Incwadi kaDaniyeli — Inombolo Ikhulu Elinamashumi Amathathu Anesixhenxe

Ixesha lokutywinwa kwekhulu elinamashumi amane anesine amawaka, elaqala ngoSeptemba 11, 2001, lize liphele ngomthetho weCawa eUnited States, lelona xesha apho kuzalisekiswa isiphumo sazo zonke iimbono. Ezinye zezo mbono zolulela kude kube kukubuya kwesibini kukaKristu, kodwa kwanazo ezo zenzekayo emva komthetho weCawa zibotshelelwe kwixesha lokutywinwa. Ukutywinwa kwekhulu elinamashumi amane anesine amawaka kulapho umnqophiso ongunaphakade uzalisekiswa ngokugqibeleleyo. Ngelo xesha uKristu ubhala umthetho waKhe ezintliziyweni nasezingqondweni zabantu baKhe ngonaphakade. Oko kutywinwa kumelwe yindibaniselwano yobuthixo nobuntu, engoni.

Unxulumano olufuziselayo “wamakhulu amabini anamashumi amabini,” umele kokubini ukubuyiselwa, kwanokudityaniswa kobuThixo nobuntu. Iminyaka engamakhulu amabini anamashumi amabini ukusuka kwiBhayibhile yeKing James ukuya kwintetho yokuqala kaWilliam Miller esidlangalaleni ngowe-1831 kunye nokupapashwa kwayo ekugqibeleni kwiVermont Telegraph ngowe-1833, imele ukudityaniswa kobuThixo nobuntu. Iqulethe umqondiso “wenyaniso,” oliligama lesiHebhere eladalwa nguMlumbi oMangalisayo, oludibanisa unobumba wokuqala, oweshumi elinesithathu nowokugqibela woonobumba besiHebhere ukuze kwenziwe igama elithi “inyaniso”. Iminyaka engamakhulu amabini anamashumi amabini ukusuka kowe-1611, neBhayibhile yeKing James, kuse kowe-1831 nasekupapashweni komyalezo kaMiller, ibonakalisa umqondiso woMlumbi oMangalisayo.

Phakathi kwalo mhla mibini (1611 no-1831), ixesha lesiphelo ngo-1798 limela ukutyhilwa komyalezo ophuma encwadini kaDaniyeli (iBhayibhile yeKing James), ovelisa ukwanda kolwazi okwakhokelela kupapasho lukaMiller ngo-1831. Ixesha lesiphelo ngo-1798 laphawula kwanokuqalisa kwenkqubo yokuvavanywa eyavelisa uvukelo lweentombi eziziziyatha, athi uDaniyeli kwisahluko seshumi elinesibini azichaze njengabangendawo. Ngaloo ndlela u-1798 umele inani leshumi elinesithathu, phakathi konobumba wokuqala nowokugqibela, kuba ishumi elinesithathu luphawu lovukelo. U-1798 ukwadibana nexesha lokulungiselela elalisusela ku-1776 laya ku-1798, ixesha lesiphelo.

Njengoko kunjalo ngonxulumano lukaMiller lweminyaka engamakhulu amabini anamashumi amabini, u-1776 naye uphawulwa lupapasho olungokobuthixo, iSibhengezo seNkululeko, yaye uqala ixesha eliphela ngo-1798 ngokupapashwa kweMithetho yeAlien and Sedition. Iminyaka engamakhulu amabini anamashumi amabini yonxulumano lukaMiller olungumfuziselo wobuthixo nobuntu, idityaniswa ngonyaka ka-1798 neminyaka engamashumi amabini anesibini yokulungiselela ukusuka ekupapashweni kweSibhengezo seNkululeko kuse ekupapashweni kweMithetho yeAlien and Sedition ka-1798. Amashumi amabini anesibini, engoweshumi wengamakhulu amabini anamashumi amabini, okanye isishumi sengamakhulu amabini anamashumi amabini; inani elingamashumi amabini anesibini, njengakwinani elingamakhulu amabini anamashumi amabini, limela unxulumano lobuthixo nobuntu.

Iminyaka engamakhulu amabini anamashumi amabini kaMiller inophawu lwenyaniso, njengokuba ixesha lokutywinwa kwekhulu elinamashumi amane anesine amawaka nalo linjalo; kwanexesha lokulungiselela ukusuka ku-1776 ukuya ku-1798 nalo linophawu olufanayo, kuba umhla ophakathi, u-1789, uphawula ukupapashwa koMgaqo-siseko owamkelwa ngamathanga alishumi elinesithathu.

