Igitabo cya Daniyeli - Umubare wa Makumyabiri

Mushiki White akunze kugaragaza ko amasomo y’ubuhanuzi akwiriye gusobanuka agaragazwa binyuze mu kuzamuka no kugwa kw’ubwami.

“Kuzamuka no kugwa” kw’ubwami bugaragazwa mu bitabo bya Daniyeli n’Ibyahishuwe ni byo ngingo y’ingenzi y’uburyo bukwiriye bwo kwiga ubuhanuzi. Kugwa kwa Babuloni gufashwa gusobanurwa n’ukugwa kwa Babeli ya Nimurodi mu Itangiriro igice cya cumi na kimwe. Hanyuma muri Daniyeli igice cya gatanu, Babuloni yongera kugwa. Amateka y’ubupapa yo kuzamuka ku butegetsi mu mwaka wa 538, no kugwa kwabwo kwakurikiyeho mu 1798, na yo ni ikigereranyo cy’ukugwa kwa nyuma kwa Babuloni, kuko mu buhanuzi ubutegetsi bw’ubupapa ari Babuloni ya mwuka. Ubupapa bwaguye mu 1798, kandi Ibyahishuwe igice cya cumi n’umunani bisobanura ukugwa kwabwo kwa nyuma. Muri Daniyeli igice cya cumi na kimwe, umurongo wa mirongo ine n’itanu, ubupapa, bugaragazwamo nk’umwami wo mu majyaruguru, bugera ku iherezo ryabwo nta wo kubutabara. Ibyo bibaho igihe igihe cy’imbabazi kirangiye, kuko umurongo wa mirongo ine n’itanu w’igice cya cumi na kimwe, n’umurongo wa mbere w’igice cya cumi na kabiri, byerekana amateka amwe.

Ubutumwa bw’umumarayika wa kabiri bwubakiye ku kuri k’uko Babuloni yaguye incuro ebyiri. Babuloni nyakuri, ihagarariwe na Nimurodi na Belushazari, yaguye incuro ebyiri; kandi Babuloni yo mu buryo bw’umwuka yaguye mu 1798, kandi izongera kugwa igihe igihe cy’imbabazi ku bantu kizaba kirangiye.

Gusubirwamo kw’igwa rya Babuloni muri marayika wa kabiri gutanga ishingiro ry’ubuhanuzi ryo kumenya ko ugukubitirwamo kabiri kw’amagambo n’interuro mu Byanditswe ari ikimenyetso cy’ubutumwa buhujwe bwa marayika wa kabiri n’Ijwi ryo mu Gicuku. Kandi binashimangira ihame ryagaragajwe na Sister White, ryerekeye ko kwiga ubuhanuzi gushingira ku kuzamuka no kugwa kw’ubwami bugaragazwa mu bitabo bya Daniyeli n’Ibyahishuwe. Bigaragaza igitekerezo cy’uko, kugira ngo usobanukirwe n’igwa rya Babuloni, umunyeshuri w’ubuhanuzi agomba guhuriza hamwe ukugwa kose kwa Babuloni, “umurongo ku murongo,” kugira ngo hashyirweho ubutumwa nyakuri bw’ubuhanuzi bw’igwa rya nyuma rya Babuloni.

Kuba Babuloni kugwa inshuro ebyiri mu butumwa bw’umumarayika wa kabiri, bishingiye ku ihame ry’ubuhanuzi rigaragaza ko ukuri gushimangirwa n’ubuhamya bw’abahamya babiri. Isubirwamo ry’ukugwa kwa Babuloni muri ubwo butumwa rigereranya uburyo bw’ubuhanuzi bumenyekana muri Bibiliya nk’imvura y’itumba. Ubwo buryo bwera, ari bwo mvura y’itumba, ni ugukoresha guteranya hamwe imirongo itandukanye y’ubuhanuzi “umurongo kuri umurongo.” Iyo ubwo buryo bukoreshejwe n’umunyeshuri w’ubuhanuzi, bushyiraho “ubutumwa” bw’imvura y’itumba. Ubutumwa bw’imvura y’itumba bushyirwaho binyuze mu gukoresha ubwo buryo bwera, hanyuma bugatangazwa mu mateka y’ubuhanuzi yahujwe y’umumarayika wa kabiri n’Induru yo mu Gicuku. Ibyo byabaye ukuri mu mateka y’umuryango w’umumarayika wa mbere, kandi ni ukuri no muri iki gihe, mu mateka y’umuryango w’umumarayika wa gatatu.

