, ugereranywa n’ibyorezo birindwi bya nyuma. Itorero rya Filadelifiya ryatangiranye n’ijwi rya Yohana Umubatiza rirangurura mu butayu, bityo rikaba ishushanyo ry’ijwi rya William Miller. Amajwi ya Yohana Umubatiza na William Miller yatangaga ubutumwa bwa Lawodikiya ku bantu bibwiraga ko byose bimeze neza, kandi nyamara byose byari bimeze nabi rwose. Yohana Umubatiza na William Miller bombi bashyize ishoka ku mizi y’igiti. Ubutumwa bwahawe Sarudi bwari ubu: ko hariho “amazina make no muri Sarudi atanduje imyambaro yayo; kandi azagendana nanjye yambaye umweru, kuko akwiriye.” Yohana Umubatiza na William Miller bahagarariye abavuye mu gihe gishushanywa na Sarudi kandi bari bakwiriye kugendana na Kristo.
Ibihumbi n’ibihumbi bayobowe kwemera ukuri kwabwirizwaga na William Miller, kandi abagaragu b’Imana barahagurutswe mu mwuka no mu mbaraga bya Eliya kugira ngo batangaze ubwo butumwa. Kimwe na Yohana, integuza ya Yesu, ababwirizaga ubu butumwa bukomeye bumvise bategetswe gushyira ishoka ku muzi w’igiti no guhamagarira abantu kwera imbuto zikwiriye ukwihana. Ubuhamya bwabo bwari bugenewe gukangura no kugira ingaruka zikomeye ku matorero no kugaragaza imimerere yayo nyakuri. Kandi ubwo umuburo ukomeye wo guhunga umujinya uzaza watangazwaga, benshi bari bifatanyije n’amatorero bakiriye ubutumwa bukiza; babonye uko basubiye inyuma, maze bafite amarira arura y’ukwihana n’umubabaro mwinshi mu bugingo, bicisha bugufi imbere y’Imana. Kandi ubwo Umwuka w’Imana wabagumagaho, bafashije kurangurura ijwi bati: “Nimutinye Imana, muyihe icyubahiro; kuko igihe cy’urubanza rwayo gisohoye.” Early Writings, 233.
Amatorero arindwi y’Ibyahishuwe agereranya amateka y’intumwa kuva mu gihe cyazo kugeza ku Kugaruka kwa Kabiri kwa Kristo, kandi ayo matorero arindwi anagereranya amateka ya Isirayeli ya kera kuva ku muhanuzi Mose kugeza ku kuza kwa mbere kwa Kristo.
“Amakuba yageze ku bana ba Isirayeli, n’imyitwarire yabo mbere gato yo kuza kwa mbere kwa Kristo, byerekana uko ubwoko bw’Imana buzaba buhagaze mu mibereho yabwo mbere yo kuza kwa kabiri kwa Kristo.
“Imitego ya Satani irateguriwe kutwibasira nk’uko mu by’ukuri yari yarateguriwe abana ba Isirayeli mbere gato y’uko binjira mu gihugu cya Kanani. Turimo gusubira mu mateka y’abo bantu.
“Amateka yabo akwiriye kutubera umuburo ukomeye. Ntidukwiriye na rimwe kwitega ko, igihe Umwami afite umucyo ashakira ubwoko bwe, Satani azahagarara atuje iruhande adashyizeho imbaraga zo kubabuza kuwakira. Twirinde ko tutakwanga umucyo Imana yohereza, kuko utaje mu buryo budushimisha.... Niba hari bamwe batabona kandi ntibemere uwo mucyo ubwabo, ntibagahagarare mu nzira y’abandi.
“Ndahamya ijuru n’isi kuri uyu munsi kubarwanya, yuko mbashyize imbere ubugingo n’urupfu, umugisha n’umuvumo; nuko rero muhitemo ubugingo, kugira ngo mubeho, mwe n’urubyaro rwanyu; kugira ngo ukunde Uwiteka Imana yawe, kandi wumvire ijwi rye, kandi umwifatanyeho akaramata; kuko ari we bugingo bwawe n’uburebure bw’iminsi yawe; kugira ngo uzature mu gihugu Uwiteka yarahiye ba sogokuruza bawe, ari bo Aburahamu, Isaka na Yakobo, ko azabaha.”