Unxulumaniso lukaMiller olwaqala ngo-1611 lwaza lwaphela ngo-1831, olwafumana umbindi walo ngo-1798, lunxulunyaniswa nexesha leminyaka engamashumi amabini anesibini ukusuka ku-1776 ukuya ku-1798, olunombindi ngo-1789. Yonke le mihla mihlanu—1611, 1776, 1789, 1798 no-1831—imelwe ngumsebenzi wokupapasha. Imihla yexesha lokulungiselela iqulethe isishumi seminyaka engamashumi amabini anesibini ukusuka ku-1776 ukuya ku-1798, yaye elo xesha libonakalisa ixesha lokutywinwa kwabaliwaka elinye elinamashumi amane anesine amawaka, elo lixesha apho ubuthixo budityaniswa nobuntu. Ixesha likaMiller leminyaka engamakhulu amabini anamashumi amabini, kunye nexesha lokulungiselela leminyaka engamashumi amabini anesibini ukusuka ku-1776 ukuya ku-1798, omabini amele unxulumaniso lobuthixo nobuntu.

Ixesha lokutywinwa kwekhulu elinamashumi amane anesine amawaka laqala ngomhla we-11 kuSeptemba 2001, yaye laphawulwa yi-Islam yeshwangusha lesithathu ihlasela ilizwe elizukileyo lasemoyeni. Emva kweminyaka engamashumi amabini anesibini, ngomhla we-7 kuOktobha 2023, i-Islam yeshwangusha lesithathu yaphinda yahlasela ilizwe elizukileyo elingumfuziselo oqhelekileyo, eliyinyani. Kumthetho weCawa oza kufika kungekudala ukutywinwa kwekhulu elinamashumi amane anesine amawaka kuya kugqitywa, yaye i-Islam yeshwangusha lesithathu iya kuphinda ihlasele i-United States.

Ixesha lokutywinwa liqala ngohlaselo lweSilamsi phezu kwerhamncwa lomhlaba, yaye liphela ngohlaselo lweSilamsi phezu kwerhamncwa lomhlaba. Phakathi koko, ubuSilamsi besishwangusha sesithathu bahlasela uhlanga lwakwaSirayeli, oluthi ngokweBhayibhile lumelwe nguYuda. UYuda yayililizwe lamandulo loqobo elizukileyo leBhayibhile, yaye i-United States lilizwe lale mihla elingokomoya elizukileyo.

Imivimbo emithathu yobuSilamsi yonke yenziwa nxamnye nelizwe elizukileyo. Owokuqala nowokugqibela wawuchasene nelizwe elizukileyo langoku elingokomoya, yaye umvumbo ophakathi wenziwa nxamnye nelizwe elizukileyo lasendulo elingokoqobo. Uphawu lwendlela oluphakathi lwaluluhlaselo nxamnye nesizwe sanamhlanje sakwaSirayeli, yaye ekubethelelweni emnqamlezweni kukaMesiya wabo, uSirayeli ongokoqobo waba ngumfuziselo wokuvukela, njengoko kumelwe ngunobumba weshumi elinesithathu woonobumba besiHebhere.

Ixesha lokulungiselela ukusukela ngowe-1776 ukuya kowe-1798 nalo linxulumene neminyaka engamakhulu amabini anamashumi amabini yentshukumo yengelosi yesithathu, kuba, ukuqala ngowe-1776 ngoSibhengezo seNkululeko, kude kube ngowe-1996, nokupapashwa kwephephancwadi i-The Time of the End, yiminyaka engamakhulu amabini anamashumi amabini. Embindini waloo mbali kukho ixesha lesiphelo ngowe-1989, eliphawula uvukelo lweentombi ezizizidenge nezikhohlakeleyo. Ngoko ke, owe-1611, 1776, 1789, 1798, 1831, 1989, 1996, 2001, 2023 nomthetho weCawa oza kufika kungekudala, zonke ziziphawuli zendlela ezinxulumene nenyaniso yokuba ubuThixo obudityaniswe nobuntu abonanga. Iziphawuli zendlela ezilishumi, ezibini kuzo ziphindwe kabini.