Ibice bya kane n’ibya gatanu byo mu gitabo cya Daniyeli, bigaragaza umurongo w’amateka ukubiyemo ukuzamuka n’itangiriro bya Babuloni, bihagarariwe na Nebukadinezari mu gice cya kane, hanyuma no kugwa n’iherezo bya Babuloni, bihagarariwe na Belushazari mu gice cya gatanu. Bihurijwe hamwe bikabyara umurongo umwe w’ubuhanuzi. Umurongo w’ubuhanuzi ukomoka kuri ibyo bice byombi ugomba gushyirwa hejuru y’ibice bya mbere kugeza ku cya gatatu byo muri Daniyeli, kugira ngo hashyirweho ubutumwa bw’imvura y’itumba.

Ibice bibiri byerekana kugwa no kongera guhaguruka kwa Nebukadinezari, no kugwa no kurimbuka kwa Belushazari, bityo bikerekana kugwa kwa Babuloni mu ntangiriro no ku iherezo ry’umurongo. Umurongo w’ubuhanuzi wakozwe n’ibyo bice byombi ushingiye kuri Babuloni igwa, ikongera guhaguruka, hanyuma ikongera kugwa. Uko kuri ukuri kwonyine kugaragaza ko ibyo bice byombi bihagarariye ubutumwa bwa marayika wa kabiri. Ibyo bice byombi bihagarariye amateka y’inyamaswa yo ku isi yo mu Byahishuwe cumi na bitatu, kandi muri ayo mateka ubutumwa bwa marayika wa kabiri n’Ubwoko bwo mu Gicuku bitangazwa incuro ebyiri.

Nuko rero, mbere y’uko dutangira gusuzuma ibice bya kane n’ibya gatanu byo muri Daniyeli, turabanza kugaragaza uburyo bwera ari bwo imvura y’itumba rya nyuma, hanyuma, dukoresheje ubwo buryo, tukagaragaza ubutumwa bw’imvura y’itumba rya nyuma.

Ikimenyetso cy’ingenzi mu mateka y’umumarayika wa mbere n’uwa kabiri cyari uburyo bw’imikorere bugaragazwa n’amategeko ya William Miller yo gusobanura ubuhanuzi. Ayo mategeko yakoreshejwe n’abantu kugira ngo bamenye ubutumwa bw’Induru yo mu Gicuku, kandi ubwo butumwa ni bwo bwari ubutumwa bw’imvura y’itumba muri ayo mateka. Ikimenyetso cy’ingenzi mu mateka y’umumarayika wa gatatu ni uburyo bw’imikorere bugaragazwa nk’“Imfunguzo z’Ubuhanuzi”. Ayo mategeko agomba gukoreshwa afatanyijwe n’amategeko ya William Miller kugira ngo hamenyekane ubutumwa bw’Induru yo mu Gicuku mu mateka yacu y’iki gihe, kandi ubutumwa ubu bushyirwaho n’ayo mategeko ni bwo butumwa bw’imvura y’itumba bwo mu minsi y’imperuka. Amategeko ya Miller ahagarariye imvura y’umuhindo wa mbere mu mateka y’ubuhanuzi bw’inyamaswa yo ku butaka, kandi ayo mategeko afatanyijwe n’“Imfunguzo z’Ubuhanuzi” ahagarariye imvura y’itumba mu mateka y’ubuhanuzi bw’inyamaswa yo ku butaka.