“Iyi ndirimbo ntiyari iy’amateka, ahubwo yari iy’ubuhanuzi. Nubwo yagaragazaga imikorere itangaje y’Imana ku bwoko bwayo mu bihe byahise, yanabimburiraga ibyabaye bikomeye byo mu gihe kizaza, ni ukuvuga kunesha kwa nyuma kw’abizerwa igihe Kristo azaza ubwa kabiri afite imbaraga n’ubwiza.
“Intumwa Pawulo ivuga yeruye ko ibyabaye ku Bisirayeli mu ngendo zabo byanditswe ku bw’inyungu y’ababaho muri iki gihe cy’isi, abo imperuka z’ibihe zagezeho. Ntidutekereza ko ibyago byacu ari bito kurusha iby’Abaheburayo, ahubwo ni byinshi kurushaho.” Healthful Living, 280, 281.
Gucungurwa kuva muri Egiputa gushushanywa n’Itorero rya Efeso, kandi ikimenyetso cy’Itorero rya Efeso muri ayo mateka cyari Yosuwa. Nyuma y’uko abo Imana yakuyemo muri Egiputa bananiwe ibigeragezo icumi bikurikirana, Umwami yakuye isezerano ku bigometseho arariha Yosuwa na Kalebu.
Ubabwire uti: Nk’uko ndiho koko, ni ko Uwiteka avuga, nk’uko mwavugiye mu matwi yanjye, ni ko nzabagirira: Intumbi zanyu zizagwa muri ubu butayu; kandi ababaruwe bose bo muri mwe, hakurikijwe umubare wanyu wose, uhereye ku bafite imyaka makumyabiri kuzamura, mwanyitotombyeho, ni ukuri ntimuzinjira mu gihugu navuze ndahiye ko nzabatuzamo, keretse Kalebu mwene Yefune, na Yosuwa mwene Nuni. Kubara 14:28–30.
Mushiki White agaragaza ko Yosuwa na Kalebu bahagarariye abagezweho n’“impera z’isi,” kandi “bagirana isezerano n’Imana binyuze ku gitambo.”
“Kugira ngo bitubere umuburo, twebwe abasohorejweho n’imperuka z’isi, ni yo mpamvu aya mateka yanditswe. Mbega ukuntu kenshi ubwoko bw’Imana bwo muri iki gihe busubiramo ibyabaye ku bana ba Isirayeli! Mbega ukuntu kenshi bitotombera bikaninuba! Mbega ukuntu kenshi bisubira inyuma igihe Uwiteka ababwiye kujya imbere! Umurimo w’Imana urababara kubera kubura abantu nka Kalebu na Yosuwa, abantu b’indahemuka n’icyizere kidahungabana. Imana irahamagarira abantu baziyegurira kugira ngo buzuzwe Umwuka wayo. Umurimo wa Kristo n’uw’ikiremwamuntu bisaba abantu bejejwe, bitangira abandi, abantu bazasohoka bakava hanze y’ingando, bitwaje igisuzuguriro. Babe abantu bakomeye, b’intwari, bakwiriye imirimo ikomeye, kandi bagirane isezerano n’Imana babinyujije mu gitambo.” Review and Herald, 20 Gicurasi 1902.
Isezerano rivugururwa, nk’uko bigaragazwa n’isezerano rivugururwa na Yosuwa na Kalebu, ni isezerano rikorwa n’abihumbi ijana na mirongo ine na bane hamwe n’imbaga y’abantu benshi. Rivugururwa nyuma y’uko abantu b’isezerano ba mbere batoranyijwe batandukanywa n’Imana kandi bagenewe gupfira mu butayu. Isezerano n’abihumbi ijana na mirongo ine na bane risohora muri ya mateka nyene aho abantu batoranyijwe ba mbere banzewe.