Ishumi linani elimele uvavanyo, yaye xa udibanisa imihla emibini ephindaphindiweyo ka-1776 no-1798, ufumana isixa esipheleleyo seempawu zendlela ezilishumi elinambini, ezimele ikhulu elinamashumi amane anesine amawaka. Iimpawu zendlela zonke zijolise kwinkqubo yokuvavanywa kwekhulu elinamashumi amane anesine amawaka eyenzeka ukususela ngoSeptemba 11, 2001 kuse kwada kwafike umthetho weCawa oza kufika kungekudala, apho uKristu awugqibezela khona umsebenzi wengelosi yesithathu ngokudibanisa ubuThixo baKhe nobuntu bekhulu elinamashumi amane anesine amawaka, abathi, kuyo yonke intsalela yanaphakade—bangoni. Kakade ke, le nyaniso inokubonwa kuphela ngabo bathi, njengoko watshoyo uIsaya, bakhethe “ukubona ngamehlo abo, nokuva ngeendlebe zabo, nokuqonda ngentliziyo yabo, baguquke, baze baphiliswe.”

Ngomhla wama-22 Oktobha, 1844, ingelosi yesithathu yafika njengoko uKristu weza ngesiquphe etempileni yaKhe ukuze azalisekise ukutywinwa kwekhulu elinamashumi amane anesine amawaka. Iqela lamaMillerite lalandela uKristu langena eNdaweni eNgcwele Kakhulu, nangona emva koko layeka ukulandela ukukhanya okuqhubela phambili kwengelosi yesithathu, laza laphinda imvukelo yaseKadeshi yokuqala, laza lamiselwa ukuba lizulazule entlango yaseLawodike de bafe bonke.

Xa uKristu wangena ngesiquphe eNdaweni eNgcwele Kakhulu, indibaniselwano yobuthixo nobuntu yamelisa umsebenzi awayelungiselelwe ukuwufeza, yaye loo msebenzi wameliswa ngokomfuziselo nguMguquleli oMangalisayo oneengqina ezimbini. Ezo ngqina zazingooHabakuki noYohane. Kwisahluko SESIBINI umqolo WAMASHUMI AMABINI, kuzo zombini iincwadi, kuchongwa uOktobha 22, 1844. Omnye wagxininisa umsebenzi wocamagushelo (ukwenziwa babe mnye), owaqalayo ngaloo mhla, aze omnye wachonga itempile eyayiza kuhlanjululwa.

Itempile awafika kuyo ngesiquphe imelwe yile tempile eyayinyathelwe phantsi ngamandla emihla ngemihla (ubuhedeni) nangesikizi sencithakalo (ubupopu). Le tempile yayikwamela noKristu, oyiyo itempile eyatshatyalaliswayo yaza yavuswa kwakhona ngeentsuku ezintathu. Kwakhona yayimela itempile yamaMillerite eyakhiwa kwiminyaka engamashumi amane anesithandathu ukususela ngo-1798 kude kube ngu-1844. Kwakhona yayimela itempile yomntu, ehlelwe ngama-chromosome angamashumi amane anesithandathu, yaye echaza ilifa lemfuza lomzimba womntu yaye ililawule. Asiyongxaki nje yokungangqinelani ukuba zonke iiseli emzimbeni womntu zitshintshwa ngokupheleleyo rhoqo kwiintsuku ezingamawaka amabini anamakhulu amahlanu anamashumi amabini.

Kuyo yonke le mizekeliso ingcwele yetempile, emele umsebenzi kaKristu wokudibanisa ubuthixo nobuntu, ubuthixo buhlala buza kuqala ngaphambi kobuntu. U-1611 uza kuqala ngaphambi kuka-1831. U-1776 uza kuqala ngaphambi kuka-1798. U-1776 uza kuqala ngaphambi kuka-1996. U-2001 uza kuqala ngaphambi kuka-2023. AmaMillerite amlandela uKristu aya kweyona Ndawo iNgcwele. Ekuqalekeni uThixo wadala umntu.

Ngoku siya kubuyela ekuqwalaseleni kwethu iziphawuli zendlela ezithathu zika-1776, 1789, no-1798, ezimele ixesha lokulungiselela elingumfuziselo wexesha lokutywinwa. Ixesha lokuqala, elimelwe ngu-1776, iSibhengezo seNkululeko, kunye nexesha leeNkongolo ezimbini zeLizwekazi; nelixa lesibini elimelwe ngu-1789, uMgaqo-siseko, kunye nexesha lamaNqaku oManyano kude kube ngu-1798.