Imvura y’itumba ni yo buryo bukoreshwa kugira ngo ubutumwa butangwe. Hari abashukwa kuko bashaka kubaho iby’imvura y’itumba, batabanje gushaka ubutumwa butanga iyo mibereho. Amatorero ya Gipentekote yo mu Bukristo ni urugero rugaragara rw’iyo shukano. Uwo murongo nyine wo kuyobya uraboneka no ku bashaka ubutumwa bw’imvura y’itumba, ariko bakanga gushaka uburyo bugaragaza kandi bugashyiraho ubutumwa bw’imvura y’itumba. Hatariho uburyo bukwiriye, ubutumwa bukwiriye ntibushobora kumenyekana. Hatariho ubutumwa bukwiriye, uko kubaho gukwiriye ntigushoboka na busa.

Akamaro k’uku kuri kwa Bibiliya ntikamenyekana n’abenshi, kuko batigeze batekereza ko hari uburyo bumwe bw’ukuri bwo kwiga Bibiliya, kandi ko hari uburyo bwinshi butari bwo bwo kwiga Bibiliya. Uburyo butari bwo bwo kwiga Bibiliya, ari na bwo bwatoranywa kenshi cyane kurusha ubundi, ni ukwiringira ibitekerezo by’abandi bantu ku byo Bibiliya yigisha. Iki ni ikibazo gisanzwe cyane mu bantu, ku buryo buri torero ritegura uburyo bwo kugikemura kugira ngo rihaze icyo bita ko ari icyifuzo cy’amatungo yaryo. Icyo cyifuzo cy’ibinyoma gitera umurimo w’ibinyoma wo gushyiraho gahunda y’abayobozi bamenyekana nk’inzobere zo mu by’umwuka mu gusobanukirwa Bibiliya, kugira ngo bayobore neza ugusobanukirwa kw’umukumbi utaratojwe. Bibiliya koko igaragaza uburyo buteguye neza bw’imiterere y’itorero, burimo abakuru, abahanuzi n’abigisha, ariko Bibiliya ntiyigera yemeza iyangirika ry’imiterere y’itorero ritanga gahunda y’abayobozi bashyizweho kugira ngo bagenere ibyo ari ukuri n’ibitari ukuri, hanyuma nyuma y’ibyo, bagenere uwari we n’utari we umuyobe.

Umuyobozi w’itorero agomba guhugura, gucyaha, kwigisha no kurinda abantu inyigisho z’ibinyoma n’abazikwirakwiza, ariko buri wese muri twe akwiriye “kwiga ngo yiyereke” ko “yemerwa n’Imana,” binyuze mu “kugabanya neza ijambo ry’ukuri.” Mu kubikora gutyo, tugomba kumenya uburyo Bibiliya igaragaza ko ari bwo buryo bukwiriye bwo kugabanya neza ijambo ry’ukuri. Igitabo cya Yesaya kigaragaza ibyo bibazo mu rwego rw’imvura y’itumba rya nyuma, bityo rero ni ho tuzahera.

Mu nyandiko zibanza, twagiye tugaruka kenshi ku “ibendera” rishyizwe hejuru kugira ngo rihamagare abandi bana b’Imana bave i Babuloni. Umurongo wa nyuma w’igice cya makumyabiri na karindwi cya Yesaya uvuga umurimo w’iryo bendera ubwo ugira uti: “impanda ikomeye izavuzwa, maze abazaba bari hafi yo kurimbuka mu gihugu cya Ashuri bazaze.” Ashuri ni ikimenyetso cya Babuloni mu minsi y’imperuka, kandi abumva ubutumwa bw’umuburo bubahamagarira kuva i Babuloni muri uwo murongo, baza kuramya hamwe n’abagereranywa n’abo ijana na mirongo ine na bane b’ibihumbi, bo mu buhanuzi bashyizwe ku “musozi wera w’i Yerusalemu.”

Umurongo uravuga uti: “kandi bizasohora kuri uwo munsi.” “Uwo munsi,” ari wo munsi ijwi rya kabiri ryo mu Byahishuwe igice cya cumi n’umunani, rihamagaraho abandi bana b’Imana ngo bave i Babuloni, ni wo musingi w’iki gice cyose. Ijwi rya kabiri ryo mu Byahishuwe igice cya cumi n’umunani, rirangurura ijwi ku itegeko ryo ku Cyumweru, igihe maraya w’i Tiro yibukwa.

