Bhuku ya Daniele — Nomboro Imwe Namazana Masere```

உரியா ஸ்மித் இவ்வாறு எழுதினார்: “ரோமா, கி.மு. 162-ஆம் ஆண்டில், உடன்படிக்கையின் மூலம் தேவனுடைய ஜனங்களான யூதர்களுடன் தொடர்புபடுத்தப்பட்டது.” நவீன வரலாற்றாசிரியர்களில் பெரும்பாலோர் அந்தத் தேதியை கி.மு. 161 என்று குறிப்பிடுகின்றனர்; அதே நூலில் ஸ்மித் அவர்களும் இரண்டு முறை கி.மு. 161 என்பதைக் குறிப்பிட்டுள்ளார். ஆகையால், கி.மு. 162 என்று உள்ள இந்தக் குறிப்பு அச்சுப் பிழையாக இருக்கலாம் என்பதே என் கருதுகோள்.

Nhetembo dzegumi neimwe nedzegumi nembiri dzinotsanangura kukunda nemigumisiro yakatevera Hondo yeRafiya, yakaitika muna 217 BC, pakati peHumambo hwevaSeleucid, hwaitungamirirwa naAntiochus III Mukuru, neHumambo hwePtolemaic hweIjipiti, hwaitungamirirwa naMambo Ptolemy IV Philopator.

Hondo yePanium, yakaitika makore gumi nemanomwe gare gare muna 200 BC, yakaitazve pakati poumambo hweSeleucid noumambo hwePtolemaic.

Uqhankqalazo lwamaMaccabee lwaqala ngowe-167 BC, futhi lwaba ukuvukela kwamaJuda ngokumelene nemizamo yoMbuso wakwaSeleucid yokucindezela imikhuba yenkolo yamaJuda nokuphoqelela isiko lamaGrikhi.

Kudzoserezve kweTemberi yeChipiri muJerusarema, uko kunoratidza chiitiko chenhoroondo chinopembererwa panguva yeHanukkah, kwakaitika muna 164 BC, makore matatu “sungano” yendima makumi maviri nenhatu isati yavapo. Chiitiko ichi chakatevera mushandirapamwe wehondo wakabudirira wavaMaccabee pakurwisa mauto eHumambo hweSeleucid, achitungamirirwa naAntiochus IV Epiphanes ane mukurumbira wakaipa, uyo akanga asvibisa Temberi uye arambidza miitiro yechitendero chechiJudha. Antiochus IV Epiphanes akafa nguva pfupi mushure mekukunda kunorangarirwa neHanukkah, uye izvi zvinoratidza kuderera kwesimba reSiria kubva panguva iyoyo zvichienda mberi munhoroondo.

Muna 200 BC, (iyo yakanga iriwo nguva yeHondo yePanium), Roma, kekutanga, yakazvipinza munhoroondo yechiporofita yaDanieri chitsauko chegumi neimwe. Ipapo pane chiratidzo chinosimbisa chiono. Kufurira kwacho kwakanangana munhoroondo iyoyo kunoratidza basa raJezebheri, chiratidzo chekereke inodhonza tambo iri kumashure kwezviitiko. Jezebheri akanga ari kumusha muSamaria apo murume wake Ahabhu akatarira vaporofita vake vachiurayiwa naEria. Herodhiasi akanga asiri pamabiko okuberekwa kwaHerodhi, apo mwanasikana wake Sarome akanyengedza Herodhi. Munhoroondo yeUnited States, upapa, hunomiririrwa nehure reTire, hunokanganwikwa, kusvikira pakuguma kwemakore makumi manomwe echiratidzo. Panguva iyoyo hunobva hwatanga kuimba nziyo dzahwo dzokunyengera kumadzimambo enyika. Gore ra200 BC rinomiririra nguva yahunotanga kuimba pachena kumadzimambo mumazuva okupedzisira, nguva pfupi pamberi pomurayiro weSvondo uri kuuya nokukurumidza, sezvinomiririrwa mundima yegumi nenhanhatu.