Efurayo bisobanura ikifuzwa, kandi umurimo wakozwe na Yosuwa n’Itorero rya mbere wari “uwifuzwa.” Igihe Yosuwa yayoboraga ubwoko bw’Imana abwinjiza mu Gihugu cy’Isezerano, yagiye anesha. Ikimenyetso cya mbere kijyana n’Itorero ry’i Efeso, kandi kigereranywa n’ifarashi y’umweru igenda inesha. Ibi byari ukuri kuri Yosuwa no ku Itorero ry’intumwa. Ikimenyetso cya mbere kijyana n’Itorero ry’i Efeso haba muri Isirayeli ya kera no muri Isirayeli ya none.
Smyrna ikomoka ku ijambo “myrrh,” ari ryo mavuta yakoreshwaga mu gusiga intumbi. Ikimenyetso cya kabiri gishushanywa n’ifarashi itukura yahawe “inkota nini” n’“ububasha” bwo gukura “amahoro mu isi,” ibyo bikaba byasobanuraga ko abantu bo muri ayo mateka bari “kwicana.” Ikimenyetso cya kabiri kijyana n’itorero rya Smyrna, kandi kigereranya ubutware abanzi b’Imana bahawe, bubemerera kunesha no kwica ubwoko bw’Imana. Ibi byasohoye mu gihe cyakurikiye itorero ry’intumwa, kandi no mu mateka y’Abacamanza. Muri ayo mateka yombi Imana yemeye ko imbaraga zitari iz’ubwoko bwayo zibazanaho intambara n’urupfu. Mu itorero ry’intumwa, iyo ntambara yatewe no kwanga idini rya Kristo, ari ryo mu gihe cyabanje cya Efeso ryari ritarananirwa ubwo ryagezaga ubutumwa bwiza ku isi. Impamvu yatumaga abanzi b’ubwoko bw’Imana bakora muri ubwo buryo mu gihe cy’Abacamanza yari ishingiye ku gihe cyabanje cya Efeso, aho Imana yerekaniye imbaraga zayo kuri Egiputa no ku mahanga yakurikiyeho Yosuwa yakoreshejwe kunesha. Ikimenyetso cya kabiri kijyana n’itorero rya Smyrna muri Isirayeli ya kera no muri Isirayeli ya none.
Perugamo bisobanura “ikigo gikomeye gikingiwe,” bityo bikagereranya ingoro y’umwami. Ikimenyetso cya gatatu kijyana na Perugamo kandi kigaragaza amateka aho urubanza rw’abantu rushyirwa mu bikorwa n’abami bo mu isi mu kurwanya urubanza rw’Imana. Bityo, igipimo, cyangwa urubanza ruhagarariwe n’iminzani “ibiri” ipima “ingano,” “sayiri,” “amavuta” na “vino;” kigaragaza ubutware bwa cyami bw’abantu, buhora bufite inenge iyo bugereranyijwe n’urubanza rw’Imana. Ibuke ko gupima mu kuri cyangwa gupima ku munzani mu kuri bidasaba iminzani ibiri. Iminzani ibiri igereranya urubanza rutangana.
“Sayiri” ni ikimenyetso cy’ituro cy’“umuganura” w’umunsi mukuru wa Pasika; “ingano” na zo ni ikimenyetso cy’ituro cy’umunsi mukuru wa Pentekote, ari cyo “mitsima ibiri y’ituro rizungazungwa.” “Amavuta” ni ikimenyetso cya Mwuka Wera, kandi “divayi” ni ikimenyetso cy’inyigisho. Perugamo mu gihe cya Isirayeli ya kera ni igihe cy’abami ba Isirayeli bateshutse ku kuri, bazaniye urubanza gahunda y’Imana yo gusenga, igereranywa n’igihe gihera kuri Pasika kikageza kuri Pentekote. Ukuri kw’ijambo ry’Imana kugaragazwa na “divayi” n’“amavuta.” Muri Isirayeli ya kera no muri Isirayeli ya none, itorero rya Perugamo ni igihe Satani agerageza gusohoza icyo atashoboye gukora binyuze mu kumena amaraso mu mateka agereranywa na Simuruna. Muri Perugamo, Satani yagerageje kurimbura ubwoko bw’Imana n’ukuri kw’Imana akoresheje ubwumvikane bwo guteshuka, atabikoresheje mu kumena amaraso nk’uko bigaragazwa muri Simuruna. Ubwumvikane bwo guteshuka kw’abami ba Isirayeli ya kera ni ikigereranyo cy’ubwumvikane bwo guteshuka kwa Konsitantino muri Isirayeli ya none.