Yesaya igice cya makumyabiri na karindwi gitangira kigaragaza uwo munsi nyir’izina igice kirangirizaho, igihe kivuga kiti: “Muri uwo munsi Uwiteka azahana Lewiyatani, inzoka yihuta kugenda, akoresheje inkota ye ityaye kandi ikomeye kandi ifite imbaraga; ndetse na Lewiyatani, iyo nzoka igoramye; kandi azica ikiyoka kiri mu nyanja.”

Ku itegeko ryo ku Cyumweru ni ho urubanza rw’Imana rushyirwa mu bikorwa, urwo guhana no guhorera, rutangira kugwa ku bwami bw’ikiyoka (Umuryango w’Abibumbye), bw’inyamaswa (ubupapa) n’ubw’umuhanuzi w’ibinyoma (Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika). Ku itegeko ryo ku Cyumweru, umuhanuzi w’ibinyoma ahirikwa nk’ubwami bwa gatandatu bwo mu buhanuzi bwa Bibiliya, kandi ubuhakanyi bw’ishyanga butera kurimbuka kw’ishyanga. Itegeko ryo ku Cyumweru ni ho imanza z’Imana zishyirwa mu bikorwa zitangira kugwa ku kiyoka, ari cyo Satani (kandi ubwami bwe bwo ku isi bugaragazwa nk’ikiyoka), no ku nyamaswa no ku muhanuzi w’ibinyoma. Ni igihano kigenda cyiyongera, gitangirira ku itegeko ryo ku Cyumweru. Intangiriro n’iherezo by’igice cya makumyabiri na karindwi cya Yesaya ni itegeko ryo ku Cyumweru, kandi icyo gice kigaragaza ingingo zihariye zifitanye isano itaziguye n’amateka abanziriza itegeko ryo ku Cyumweru kandi agakurikiraho.

Turimo gusuzuma igice cya makumyabiri na karindwi, kuko gishyiraho urwego rw’ubuhanuzi rw’ibice bya makumyabiri na munani na makumyabiri na cyenda. Muri ibyo bice tuzabonamo ibisobanuro by’imvura y’itumba nk’uburyo bukurikizwa, bizadufasha gusobanukirwa n’ubusobanuro bwo gushyira ibice bya kane n’icya gatanu bya Daniyeli hejuru y’ibice bya mbere kugeza ku cya gatatu bya Daniyeli. Nyuma y’uko Yesaya igice cya makumyabiri na karindwi kigaragaje itangira ry’igihano gikurikizwa buhoro buhoro ku bwami bw’ikiyoka, yandika ko muri icyo gihe ubwoko bw’Imana butegekwa “kumuririmbira.” Kuririmbira nde?

Igisubizo cy’uwo baririmbira kiboneka mu mutwe w’indirimbo, kuko bagomba kuririmba bati: “umuzabibu wa vino itukura, uwo Uwiteka arinda.” Inkuru y’umuzabibu ni inkuru y’ubwoko bw’Imana, kandi bwa mbere Yesaya yayivuze mu gice cya gatanu.

Mu mateka y’ihungabana ry’itegeko ryo ku Cyumweru, ubwoko bw’Imana bugomba kuririmbira ubwoko bw’Imana indirimbo y’uruzabibu, kuko iyo ndirimbo ivuga iti: “None rero, mwa baturage b’i Yerusalemu namwe bagabo b’Abayuda, nimuncire urubanza, ndabinginze, hagati yanjye n’uruzabibu rwanjye.” Indirimbo y’uruzabibu ni yo ndirimbo igaragaza gucishwa ku ruhande k’ubwoko bw’isezerano bwa mbere, mu gihe Imana yinjirana isezerano n’abo Petero avuga ko “kera mutari ubwoko, ariko none mukaba muri ubwoko bw’Imana.” Igaragaza ko nta mvura yaguye kuri urwo ruzabibu, bityo igaragaza umurimo wa Eliya uje muri icyo gihe, kandi ari we wenyine ushobora gutanga imvura muri icyo gihe. Tuzi ko iyo ndirimbo ivuga iby’ugucishwa ku ruhande kw’ubwoko bw’isezerano, kuko indirimbo y’uruzabibu yaririmbwe na Kristo ku Bisirayeli ba kera, mu gihe Isirayeli ya kera yarimo icishwa ku ruhande, mu gihe kimwe Imana yarimo yinjirana isezerano na Isirayeli yo mu mwuka.