Mbele ya “muungano” wa Wayahudi wa mwaka 161 KK hadi 158 KK, Wamakabayo waliliweka wakfu tena hekalu, kama inavyoadhimishwa na Hanukkah katika mwaka 164 KK. Kisha, miaka mitatu baadaye, wakiwa bado katika mapambano yanayoendelea na Wasyria, Wayahudi wa Kimakabayo walifika kwa Rumi kuomba msaada. “Muungano” na Rumi ulioundwa wakati huo unakuwa jaribio la kinabii kwa wanafunzi wa unabii wa siku za mwisho wa Mungu.

Nhoroondo inozivisa gore ra161 BC senzvimbo yakaitika “sungano” yacho, asi mapiyona anoratidza nhoroondo iyoyo segore ra158 BC. Ko Miller akanga akarurama here, kana kuti vanyori venhoroondo vemazuva ano ndivo vakarurama? Miller akawedzera makore mazana matanhatu nemakumi matanhatu nematanhatu (666) kugore ra158 BC, akasvika pagore ra508, apo “zuva nezuva” rakabviswa. Kunyange ukatsvaka zvakadii, zvichava zvakaoma zvikuru, kana zvisiri kutombobvira, kuwana tsigiro yenhoroondo inotsigira 158 BC segore resungano pakati pevaJudha nevaRoma.

Vhesi regumi nenhanhatu ndiwo mutemo weSvondo, asi zvisati zvasvika ipapo nhoroondo inoratidza Roma ichipinda munyaya kuti isimbise chiratidzo mugore ra200 BC. Kumukira kwavaMaccabean kwakatanga paModein muna 167 BC, uye pakupedzisira vakatsaurazve temberi muna 164 BC. Zvino kubva muna 161 BC kusvika muna 158 BC, vaJudha vakapinda musungano nesimba reRoma. Nguva iri kubva muna 161 BC kusvika muna 158 BC inomirira nguva yakanga ichidikanwa kuti “sungano” isimbaradzwe. Kunzwisisa uku kunozivisa “sungano” nenzira inowirirana neuchapupu hwevanyori venhoroondo, uyewo nechati yakatungamirirwa neruoko rwaShe uye isingafaniri kushandurwa.

Vanyori venhoroondo vanotizivisa kuti maitiro ekutaurirana zvibvumirano pakati penyika dzekare dzakaita seJudha neRoma muzana remakore rechipiri BC, aisiyana zvichienderana nemamiriro ezvinhu chaiwo, zviga zvemadhipuramatiki, uye masimba aishanda pakati pavo. Kazhinji, maitiro acho aivamba nerimwe bato richiratidza chido chokutanga chibvumirano kana mubatanidzwa nerimwe. Panyaya yaJudha neRoma, Judha ndiye akatanga kuonana neRoma kuti ape chirevo chomubatanidzwa wakarongeka zviri pamutemo.

Migero ya kidiplomasia ingekuwa imetumiwa kuwasilisha pendekezo hilo na kuanzisha mazungumzo. Hili lilipaswa kuhusisha kutuma mabalozi au wajumbe kwenda Rumi ili kukutana na viongozi wake au wawakilishi wake. Mara mazungumzo yalipoanza, pande zote mbili zingejadili masharti ya mkataba uliopendekezwa. Hili lingeweza kuhusisha mfululizo wa mikutano, kubadilishana ujumbe wa kidiplomasia, na huenda pia ushiriki wa wapatanishi au wawezeshaji ili kurahisisha majadiliano. Wakati wa mazungumzo, kila upande ungezingatia masharti yaliyopendekezwa na upande mwingine, na ungeweza kutoa mapendekezo mbadala au kutafuta marekebisho ya baadhi ya masharti. Mchakato huu ungeweza kuhusisha tafakari ya makini, mashauriano na washauri, na tathmini za manufaa yanayoweza kupatikana pamoja na hasara za mkataba uliopendekezwa.