Imfihlelo yomfanekiso wamarhamncwa, eyinyaniso yokuba intloko yesibhozo iphakathi kweentloko ezisixhenxe, ichongiwe kuzo zombini ezo zithuba. Ikwachongiwe nakumqondiso wesithathu waloo mbali, kodwa loo mqondiso ujongene nesibhozo, siphuma kwezisixhenxe, njengoko sizalisekiswe bubupopu. Izithuba ezibini zokuqala zimele ukuzaliseka kwesibhozo siphuma kwezisixhenxe ngaphakathi kwe-United States.

I-United States ineempondo ezimbini, enye inxulunyaniswa nendoda yaye enye inxulunyaniswa nomfazi. Indoda ingamandla ezopolitiko; yimpondo yeRiphabhlikhi. Umfazi ingamandla enkolo; yimpondo yobuProtestanti. Ngoko ke, ixesha elimelwe ngu-1776, neSibhengezo seNkululeko, limela impondo yobuProtestanti, kuba ubuthixo busoloko buza ngaphambi kobuntu. Ixesha elimelwe ngu-1789, noMgaqo-siseko, limela impondo yeRiphabhlikhi.

Ngo-2020, zombini iimpondo zabulawa ngamandla enamba anamhlanje kaSathana angakholelwa kubukho bukaThixo. Uphondo oluyinyaniso lobuProtestanti lwabulawa ngomhla we-18 kaJulayi 2020, yaye uphondo lweRiphabhlikhi lwabulawa emva koko ngomhla we-3 kaNovemba 2020. Ngo-2023, amangqina amabini ema ngeenyawo, yaza ihlabathi, elalivuyela imizimba yawo efileyo, laqalisa ukoyika.

Ngo-2023, umsebenzi wokugqibela wokutywinwa kwabaliwaka elikhulu elinamakhulu amane anamashumi amane anesine waqala kwisizukulwana sokugqibela sembali yehlabathi. Ubuthixo ngoku budityaniswa nobuntu ngonaphakade, njengoko abathembekileyo bemihla yokugqibela bevelisa ngonaphakade—umfanekiso kaKristu.

Ngo-2023, umsebenzi wokugqibela wokudibanisa iBandla eliwuqhekeko noRhulumente owuqhekeko kwisizwe serhamncwa lasemhlabeni waqala. Isakhiwo samandla esimelelwa ngupopu, esiquka iBandla eliwuqhekeko elilawula phezu koRhulumente owuqhekeko, ngelo xesha sasiqaliswa ukumiselwa, yaye sivelisa umfanekiso werhamncwa.

Uvavanyo olukhulu kwabo baye babizwa luvavanyo lokubona ukumiswa komfanekiselo werhamncwa, njengoko umelwe “ngamazwi, imibane, neendudumo” kunye “nonyikima” oluzayo. Ixesha lokutywinwa liligaba apho yonke imibono ifikelela kwisiphumo sayo esigqibeleleyo (ukuzaliseka kwayo). Ngexesha lokulungiselela ukusuka ku-1776 kuse ku-1798, elimela ixesha lokutywinwa, kwakukho amavili phakathi kwamavili, nto leyo eyinxalenye yombono awawubonayo uHezekile xa wayekhangela kwiNdawo eNgcwele kangcwele, ngexesha lokutywinwa kwekhulu elinamashumi amane anesine amawaka. La mavili, uDade White uwachaza njengokuthi “ukusebenzisana okuntsonkothileyo kweziganeko zabantu.” Ixesha lokulungiselela ukusuka ku-1776 ukuya ku-1798 laliqulathe ezinye zezo “ntsebenziswano zintsonkothileyo zeziganeko zabantu,” ekufuneka ziqatshelwe.

Enye inxulunyaniswa nenyaniso yokuba iFransi yoVukelo yayiluphawu lweUnited States. Zombini ezi ntlanga zibeka upopu etroneni yehlabathi, yaye zombini ziyamhlisa. Zombini ezi ntlanga zinikela amandla azo omkhosi nezoqoqosho ukuze zifezekise loo msebenzi. Zombini ezi ntlanga ziyasusa ngequbuliso iinkolo zazo ezimiselweyo ukuze zibe ngamaKatolika. Zombini ezi ntlanga zivelelwa “yinyikima” etshabalalisa oorhulumente bazo abamiselweyo. Iimbali zezi ntlanga zombini zibotshelelene no-1789, kuba ngo-1789 kwaqalisa uVukelo lwaseFransi yaye uMgaqo-siseko wase-US waqalisa ukusebenza.