Tiyatira bisobanurwa ngo “igitambo cyo kwicuza,” kandi bivuga wa mwuka wo gupfira ukwizera Imana iha abantu bayo bicirwa izina ryayo. Igitambo cyo kwicuza kigereranya ubushake bwo gukorera Kristo mu bihe bikomeye cyane, nk’uko byagaragajwe na Daniyeli, Shaduraki, Meshaki na Abedenego mu gihe cy’ubunyage bw’imyaka mirongo irindwi; kandi nanone kigereranya igitambo cy’Abawalidense, Abahugeno n’abandi batotejwe, bagafungwa, bagaharabikwa kandi bakicwa n’ubutegetsi bwa gipapa mu mateka y’iyo myaka igihumbi na magana abiri na mirongo itandatu. Ikimenyetso cya kane kigendera kimwe n’itorero rya Tiyatira kandi kigereranya itotezwa ryakozwe na Babuloni ya kera ku Bisirayeli ba kera n’itotezwa ryakozwe na Babuloni ya none ku Bisirayeli ba none. Amateka y’iyo minyago yombi yabanje gusaba guteshuka ku kuri, ibyo bikaba byarakozwe n’abami ba Isirayeli n’umwami w’abami Konsitantino. Byombi byateguye inzira y’igihe kigereranywa na Tiyatira.
Sarudi ntafite icyo isobanura gihuje no kwatura izina, ahubwo uko kwatura ni ikinyoma. Kubaho kwa Shekinah ntikwigeze kugaragarira mu rusengero rwa kabiri. Kubaho kwa Kristo ntikwigeze kugaragarira mu mateka ya Sarudi. Ivugurura ryo mu Gihe cy’Umwijima mu by’ukuri ryari uruhererekane rw’intambwe imwe ijya imbere n’ebyiri zisubira inyuma. Umurimo amateka ya Sarudi yagombaga gusohoza mu Ivugurura ry’Abaporotesitanti ntiwigeze urangizwa burundu.
Filadelifiya bisobanura urukundo rwa kivandimwe, kandi ntibishoboka gukunda umuvandimwe wawe niba utabanje gukunda Imana.
Umuntu navuga ati: Nkunda Imana, ariko akanga mwene Se, aba ari umubeshyi; kuko udakunda mwene Se yabonye, yabasha ate gukunda Imana atabonye? Kandi iri tegeko twarihawe na we ni iri: ko ukunda Imana akwiriye no gukunda mwene Se. 1 Yohana 4:20, 21.
Filadelifiya ishushanya itorero rikunda Imana, kandi ni yo mpamvu Filadelifiya itagirwaho gucirwaho iteka cyangwa guhanwa.
Kandi wandikire marayika w’itorero ry’i Filadelufiya uti: Uwera, Umunyabyo, ufite urufunguzo rwa Dawidi, ufungura ntihagire n’umwe ukinga, kandi akinga ntihagire n’umwe ufungura, ni we uvuga atya ati: Nzi imirimo yawe. Dore, ngushyize imbere urugi rukinguye, kandi nta wushobora kurukinga; kuko ufite imbaraga nke, ariko ukaba warakomeje ijambo ryanjye, kandi ntiwihakane izina ryanjye. Dore, abo mu isinagogi ya Satani, abavuga ko ari Abayuda, nyamara atari bo, ahubwo bakabeshya, dore nzatuma baza kuramya imbere y’ibirenge byawe, kandi bamenye ko nagukunze. Kubera ko wakomeje ijambo ryo kwihangana kwanjye, nanjye nzakurinda mu gihe cy’igeragezwa, kizaza ku isi yose, kugira ngo kigerageze abatuye mu isi. Dore, ndaza vuba: komeza ushikame ku byo ufite, kugira ngo hatagira ugutwara ikamba ryawe. Unesha nzamugira inkingi mu rusengero rw’Imana yanjye, kandi ntazongera kuvamo ukundi; kandi nzamwandikaho izina ry’Imana yanjye, n’izina ry’umudugudu w’Imana yanjye, ari wo Yerusalemu nshya, umanuka uva mu ijuru ku Mana yanjye; kandi nzamwandikaho izina ryanjye rishya. Ibyahishuwe 3:7–12.