Kana mativi ese ari maviri asvika pachibvumirano pamusoro pezviga zvesungano, gwaro repamutemo raizogadzirwa richitsanangura zvizere zviga nemamiriro ezvinhu zvakabvumiranwa nemativi ese ari maviri. Sungano yacho yaizofanira zvino kusimbiswa nezviremera zvakakodzera zverudzi rumwe norumwe. Panyaya yeRoma, izvi zvaigona kusanganisira kubvumidzwa neSeneti kana nemimwe miviri inotonga. Saizvozvowo, muJudha, sungano yacho ingangodaro yaida kubvumidzwa nehutungamiri hwayo kana nedare rayo rinotonga. Kana yangosimbiswa, sungano yacho yaizotanga kushandiswa, uye mativi ese ari maviri aizotarisirwa kutevedzera zviga zvayo. Izvi zvaigona kusanganisira nzira dzakasiyana dzokushandira pamwe, zvibvumirano zvokudzivirirana, ukama hwokutengeserana, kana dzimwe nzira dzokudyidzana kwezvematongerwo enyika dzakatsanangurwa musungano yacho.

Muchikamu chechipiri BC, kufamba kubva kuJudhea (iri munharaunda yekumabvazuva kweMediterranean) kuenda kuRoma (iri pakati peItari) kwaiva basa rakaoma uye raipedza nguva yakawanda, zvikurukuru kana zvichifungwa pamusoro pemiganhu yaivapo panguva iyoyo munyaya dzenzira dzekufambisa. Chinhambwe chiri pakati peJudhea neRoma chinenge makiromita 1,500 kusvika ku2,000 (mamaira 930 kusvika ku1,240), zvichienderana nenzira chaiyo yaiteverwa. Munguva dzekare, kufamba negungwa kwaiva kazhinji nokukurumidza uye kuchibudirira kupfuura kufamba nepanyika, asi kufamba negungwa kwaikanganiswa nemhepo dzaivhuvhuta panguva iyoyo. Kufamba nechikepe kubva pachiteshi chengarava muJudhea kuenda kuchiteshi chengarava muItari (chakadai seOstia, chiteshi cheRoma) kwaigona kutora mavhiki anoverengeka, zvichienderana nezvinhu zvakadai semamiriro emhepo, mafambiro emvura yegungwa, uye rudzi rwechikepe chaishandiswa.

Kufamba nenyika kubva kuJudhea kuenda kuRoma kwaizova kunononoka zvikuru uye kunonetesa kupfuura. Vafambi vaizofanira kuyambuka mhando dzakasiyana-siyana dzenzvimbo, kusanganisira makomo, mipata, nenzizi, uye kutsungirira zvipingamupinyi zvakadai semakororo nenzvimbo dzine ruvengo. Zvinofungidzirwa kuti kufamba netsoka kana nengoro dzinokweverwa nemabhiza kwaigona kutora mwedzi yakati kuti. Nguva yorwendo yaizokanganiswawo nezvinhu zvakadai semamiriro emigwagwa, kuwanikwa kwenzvimbo dzokugara nenzvimbo dzokumbozorora, pamwe chete nokudiwa kwokuzorora uye kuzadzazve zvekushandisa munzira.

Apo VaYuda vechiMakkabhea pavakatsvaka sungano neRoma, vaifanira kutuma nhume kuRoma. Kana nhume idzodzo dzangogamuchirwa nezviremera zveRoma, paizotevera nguva yenhaurirano. Maererano nedzidziso yenhoroondo, nokuti hapana chinyorwa chakanyatsorurama chiripo, sungano payainge yaiswa muchimiro chepamutemo, yaifanira kudzoserwa kuJudhea kuti isimbiswe, uye zvino zvichida yaifanira kudzorerwazve kuRoma kuti kusimbiswe kugamuchirwa kwayo neVaYuda. Zvinoda kusvika pakusabvira kutenda kuti nzira yekuumba mubatanidzwa munguva iyoyo ingadai yakapedzwa mugore rimwe chete, saka kunzwisisa kuti “sungano” inomirira nzira yakatora kubva muna 161 BC kusvika muna 158 BC kunoenderana nemimwe mitsetse yechiporofita inoratidza nhoroondo inotungamirira kumutemo weSvondo wendima yegumi nenhanhatu.

