Lembali Lufihlakele Lomusho Wamane—Inombolo Yamashumi Lamatsatfu

Mubhuku raEzekieri, “kukombwa” kweJerusarema ndiko “chiratidzo” chiri muedzo uchashandiswa kusarudza magumo edu okusaguma, nokuti kunoratidza kuumbwa kwemufananidzo wechikara.

“तयारीहरू,” “गतिविधिहरू” र “घटनाहरू” परीक्षाभन्दा अघि नै पहिचान गरिनुपर्छ।

Kufanele “sazi” “izehlakalo ezinkulu nezinesizotha njengoba simi kanye embundwini wokugcwaliseka kwazo.” Umbundu ukhomba isidingo sethu sokuqonda lezi zehlakalo ngaphambi kokugcwaliseka kwazo.

Kuumbwa kwa sanamu ya mnyama kunakamilishwa kwanza katika Marekani, na baadaye katika ulimwengu mzima.

Muna 496, Clovis mambo wevaFranks akanga akaroorana naClotilda. Clotilda akanga ari mwanasikana wamambo weBurgundy, mwanasikana waMambo Chilperic II weBurgundy. Mushure mokunge baba namai vake vaurayiwa mukurwisana kwesimba kwemhuri, akagara achidzivirirwa nasekuru vake kusvikira apiwa muwanano kuna Clovis I, mambo wevaFranks, muna 493. Akanga ari muKaturike, ndiko kuti, aibata kutenda kweNicaea/kwechokwadi kweChechi yeRoma. Izvi zvakamusiyanisa nedzimwe mhuri zhinji dzeumambo dzechiGermanic dzenguva iyoyo, dzaiva maKristu eArius. Mai vake Caretena vakanga vari muKaturike, uye Clotilda akarerwa mukutenda ikoko. Anorangarirwa nokuramba achikurudzira Clovis kuti asiye upagani agamuchire rubhabhatidzo rweKaturike, uye mushure maizvozvo kutendeuka kwake muna 496 ndechimwe chezviitiko zvinokosha zvikuru munhoroondo yokutanga yeFrance neyechinonzi chiKristu cheKumadokero.

UClovis ngo-496 uphawula ukuqala kwezinhlaka zezombusazwe zaseYurophu “zokuvuka” zisize upapa njengoba lwalukhuphukela emandleni. Lokhu kuphawula ukuqala kodwendwe lomshado olungokomfanekiso. “Izingalo” zaleli vesi nazo ziyakungcolisa “indawo engcwele yamandla,” okuyinto, kokubili eRoma lobuqaba naseRoma lobupapa, eyidolobha laseRoma.

Mubhuku ra Danieri mune mazwi maviri akasiyana echiHebheru anoshandurwa achinzi “nzvimbo tsvene.” Mazwi echiHebheru anoti ‘miqdash’ na ‘qodesh’ ose ari maviri anoshandurwa achinzi “nzvimbo tsvene,” asi qodesh rinogona chete kumirira chinhu chitsvene, nepo miqdash richigona kumirira nzvimbo tsvene kana isiri tsvene—zvichitemerwa nemamiriro ezvakapoteredza.

“nzvimbo tsvene yesimba” iri mundima makumi matatu neimwe inonzi ‘miqdash’ uye inomiririra nzvimbo tsvene yesimba reRoma, iyo kuRoma yechihedheni pamwe neRoma yapapa yaiva guta reRoma. Kubva pahondo yeActium, apo Octavian akabatanidza humambo, Roma yechihedheni yakanga isingakundiki kwemakore mazana matatu nemakumi matanhatu (nguva) mukuzadziswa kwendima makumi maviri neina yaDanieri gumi neimwe.

Roma, “nzvimbo tsvene yesimba,” yakanga “yasvibiswa,” (yasvibiswa, zvichireva kuti ‘yakuvadzwa kana kuparadzwa’), kubudikidza ne“maoko” ehondo yakanga ichienderera mberi ichirwa neguta iro, inomiririrwa zvikurukuru nemabhosvo mana okutanga eZvakazarurwa chitsauko 8.