UQhushululu lwaseFransi lwathabatha iminyaka elishumi. UNapoleon Bonaparte wenyukela emandleni ngexesha lezigaba zokugqibela zoQhushululu lwaseFransi. Waba yinkokeli yomkhosi ebalaseleyo, waza wadlala indima ebalulekileyo kurhulumente waseFransi emva kobhukuqo-mbuso bakhe obaphumelela ngoNovemba 9, 1799, obakhokelela ekubeni abe nguMmeli wokuQala weRiphabhlikhi yaseFransi.

Kwixesha lesibini lexesha lokulungiselela lika-1776 ukuya ku-1798, indoda eyayiyeyesibhozo (ingekho ngokulandelelana), eyayiphuma kwabasixhenxe, yayinguJohn Hancock. Wayengomnye wabongameli abasibhozo kwixesha lesibini elimelwe ngu-1789 (unyaka woQhushululu lwaseFransi). Wayekuphela kwakhe phakathi kwabo bongameli basibhozo owayekhe wongamela njengomongameli nakwixesha lokuqala, elimelwe ngu-1776. Ngale ngqiqo yesiprofeto wayengowesibhozo, owayephuma kwabasixhenxe.

Ungutyikityo lwexesha loluntu, kuba ixesha lokuqala limele ubuthixo, yaye ngoko ke ungutyikityo oludibanisa la maxesha omabini ndawonye (olobuthixo nololuntu). Utyikityo lwakhe lolona tyikityo lwaziwa kakhulu kwimbali yoluntu, yaye lwalumela okungaphezu kobuhle obumangalisayo bokubhala kwakhe ngesandla.

Utyikityo lukaJohn Hancock kwiSibhengezo seNkululeko lolona tyikityo ludume kunawo onke embalini. Utyikityo lwakhe olukhulu nolubonakalayo kakhulu lube ngumfuziselo owaziwayo, lumela inkululeko yaseMerika nokuchasa kweekholoni zaseMerika ulawulo lwaseBritani. UHancock, owayenguMongameli weNkongolo yeLizwekazi ngexesha iSibhengezo sityikitywa ngalo ngowe-1776, kuthiwa watyikitya igama lakhe ngendlela ecace gca ukuze uKumkani uGeorge III akwazi ukulifunda engenazibuko zakhe, nto leyo eyayifuzisela isibindi sakhe nokuzinikela kwakhe kumbandela wenkululeko.

UHancock wayengomnye wabaongameli abasibhozo bexesha elimelwe ngu-1789, kodwa wayengowabasixhenxe ababengabaongameli ngexesha elimelwe ngu-1776. Wayengumongameli xa kwakusayinwa iSibhengezo seNkululeko. UHancock ubopha la maxesha mabini kunye ngotyikityo lwakhe lobuntu, yaye ubekwe kokubini kwimbali yokuqala nakwimbali yesibini. Imbali yokuqala imela ubuthixo, yaye eyesibini imela ubuntu, yaye utyikityo olubopha ezi mbali zimbini kunye lutyikityo loLwimi olumangalisayo olwasetyenziswa sisixhobo sobuntu ukudibanisa ixesha lobuthixo elimelwe ngu-1776, kunye nexesha lobuntu elimelwe ngu-1789.

Kukho kuphela olunye utyikityo kwimbali yehlabathi olukhuphisana notyikityo lukaHancock ngokubhekiselele ekwaziweni, yaye nalo lutyikityo olunxulunyaniswa no-1789 nangoHlaziyo lwaseFransi. Olo tyikityo luqulethe uhlobo olufanayo lwesibindi uHancock awayefuna ukuludlulisa, yaye lufumaneka kwimbali yaseFransi.

Ngokubhekiselele ekuqondweni kwihlabathi liphela nasekubalulekeni komfuziselo, utyikityo lukaNapoleon Bonaparte lunendawo enokuthelekiswa naleyo kaJohn Hancock, nangona kukwimeko eyahlukileyo ngokwembali nangokwenkcubeko. UNapoleon, inkokeli eyaziwayo kwezomkhosi nakwezopolitiko yaseFransi, washiya uphawu olubalulekileyo kwimbali yaseYurophu neyehlabathi, ngokukodwa ngexesha leeMfazwe zikaNapoleon. Utyikityo lwakhe, olwalusoloko lubonakaliswa sisimbo esinesibindi nesahlukileyo, lwaba ngumfuziselo wempembelelo yakhe enamandla neenguqu ezinkulu awazizisa eYurophu, kuquka nohlaziyo lwezomthetho olwaziwa ngokuba yiNapoleonic Code.