“Ubumbano” lokho zonke izazi-mlando ezivumelanayo ngokuthi lwaqalwa ngamaJuda aseMaccabean, lwaqala eJudiya ngonyaka ka-161 BC. Inhloso kwakuwukuthi amaJuda ayefuna ukwesekwa ekulweni namaSiriya ayebebhekene nawo selokhu ukuvukela kwawo kwaqala ngonyaka ka-167 BC. Lokho kuvukela kwavuswa yimizamo kaMattathias, umpristi ongumJuda, kanye namadodana akhe amahlanu, ikakhulukazi uJudas Maccabee, yokumelana nezinqubomgomo zokwenziwa amaGreki ezazibekwe ngumbusi wakwaSeleucid, u-Antiochus IV Epiphanes. Lezi zinqubomgomo zazihlanganisa imizamo yokucindezela imikhuba yenkolo yamaJuda nokuphoqa ukwamukelwa kwamasiko nezinkolelo zamaGreki.

Chakakonzera kupanduka uku kwakanga kuri chiitiko chakaitika mumusha weModein, umo Mattathias akaramba kuteerera mutemo wokuti ape chibayiro kuna mwari wechiGiriki. “Modein” rinobva pashoko rechiHebheru rokuti “modi’a,” rinoreva “kuzivisa” kana kuti “kupikisa.” Mukupikisa kwake, Mattathias akauraya muJudha akatsauka pakutenda uyo akanga ava kuda kuita chibayiro ichocho, uye iye navanakomana vake vakatizira kumakomo, vachitanga mushandirapamwe wehondo yevapanduki wokurwisa mauto eSeleucid. Kupanduka kweMaccabea kwakagara kwemakore anoverengeka, panguva iyo vaMaccabea vakarwa muhondo zhinji dzokurwisa vaSeleucid navatsigiri vavo. Kunyange zvazvo vakanga vari vashoma zvikuru uye vasina zvokurwa zvakaringana kana kuenzana navavengi vavo, vaMaccabea vakawana kukunda kukuru kwakati wandei.

Umambo hweSeleucid hwakanga huchitsvaka kumanikidza chitendero cheGiriki pamusoro pevaJudha, uye vaGiriki vanomiririra ma-globalist emazuva okupedzisira. Chitendero chavo chinoratidzwa muwoke-ism iri kumanikidzirwa pari zvino pamusoro peUnited States nenyika yose, nemasimba ema-globalist ehurongwa hwemabhangi, vezvenhau vakuru, nzvimbo dzedzidzo, pamwe nokuparadza misiyano yenyika kubudikidza nokumanikidzwa kwekupinda kwevatorwa vasiri pamutemo. Apo Antiochus Epiphanes akanga achimanikidza chitendero cheGiriki pamusoro pevaJudha, kwaiva nevaJudha vakanga vachibatana nokuedza kwake. VaMaccabees vanomiririra rimwe boka revaJudha vakatsauka, vakanga vachiramba chitendero cheGiriki, asi kwaivawo nerimwe boka revaJudha vakatsauka vakanga vachitsigira basa rokusimbisa chitendero cheGiriki.

Vhesi regumi nenhanhatu ndiwo mutemo weSvondo uri kuuya nokukurumidza, uye mubatanidzwa wakapetwa katatu weshato, chikara, nomuporofita wenhema. Nhoroondo iyoyo inotangirwa nemavhesi gumi namatatu kusvika gumi neshanu, umo hondo nhatu dzevhesi makumi mana dzinoitika kubva muvhesi gumi (1989), mavhesi gumi nerimwe negumi nembiri (hondo yeUkraine), uye Hondo yePaniumu. Hondo yePaniumu inomirira hondo umo chikara chepanyika chine nyanga mbiri chinokunda uzivi hwechitendero nezvematongerwo enyika hwevatsigiri vehurongwa hwepasi rose.