Filadelifiya ihabwa “urufunguzo rwa Dawidi,” kandi mu mateka ya Filadelifiya yo muri Isirayeli ya kera bahawe Umwana wa Dawidi, uhagararira, mu bindi, ihame ry’ubuhanuzi rya Alufa na Omega, uwa mbere n’uwa nyuma. Urwo rufunguzo ruhagararira uburyo bw’imyumvire bwitwa “historicism.” Mu gihe gihagarariwe n’itorero rya Filadelifiya ku iherezo rya Isirayeli ya kera, Umwanditsi ubwe w’ubuhanuzi bwa Bibiliya ni we wari urufunguzo. Mu gihe gihagarariwe n’itorero rya Filadelifiya mu mateka ya ba Millerite, William Miller yahawe urufunguzo. Muri ayo mateka yombi, Kristo yakoranye n’Abayahudi bibwiraga ko ari bene Aburahamu, nyamara atari bo. Miller yakoranye n’Abaporotesitanti bibwiraga ko ari Abayahudi b’umwuka, nyamara atari bo.
Ufite ugutwi niyumve ibyo Mwuka abwira amatorero. Ibyahishuwe 3:13.
Laodiceya risobanura abantu baciriwe urubanza, kandi Abalawodiceya, ari bo Bayuda bo mu gihe cya Kristo, amaherezo baciriwe urubanza mu mwaka wa 70 nyuma ya Kristo ubwo Yerusalemu yarimburwaga. Urubanza rwa nyuma rw’Abaporotesitanti bateshutse ku kwizera rubaho mu gihe cy’ikibazo cy’itegeko ryo ku Cyumweru, ariko bahuye n’urubanza rwabo igihe banze ubutumwa bwa marayika wa mbere mu mpeshyi yo mu 1844, maze icyo gihe batangazwa n’Imana ko ari abakobwa ba Babuloni. Abo Baporotesitanti baguye bagereranya U-Adiventisimu bw’i Lawodiceya bwo mu minsi ya nyuma y’urubanza rw’igenzura.
Ubu rero twasubiyemo mu buryo bw’ibanze uburyo bunyuranye butari buke amatorero arindwi yo mu Ibyahishuwe ashobora gusobanurwa mu buryo bukwiye nk’ibimenyetso by’ubuhanuzi, hanyuma agakoreshwa mu buryo bw’ubuhanuzi. Ariko agomba gusobanurwa kandi agakoreshwa mu rwego rw’amategeko y’ubuhanuzi “twahawe n’ubuyobozi bukuru bw’ikirenga.”
Ubutumwa bwandikiwe amatorero arindwi bwari ubutumwa bwahawe amatorero arindwi yariho mu gihe Yohana yandikaga ubwo butumwa. Ubutumwa bwandikiwe amatorero arindwi butanga inyigisho n’imiburo ku matorero yose mu mateka yose. Ubutumwa bwandikiwe amatorero arindwi butanga inyigisho n’imiburo ku Bakristo ku giti cyabo mu mateka yose. Ayo matorero arindwi ahagarariye amateka y’Ubukristo uhereye mu gihe cy’intumwa kugeza ku mperuka y’isi. Ayo matorero arindwi ahagarariye amateka ya Isirayeli ya kera uhereye mu gihe cya Mose kugeza ku irimbuka rya Yerusalemu mu mwaka wa 70 nyuma ya Kristo. Ayo matorero arindwi ashobora kumenyekana no gushyirwa mu bikorwa hifashishijwe gutandukanya amatorero ane ya mbere n’amatorero atatu ya nyuma.
Mu ngiro esheshatu zinyuranye z’iyerekwa ry’ubuhanuzi turimo gutahura, izo ngiro nyine ni zo zigaragazwa no mu bimenyetso birindwi.
Tuzasesengura kuri uku kuri mu nyandiko itaha.