Kwayambira mu 496 kwenda m’tsogolo, mbiri idzaonetsa mzinda wa Roma ukuipitsidwa pamene unasanduka kuchoka ku mphamvu ndi ulemerero wa ufumu wa Aroma kupita ku mphamvu ndi ulemerero wa ufumu wa Roma Katolika. Mikono imeneyo idzachotsa chipembedzo cha chikunja, choyimiridwa ndi mawu akuti “daily” m’ndimeyo, pamene inalandira chipembedzo cha Nikeya Katolika.

Muchato wechibvumirano chepapa une chiratidzo chealpha, wakanga watanga rwendo rwawo rwemuchato muna 496, wakazadziswa pamutemo weSvondo muna 538, uye shure kwaizvozvo wakazobviswa muna 1798, sezvakangoitwawo mimwe yose michato yezvibvumirano iri muna Danieri gumi nerimwe. Zvakazarurwa zvinowedzera pahukama hwemuchato hwepapa pakati pamadzimambo eEurope nemapapa eKaturike, nokuti shato yaZvakazarurwa gumi nembiri ndiSatani pamwe chete nemadzimambo eRoma yechihedheni.

Mu Chivumbulutso Yohane watidziwisa zinthu zitatu zimene mafumu (chinjoka) anapatsa chilombo cha m’nyanja cha Chikatolika.

330 kusvika 538 inguva yakatarwa yechiporofita inotsanangura zviratidzo zvisere zvekusimbiswa kwesimba repasipasi. Matanho iwayo masere anodzokororwa mukuporeswa kweronda rinouraya repasipasi panguva yemutemo weSvondo uri kuda kuuya.

Chekutanga pamatanho masere kwaiva kupihwa kweguta reRoma kusimba repapa, uye danho rechisere kwaiva kupihwa kweguta iroro sechigaro cheumambo hwechishanu hwechiprofita cheBhaibheri. Izvi zvinoratidza 538 sechigaro, uye se“danho rechisere, iro riri rematanho manomwe akapfuura.” Danho rokutanga raiva kupihwa kwechigaro uye danho rechisere raiva kupihwa kwechigaro; saka, danho rokutanga muna 330 ndiro arifa uye 538 ndiro omega. Zvigaro zviviri, nyanga nhatu dzakabviswa, chezuva nezuva chakabviswa, kutendeuka kwaClovis uye chirevo chaJustinian zvinoumba matanho masere akazara anoratidza mafambiro emuchato, uye pakupedzisira muchato wacho pachawo.

Muna 1798, France, simba rakanga ramiririra madzimambo gumi eEurope, iro rakaisa upapa pachigaro muna 538, rakabvisa upapa pachigaro ichocho. Muchato wesungano wealpha unomiririrwa munhoroondo ya538 kusvika 1798 unofananidzira muchato wesungano weomega wesimba reupapa pamwe chete nemadzimambo gumi eZvakazarurwa 17. Rwendo rwemuchato kubva muna 496 kusvika muna 538 runofananidzira nhanho sere dzinoenderana nevatungamiri vasere vokupedzisira veUnited States. Clovis neFrance zviratidzo zvemadzimambo gumi eEurope. Zvinomiririra United States iyo ichava mambo mukuru-mukuru wamadzimambo gumi eZvakazarurwa 17 pamutemo weSvondo uri kuuya nokukurumidza.

Muchato mishanu yapfuura yechibvumirano iri muna Danieri gumi neimwe inoenderana nemuchato wechitanhatu nowokupedzisira wechibvumirano wemazuva okupedzisira. Michato yechibvumirano yeArfa neOmega yokumusoro neyokumaodzanyemba inoratidza mwenga anobva kumaodzanyemba seArfa, uye Omega mwenga anobva kuchamhembe. Mumichato yechibvumirano yeRoma yechihedheni, mwenga weArfa aibva kumabvazuva akapiwa kumadokero, uye omega ya313 yakanga iri mwenga aibva kumadokero. Michato mina iyoyo yakabatanidzwa pamwe chete nenzira youporofita naKleopatra wokutanga naKleopatra wokupedzisira. Muchato wechibvumirano wokufananidzira weRoma yapapa wakamirira chikomba samambo mukuru wekubatana kwouporofita kwamadzimambo gumi achibatana nomwenga wavo—mukadzi mutsvuku weRoma. Kurambana kwakaitwa namambo mukuru wamadzi mambo gumi muna 1798.

Tudzaenderera mberi nezvinhu izvi munyaya inotevera.