Muhondo iyoyo, purezidhendi wokupedzisira weUnited States anofanira kubata nemigumisiro yekukunda kwaPutin nekuparara kwakatevera, kunomiririrwa mundima yegumi neimwe neye gumi nembiri. Achaumba mubatanidzwa neNATO, kana kuti neUnited Nations, kuti agadzirise zvinokonzerwa nekuparara kweRussia, uye mukati menhoroondo yemubatanidzwa iwoyo achapinda pamwe neUnited Nations muHondo yePanium. Muhondo yechitatu yendima yechina, zvichava sezvakanga zvakaita muhondo yokutanga yendima yechina. Sezvo Soviet Union yakaparara pasi pesimba rehupfumi nerehondo reUnited States, vanhu vanosimudzira hurongwa hwepasi rose veUnited Nations vachamanikidzwa kudzokorora “perestroika,” chinhu chikuru chezvakaitwa naGorbachev pakuedza kugadzirisa Soviet Union, kunyange hazvo pakupedzisira zvakabatsira mukusununguka kwezvisungo zvehurongwa hweSoviet uye mukuputsika kwekupedzisira kweSoviet Union.

Hondo yechitatu inoratidzirwa nehondo yokutanga, uye kubudikidza nezvehupfumi pamwe chete nokumanikidzwa kwemauto, Trump, achimiririrwa naReagan, achamanikidza United Nations kupinda mu“perestroika,” zvinoreva kurongwazve kana kuvandudzwa. Kurongwazve uku kuchaisa United States pamusoro wesangano remadzimambo gumi, iro riri United Nations. Muhondo iyoyo upapa huchabva hwapinda munhoroondo, huchiti ndihwo mudziviriri wesangano iro Trump anenge achikunda panguva iyoyo.

M’mbiri yomweyo, Trump adzakumana ndi Nkhondo Yapachiweniweni yamkati imene adzakakamizika kuithana nayo, monga momwe Abraham Lincoln anakakamizidwira kuithana nayo. Nkhondo Yapachiweniweniyo idzakhala pakati pa magulu awiri otsutsana aampatuko mkati mwa United States. Gulu limodzi likuimiridwa ndi iwo amene avomereza chipembedzo ndi nzeru za woke-ism, amene ali a globalist opita patsogolo a zipani zonse ziwiri za ndale. Gulu lina (MAGA-ism) limadzinenera kukhala Aprotestanti enieni, ngakhale anataya udindo umenewo mu 1844.

Iqembu likaMongameli limelelwa yi-MAGA-ism, futhi lisekelwe esimisweni esilahlekisayo sokuthi limela ukuvikelwa kobuProthestani beqiniso kanye noMthethosisekelo. Isimangalo se-Woke-ism siyinkolo kaMama woMhlaba, i-New Age, kanye nenkolelo yokuthi uMthethosisekelo usetshenziswa ngokwezimo ezikhona kanye nezindinganiso zomphakathi, hhayi ngemibono eyisidala yobaba abasungula izwe.

මත්තථියාස් (ට්‍රම්ප්) ක්‍රි.පූ. 167 දී මෝදීන්හි ආරම්භ වූ කැරැල්ලෙන් නිරූපිත වන පරිදි, එක්සත් ජනපදය තුළ ගෝලවාදී-ප්‍රගතිශීලී ඩිමොක්‍රැට්වරුන්ගේ උත්සාහයන් අවසන් කරනු ඇත. ඉන්පසු, මක්කබීයයන් විසින් දේවමාළිගාව නැවත කැප කළ ක්‍රි.පූ. 164 වසරේ ඉතිහාසය, හනුක්කා පැවැත්වීමෙන් සිහිපත් කරනු ලබන පරිදි, ට්‍රම්ප් නැවත ක්‍රියාත්මක කරනු ඇත. ඉන්පසු ක්‍රි.පූ. 161 සිට ක්‍රි.පූ. 158 දක්වා නිරූපිත කාලය තුළ, ආගමික බලය හා දේශපාලනික බලය අතර අනීතිමය සම්බන්ධතාවයක් හඳුනා දෙන රූපයක් වන පාප්පධිකාරයේ රූපය පිහිටුවීම සඳහා අවසාන තල්ලුව ට්‍රම්ප් ආරම්භ කරනු ඇත. ක්‍රි.පූ. 158 දී, දහසයවන පදයේ ඉතා ඉක්මනින් පැමිණෙන ඉරිදා නීතිය ක්‍රියාත්මක කරනු ලබන විට, සන්ධානය ක්‍රියාත්මක කරනු ලැබේ.