Igihe Yesu yaririmbaga indirimbo y’uruzabibu rw’Imana imbere ya Isirayeli ya kera, bakurikiwe cyane n’ubwenge n’imbaraga by’ubutumwa, ku buryo ubwo Yesu yabazaga Abayahudi bajyaga impaka icyo Nyir’uruzabibu yari gukorera abishe Umwana, batabashije kwirinda gutanga igisubizo nyacyo, igihe bavugaga bati: “Abo bagabo babi azabarimbuza urupfu rubi, kandi uruzabibu rwe azarukodesha abandi barinzi b’uruzabibu, bazajya bamuha imbuto zarwo mu bihe byazo.”

Nuko Yesu yahise yongeraho undi murongo kuri iyo ndirimbo, ubwo yaririmbaga iby’ibuye ryanzwe, maze ahuza igisubizo cyabo n’umurongo usoza ubwo yavugaga ati: “Ni cyo gituma mbabwira yuko ubwami bw’Imana muzabunyagwa, bugahabwa ishyanga ryera imbuto zabwo. Kandi uzagwa kuri iri buye wese azamenagurika; ariko uwo rizagwaho wese rizamuhondaguramo ifu.” Iyo mvugo ngo “rizamuhondaguramo ifu” yumvikanisha Yesaya makumyabiri n’irindwi ivuga “amabuye yose y’igicaniro azamera nk’amabuye ya chaki amenaguwe mo ibice; kandi ibikingi n’ibishushanyo ntibizahaguruka.” Byombi byerekeza ku murimo w’ububyutse wakozwe na Yosiya, washushanyaga ab’igihe cy’imperuka bongera kuvumbura “inshuro ndwi”, ari ryo buye risitaza kandi rijanjagura abanga kuribona ko rifite igiciro cyinshi.

Ku munsi w’itegeko ryo ku Cyumweru, nk’uko bigaragazwa muri Yesaya igice cya makumyabiri na karindwi, abari “mu gihe cyashize batari ubwoko” bagomba kuririmba indirimbo y’uruzabibu rw’Uwiteka rw’inzoga itukura. Izi nyandiko zakunze kugaragaza ko nta butumwa bwa gatatu bubaho, hatabanje kubaho ubutumwa bwa mbere n’ubwa kabiri. Itegeko ryo ku Cyumweru ni ryo butumwa bwa gatatu, kandi umunsi w’itegeko ryo ku Cyumweru urimo amateka y’ubutumwa bwa mbere n’ubwa kabiri. Mu gice cya makumyabiri na karindwi cya Yesaya, itegeko ryo ku Cyumweru ririmo kugaragaza igihe gihagarariwe muri Daniyeli igice cya mbere, hanyuma nanone muri Daniyeli ibice bya mbere kugeza ku bya gatatu. Mu buryo bw’ubuhanuzi, umunsi w’itegeko ryo ku Cyumweru wo mu gice cya makumyabiri na karindwi urimo kugaragaza amateka yo ku wa 11 Nzeri 2001, igihe ubutumwa bwa mbere bwahawe imbaraga kugeza ku itegeko ryo ku Cyumweru rigiye kuza vuba.

Mu nyandiko ikurikira, tuzakomeza kuzirikana indirimbo abacunguwe bagomba kwamamaza mu gihe kibanziriza aho maraya w’i Roma azatangira kuririmba indirimbo ye.