Njengotyikityo lukaHancock, olufuzisela ukungathobeli ulawulo lwaseBritane nokufuna inkululeko yaseMerika, utyikityo lukaNapoleon lumele olunye uhlobo lwesibindi nomnqweno omkhulu—ukwakhiwa kwakhona kwemida yezopolitiko yaseYurophu nokukhuthazwa kwezimvo zenguquko yaseFransi. Omabini la matyikityo angumqondiso weendima zabantu bawo bembali ekubumbeni ikamva lezizwe zabo kwanemiphumo ebanzi yezenzo zabo kwimbali yehlabathi.

Xa uHezekile wayibona amavili aphakathi kwamavili, emele ukusebenzisana okuntsonkothileyo kweziganeko zoluntu ngexesha lembali yexesha lokutywinwa kwekhulu elinamashumi amane anesine amawaka, elinye lala mavili laliye lafuziselwa livili ngowe-1789, xa uMgaqo-siseko waseUnited States, irhamncwa elinophondo lweRiphabhlikhi nophondo lwamaProtestanti, wadibana neFransi, irhamncwa elinophondo lweYiputa nophondo lweSodom.

Ukususela ngowe-1789 ukuya kowe-1799, iFransi yaxhuzulwa “yinyikima” eyavela kwisilo sokungakholelwa kuThixo esasiphuma enzonzobileni. Ngexesha lokutywinwa kwekhulu elinamashumi amane anesine amawaka, u-1789 umele ixesha eliqala ngowe-18 Julayi 2020, xa isilo sokungakholelwa kuThixo sabhukuqa saza sabulala uphondo loBuProtestanti benyaniso, kwaza ngowe-3 Novemba 2020 isilo sokungakholelwa kuThixo sabuye sabhukuqa saza sabulala uphondo loBurephabliki. Ivili lowe-1789 limele ivili lowe-2020, njengoko limelwe ngowe-18 Julayi (ubuthixo), nangowe-3 Novemba 2020 (ubuntu).

Utyikityo lukaThixo, njengoko lumelwe luluntu, lufunyanwa kwezona tyikityo zimbini zidume kakhulu zehlabathi, ezinxulunyaniswe zombini no-1789, yaye zombini zimela amagunya abeka upopu esihlalweni sobukhosi behlabathi aze amsuse kuso. U-1789, njengombindi weempawu ezintathu zendlela ezimela utyikityo lukaThixo lwenyaniso, uphethe utyikityo lweekholoni “ezilishumi elinesithathu” kunye “novukelo” loHlaziyo lwaseFransi.

1789 ukuya ku-1799 umele imbali yoQhushululu lwaseFransi, yaye inani ishumi limele uvavanyo. U-1789 ngunobumba wokuqala “wenyaniso”, yaye u-1799 umele unobumba wokugqibela wexesha laseFransi. Ixesha eliphakathi laphawulwa ngokubulawa kokumkani waseFransi ngo-1793, njengoko abemi bavukela ulawulo lwakhe lokumkani oluzidlayo.

U-1789 wabonakalisa uvukelo lonobumba weshumi elinesithathu lwerhamncwa elineempondo ezimbini laseUnited States, kwanobumba wokuqala werhamncwa elineempondo ezimbini laseFransi. Unobumba ophakathi weFransi wawu-1793, xa ukumkani waseFransi wanqunyulwa intloko, yaye uNapoleon wayemela unobumba wokugqibela xa wathabatha ulawulo lukarhulumente ngo-1799. Utyikityo “lwenyaniso” kwimbali yokuwiswa kweFransi, emelwe ngu-1789, 1793, no-1799, livili lesiprofeto elidityaniswe kunye nevili lesiprofeto lika-1776, 1789, no-1798.

Zombini ezi mbali zembali ziqulathe ezona zityikityo zimbini zidume kakhulu embalini yoluntu, ngaloo ndlela zidibanisa utyikityo lobuthixo “lwenyaniso” kunye neziyikityo ezimbini zabantu. Omabini la mavili adityaniswe nonobumba weshumi elinesithathu ngexesha lokutywinwa kwekhulu elinamashumi amane anesine amawaka, elilixesha elisusela ekubulaweni kwamangqina amabini ngo-2020, kude kube xa ema ngeenyawo ngo-2023, eliphawulwa ngumhla ka-Oktobha 7, 2023.

Siya kuqhubeka nesifundo sethu kwinqaku elilandelayo.