Daniel eleven inotanga kuzivisa kuti Roma yakatora sei kutonga munyaya dzezvematongerwo enyika, uyezve Danieri anodzokorora nokuwedzera nhoroondo imwe chete iyoyo nomutsara unoratidza mabatiro aiita Roma vanhu vaMwari munhoroondo iyoyo imwe chete. Kubva pandima yegumi nenhanhatu kusvikira pandima yegumi nepfumbamwe zvinoratidzwa zvipingamupinyi zvitatu zvakanga zvakamira pamberi peRoma yechihedheni pakutora kutonga kwenyika. Mundima yegumi nenhanhatu, Siriya yakakundwa neRoma yechihedheni muna 65 BC, uyezve Judhea yakakundwa naPompey muna 63 BC. Ndima yegumi nenhanhatu inoratidza nguva iyo Roma yaifanira kumira munyika inobwinya, uye pakuita kudaro iri kufananidzira mutemo weSvondo wendima makumi mana neimwe yechitsauko ichocho.

Chakakosha kucherechedza kuti nhoroondo yokukundwa yakaitika muna 63 BC [inoenderana na1863], pakati peHondo yevagari vemo yakanga ichiitika mukati meJerusarema. Uriah Smith akati, “Pakudzoka kwaPompey kubva parwendo rwake rwokurwa naMithridates, mambo wePontus, vakwikwidzi vaviri, Hyrcanus naAristobulus, vakanga vachirwira korona yeJudhea.”

Mazita akuti “Hyrcanus” ndi “Aristobulus” onse ndi a chiyambi cha Chigiriki ndipo ali ndi tanthauzo la mbiri, makamaka pa nkhani ya mbiri ya Ayuda m’nthawi ya Chihelene ndi ya ufumu wa a Hasmonean. “Hyrcanus” amachokera ku liwu la Chigiriki lakuti “Hurkanos,” lomwe mwina linachokera ku liwu lakuti “hurkan,” lotanthauza “nkhandwe” m’chinenero cha Aperisi. Hyrcanus linali dzina limene linali kunyamulidwa ndi olamulira angapo a Hasmonean. “Aristobulus” limatanthauza “mlangizi wabwino koposa” kapena “wopereka uphungu wabwino koposa.” Aristobulus nalonso linali dzina limene linali kunyamulidwa ndi olamulira angapo a Hasmonean. Onse awiri, “Hyrcanus” ndi “Aristobulus,” ndi mazina ogwirizanitsidwa ndi anthu ofunika kwambiri m’mbiri ya Ayuda m’nthawi ya a Hasmonean. Iwo anali olamulira amene anachita mbali zofunika pa ulamuliro ndi kukulitsa ufumu wa a Hasmonean ku Yudeya. Mbadwa zoloseredwa ndi oimira ufumu wa a Hasmonean m’nthawi ya Khristu anali Afarisi.

Pompey paakakunda Yerusalemu, mapato maviri ezvematongerwo enyika ose ari maviri akatevera mavambo awo kudzokera kunguva yokupanduka kwaimiririrwa neModein muna 167 BC. Pompey paakangopindirwa mukupanduka uku, akatsunga kutora Yerusalemu, uye bato rezvematongerwo enyika raAristobulus rakatsunga kumurwisa; asi bato raHyrcanus rakatsunga kuzarurira Pompey masuwo. Pompey akabva atanga kurwisa Yerusalemu, uye mwedzi mitatu gare gare Yerusalemu yakazova nokusingaperi pasi poutongi hweRoma.

Kusvika pandima regumi nepfumbamwe, Egipita, chipingamupinyi chechitatu uye chokupedzisira, yakakundwa neRoma. Zvino mundima yechimakumi maviri kuberekwa kwaKristu kunozivikanwa apo Danieri anotanga kurondedzera kuti Roma yaizobata sei nevanhu vaMwari munhoroondo iyoyo. Mundima dzechimakumi maviri neimwe nedzechimakumi maviri nembiri Kristu anorovererwa pamuchinjikwa. Mundima yechimakumi maviri nenhatu, sungano yakatanga muna 161 BC kusvika 158 BC, inozivikanwa pakarepo mushure mendima dzinotsanangura muchinjikwa apo vaJudha vakatsauka vakazivisa kuti “vakanga vasina mambo, asi Kesari.” Rudzi rwevaJudha vakatsauka, rwunomiririrwa nemaMaccabees, avo vakanga varamba kupindira kweuzivi hwechitendero chechiGiriki, uye pakuita kudaro vakagadzira ukama husina utsvene neRoma, runotevera ndima inozivisa nhoroondo yemuchinjikwa, apo chibereko cheukama hwavo husina utsvene chakanyatsoratidzwa zvizere.

Shekinah haina kuzodzokera kutemberi yakavakwa mushure memakore makumi manomwe okutapwa. Uchapupu hwokupedzisira hwouprofita, hwakaziviswa naMaraki, hwakapihwa panenge pakati pezana remakore rechishanu BC. Kwakanga kusina kuvapo kunoonekwa kwaMwari, kana uchapupu hupi nohupi hwouprofita, kwamazana amakore mazhinji Maccabees vasati vasimuka vachirwisa pesvedzero yechiGiriki yehurongwa hwepasi rose. Pakutanga kwokumukira kwavo, vakaita chaizvo kupandukira kwakaedzwa naPtolemy naMambo Uzia, apo madzimambo ose ari maviri akatsvaka kuzadzisa basa romupristi nokubayira chipiriso mutemberi.

Jonatani Apfasi (anozivikanwawo sa Jonatani Maccabeus), aiva mumwe wavanakomana vaMatatiyasi, avo vakatanga Kupanduka kweMaccabea, uye akaita basa guru mukutungamirira kumukira kwavaJudha vachirwisa Humambo hweSeleucid. Mushure mekufa kwehanzvadzi yake Judhasi Maccabee muhondo, Jonatani akatora utungamiri hwemauto eMaccabea. Pamusoro poutungamiri hwake hwemauto nezvematongerwo enyika, Jonatani akatorawo basa romuprista mukuru, achishanda somutungamiri wezvemweya wavanhu vechiJudha. Basa raJonatani repaviri, sokuva mutungamiri pamwe chete nomuprista mukuru, rakaratidza budiriro huru munhoroondo yechiJudha, nokuti rakabatanidza masimba ezvematongerwo enyika neechitendero mukati medzinza reHasmonean. Utungamiri hwake hwakabatsira kusimbisa kuzvitonga kwevaJudha uye kugadza kutonga kweHasmonean muJudhiya.

Chivi ichocho chakayedzwa naPtolemy mushure mokukunda kweRaphia chakazadziswa pakutanga chaipo kwokupanduka kwavaMaccabees. Chakanga chiri chivi chimwe chetecho chakapikiswa navaprista munguva yamambo Uzziah, asi kuzviti kwavaMaccabees vaidzivirira mabasa etemberi yaMwari kwaiva kuratidzwa kwakatsauka nokwokupanduka kwokubatanidzwa kwechechi nenyika, uye saizvozvo, kunofananidzira kupanduka kwechiPurotesitendi chakatsauka chiri zvino kuungana chichitsigira Trump mukurwisana nokupindira kwewoke-ism yepasi rose yaBiden.

Bhaibheri rinodzidzisa kuti muchavaziva nezvibereko zvavo, uye vaFarisi panguva yaKristu ndivo vaiva masara okupedzisira eimba youmambo yeHasmonea yakatanga naMatathiasi. Matathiasi, nokumukira kwaakatanga, zvakabereka zvibereko zvechiFarisi, sezvinoitawo maPurotesitendi akatsauka ari kutsigira pfungwa ye“Make America Great Again”. America yakanga yakakura apo Bumbiro remitemo rayo rainzwisiswa sokuti rinofanira kuchengetedza kereke nehurumende zvakaparadzana kubva kune mumwe nomumwe, asi pachishamiso chokunyepera chinomiririrwa nokukunda kunorangarirwa nomutambo weHanukkah, kufamba kunosundira mitemo yeSvondo kuchabuda pachena.

Tichaenderera mberi nechidzidzo ichi muchinyorwa chinotevera.